软骨多糖对荷瘤小鼠免疫功能影响的初步研究

目的研究软骨多糖对荷瘤小鼠的作用,并探讨其对免疫功能的影响。方法采用小鼠肉瘤S180细胞建立动物腹水瘤模型,然后随机将小鼠分为生理盐水对照组和软骨多糖给药组,连续腹腔注射生理盐水或软骨多糖,分别测量ConA和LPS刺激下小鼠脾细胞淋巴增殖情况、外周血NK细胞的活性,及外周血单个核细胞E花环形成率。结果软骨多糖能刺激淋巴细胞增殖,明显提高NK细胞的活性,提高E花环形成率。结论软骨多糖能通过增强S180荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能而抑制肿瘤的生长。     

香菇C91-3菌丝发酵蛋白对S180小鼠细胞免疫功能和IFN-γ及TNF-α的作用

目的观察香菇C91-3菌丝发酵蛋白对荷瘤小鼠免疫系统的作用。方法昆明小鼠24只,S180瘤细胞荷瘤建立动物模型,随机平均分为3组：香菇C91-3菌丝发酵蛋白治疗组、环磷酰胺治疗组、生理盐水对照组。观察香菇C91-3菌丝发酵蛋白对荷瘤小鼠NK细胞活性、淋巴细胞转化率、IFN-γ和TNF-α等免疫指标的影响。结果香菇C91-3菌丝发酵蛋白能够显著提高治疗组小鼠的NK细胞活性、淋巴细胞转化率和血清中IFN-γ和TNF-α的含量。结论香菇C91-3菌丝发酵蛋白能够显著提高荷瘤小鼠免疫系统的活性。     

2种真菌多糖荧光标记及其取代度和稳定性

通过对小刺猴头发酵浸膏多糖和黑木耳发酵浸膏多糖进行荧光标记,得到2种真菌多糖的荧光标记产物,即小刺猴头菌多糖-FITC和黑木耳多糖-FITC。通过紫外分光光度计、酶标仪和荧光分光光度计对标记后的真菌多糖进行扫描,并进行运算,得到该2种真菌多糖的荧光物质的取代度,分别为0.79%和0.71%。同时对标记后多糖的体外稳定性进行研究,结果表明,小刺猴头发酵浸膏多糖标记物和黑木耳发酵浸膏多糖标记物在PBS溶液、血浆及尿液中稳定性良好。     

双歧异黄酮奶粉对化疗荷瘤小鼠减毒增效作用的研究

目的：研究双歧异黄酮奶粉对化疗后荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法：以S180荷瘤C57BL／6小鼠为模型,系统地研究双歧异黄酮奶粉对瘤重和细胞功能的影响。结果：双歧异黄酮奶粉对荷瘤鼠化疗所引起的免疫功能低下具有明显的恢复作用,可显著提高化疗荷瘤鼠T细胞转化能力,明显促进化疗荷瘤鼠白介素—2(IL—2)分泌水平。结论;双歧异黄酮奶粉能够拮抗肿瘤抗原和化疗所引起的免疫抑制。     

香茹多糖改善S180荷瘤鼠免疫功能的体视学研究

本研究取昆明小鼠40只,分为正常盐水对照组,肿瘤模型组,环磷酰胺（CYT）对照组,LTN实验组。荷瘤小鼠在小鼠右前腋皮下注射S180细胞悬液,制成实体瘤模型。LTN采用腹腔注射给药。通过对小鼠体重、瘤重及抑瘤率,脾重及脾指数,外周血血细胞分析,体视学方法计量脾白髓相对面积百分比及单位面积中脾小体的个数等的检测,观察了LTN的抑瘤效果及对S180荷瘤鼠免疫功能的影响。     

酵母多糖对S_(180)荷瘤小鼠抗氧化作用和免疫机能的影响

目的:研究酵母多糖(zymosan)对S180荷瘤小鼠抗氧化状态和免疫功能的影响。方法:将昆明小鼠70只随机分为7组,第1组作为正常组,另6组将S180瘤细胞悬液接种于小鼠右前肢腋皮下制备荷瘤小鼠动物模型,分为zymosan低、中、高剂量组和环磷酰胺(Cy)组、肿瘤对照组及zymosan联合Cy治疗组,灌胃第7 d接种S180瘤,第19 d后测定小鼠肝匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)含量、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,评价zymosan对小鼠抗氧化能力的作用。采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测IL-2、TNF-α、TGF-β1mRNA的表达,评价zymosan对小鼠免疫功能的影响。结果:zymosan各剂量组均能提高肝脏中GSH-Px活性和SOD活力,但zymosan高剂量组显著降低MDA水平(P<0.01)。zymosan各剂量组荷瘤小鼠肿瘤组织内TNF-α、IL-2 mRNA相对表达量明显高于Cy组和肿瘤对照组(P<0.01),同时下调TGF-β1水平。zymosan高剂量对小鼠S180瘤有明显抑制作用,且与Cy合用后有协同作用,并提高了小鼠的TNF-α、IL-2 mRNA的表达。结论:zymosan的抑瘤机制可能主要是抗氧化作用和免疫调节作用,且作用与剂量有关。     

人参皂苷Rh_4对小鼠移植性肿瘤的抑制作用

本文阐述了三七中人参皂苷Rh4的体内抗肿瘤作用。建立S180肉瘤和肝癌H22荷瘤小鼠动物模型,将接种后的小鼠随机分为阴性对照组、阳性对照组及人参皂苷Rh4高、中、低剂量组,采用腹腔给药和灌胃给药两种方式,观察人参皂苷Rh4对小鼠移植性肿瘤的体内抑制作用以及对动物免疫器官重量的影响。结果表明:采用腹腔注射给药和灌胃给药,人参皂苷Rh4各剂量组对S180肉瘤小鼠和肝癌H22小鼠肿瘤生长均有抑制作用。与阴性对照组比较,当人参皂苷Rh4剂量为4.5 mg/kg灌胃给药时,对肉瘤S180的抑制率为47.84%(P0.01);当Rh4剂量为10.0 mg/kg腹腔注射给药时,对肝癌H22的抑制率为52.72%(P0.01)。人参皂苷Rh4对荷瘤小鼠免疫器官未见明显影响。     

参芝发酵产物的抗肿瘤活性及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为了探索红参水煎液的灵芝发酵产物对H22荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤活性及其对小鼠免疫功能的影响,通过体内抗肿瘤实验和增强免疫功能实验从抑瘤率、对免疫器官的影响指数、对非特异性免疫、体液免疫及细胞免疫的影响5个方面对该产物做了功能性评价。结果表明,在抗肿瘤实验中,参芝发酵产物高剂量组的抑瘤率达到51.65%,脾指数和胸腺指数均高于对照组和环磷酰胺(CTX)组;增强免疫功能实验中,3个实验的给药组小鼠和对照组小鼠相比都有显著性差异(P<0.01)。由此可见,将灵芝与人参在发酵层次上配伍具有显著的抑制荷瘤小鼠肿瘤生长及增强小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

红曲多糖抑瘤作用初步研究

以昆明种小鼠为试验动物,通过皮下注射建立小鼠移植性S180肿瘤模型,红曲多糖灌胃2周后,摘取瘤体和脾脏,计算抑瘤率和脾指数,并用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果显示,红曲多糖低、中、高剂量组均能抑制荷瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长,抑瘤率分别达24.70%、31.03%、39.82%,呈量效关系,对S180肉瘤生长有明显的抑制作用;红曲多糖能提高小鼠的免疫力,高剂量组免疫器官质量显著增加。研究表明红曲多糖有抗肿瘤作用,具有一定的开发价值。     

纳米中药对S180荷瘤小鼠肠道菌群影响的研究及其防治作用

目的研究纳米中药对S180荷瘤小鼠肠道菌群的影响及其抑制作用。方法将S180荷瘤瘤株以2×105/(0.2 m l.鼠)用注射器接种于小鼠右前肢腋下,建立实体瘤模型,肿瘤发生率为100%。观察小鼠的一般状态,用梯度稀释法和培养法测定小鼠4种肠道正常菌群,即乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、肠球菌、肠杆菌。用电子天平称瘤重并计算瘤抑制率。病理行HE(苏木精-伊红)染色,在光学显微镜下观察。结果与模型组比较,纳米中药组双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌数量明显升高,肠球菌和肠杆菌数量明显减少,肿瘤坏死因子数量增加,抑瘤率达64%,病理显示肿瘤组织间坏死灶明显,有大量的炎性细胞浸润。结论纳米中药提高机体免疫屏障功能,增强药物的靶向性,扶植机体正常菌群的生长,实现抗肿瘤的目的。     

真菌多糖与花生凝集素的相互作用

通过加入虫草多糖、树舌多糖、灵芝多糖、榆耳多糖、银耳多糖、小刺猴头菌多糖、黑木耳多糖和云芝多糖8种真菌多糖,观察真菌多糖对PNA与血细胞表面受体结合的影响。试验结果表明:小刺猴头菌多糖具有较强的与PNA的结合能力,这可能是由于小刺猴头菌多糖的空间结构或其上的半乳糖的连接方式、空间位置更适合与PNA结合的缘故。     

小刺猴头菌发酵液小分子指纹图谱与多糖含量相关性研究

试验研究了小刺猴头菌发酵液小分子指纹图谱与多糖含量的相关性。在小刺猴头菌摇床培养发酵液整个发酵周期内取得的样品经石油醚、二氯甲烷和乙酸乙酯依次萃取,HPLC检测分析。选择二氯甲烷层的3种小分子物质含量为主要研究对象,通过SAS软件和SIMCA-P 11.5软件对其与发酵液多糖进行相关性分析。结果表明:发酵液二氯甲烷层的3,4,5号峰小分子与发酵液多糖在含量变化上呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。     

10种针阔叶树上常见的木材腐朽菌的培养特性*

描述了10种针阔叶树上常见的多孔菌的培养特性。它们是环纹革盖菌、蔷红拟层孔菌、盘拟层孔菌、斑褐孔菌、全缘孔菌、小刺猴头、黄白卧孔菌、烟色刺耳、变红栓菌和红斑干酪菌。     

鲜猴头菌口服液益智保健功效初步研究

初步评估了鲜猴头菌口服液的益智保健功效以及对糖尿病及其相关症状的改善作用。在研究中,首先采用急性毒性实验检测鲜猴头菌口服液饮用的安全性;然后,采取小鼠跳台和避暗实验以及迟发型变态反应初步分析了鲜猴头菌口服液对正常小鼠的学习和记忆能力以及对由Cy诱导的免疫抑制小鼠的细胞免疫应答能力的影响;同时,又以STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠作为模型,测定了鲜猴头菌口服液对糖尿病典型症状的改善作用。结果显示,鲜猴头菌口服液的LD50＞27.2mL/kg;在跳台和避暗2个实验中,与空白对照组相比较,猴头低、中、高3个剂量组小鼠的潜伏期明显缩短,且5min错误次数明显减少;在迟发型变态反应中,与阴性对照组相比较,猴头组小鼠的左后足趾肿胀度极显著增强;此外,鲜猴头菌口服液还对由STZ诱导的糖尿病大鼠的精神状态和体重均有改善作用,而与正常组相比较,口服液对糖尿病大鼠的血常规指标影响不明显。这表明,鲜猴头菌口服液为安全物质,它能显著的提高小鼠的记忆和学习能力,能极显著的提高免疫抑制小鼠的细胞免疫应答水平,还能对由糖尿病引起的体重下降有改善作用,同时不会引起副作用。     

益气补肾方药对化疗荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的　探讨益气补肾方药 (由金匮肾气方加味人参、黄芪组成 ,以下均称方药 ,TS)对环磷酰胺 (CY)处理的荷H2 2 瘤小鼠非特异免疫功能的影响。方法　用CY处理荷H2 2 瘤小鼠 ,建立免疫力低下动物模型。用乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)释放法分别检测NK细胞、巨噬细胞 (M)的活性 ,用RT PCR法检测白细胞介素 12 (IL 12 )mRNA在脾脏细胞中的表达。结果　TS CY组小鼠吸光度A值为 1 332± 0 5 10 ,明显高于CY组小鼠 (P <0 0 1)。TS CY组小鼠A值为 1 12 9± 0 2 80 ,明显高于CY组小鼠 (P <0 0 1)。此方药能明显提高CY所致免疫力低下小鼠NK细胞、M的活性 ,增加IL 12在脾细胞中的表达。结论　该方药可以明显提高环磷酰胺所致免疫力低下荷瘤小鼠的非特异免疫功能。     

Administration of embryonic stem cells generates effective antitumor immunity in mice with minor and heavy tumor load

The history of immunizing animals with fetal tissues to generate an antitumor response dates back a century ago. Subsequent reports supported the idea that vaccination with embryonic materials could generate cancer-specific immunity and protect animals from transplantable and chemically induced tumors. In our study, we found C57 BL/6 mice vaccinated with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) received obvious antitumor immunity, which protected them from the formation and development of lung cancer. Furthermore, we investigated the antitumor effects of administration of ESCs in mice with minor and/or heavy tumor load. The tumor growth was monitored, the proliferation of lymphocytes and secretion of cytokines were examined, and finally the tissue sections were approached by immunohistochemical and apoptosis staining. The results suggested that mice injected with ESCs received obvious tumor inhibition and retardation due to significant lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion, which help to rebuild the host’s immunity against cancer to some extent and comprise the main part of antitumor immunity. Moreover, mice with minor tumor load received stronger antitumor effect compared with mice with heavy tumor load, may be due to relatively intact immune system. Thus, besides their function as prophylactic vaccines, administration of ESCs could be a potential treatment for cancer, which obviously prevent and control the proliferation and development of malignant tumors.     

Tumor-immunotherapy with the use of tumor-antigen-pulsed antigen-presenting cells

Summary Our previous study demonstrated that the administration of antigen-presenting cells (APC) pulsed with tumor cell membrane fraction to naive syngeneic mice results in effective induction of tumor-specific protective immunity in vivo. The present study examined whether tumor-antigen-pulsed APC can produce the inhibitory effect on the growth of tumor cells when administered to tumor-bearing hosts. Naive BALB/c mice were inoculated with viable tumor cells. Five days later, these mice started to receive the relevant tumor-antigen-pulsed APC at 3- to 4-day intervals. The administration of tumor-antigenpulsed APC induced the rejection or growth inhibition of a growing tumor in approximately half of the recipient mice. Moreover, it was demonstrated that tumor-specific immunity was induced in such tumor-regressed mice. These results indicate that tumor-antigen-pulsed APC are effectively applicable to the tumor-specific immunotherapy.This work was supported by Special Project Research-Cancer Bioscience from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan     

Comparative study of mycelial growth and basidiomata formation in seven different species of the edible mushroom genus Hericium

The potential of using several agricultural by-products as supplements of sawdust substrate for the production of edible mushroom Hericium was evaluated using seven Hericium species. All the tested supplements (rice bran, wheat bran, barley bran, Chinese cabbage, egg shell, and soybean powder) were found to be suitable for the mycelial growth of all the tested species. In mycelial growth, soybean powder was the best supplement for Hericium americanum, Hericium coralloides, and Hericium erinaceum while barley bran was the best for Hericium alpestre, Hericium laciniatum, and Hericium erinaceus. For Hericium abietis, rice bran and Chinese cabbage was the best. The possibility of mushroom production on oak sawdust substrate with 20% rice bran supplement was demonstrated with H. coralloides, H. americanum, H. erinaceus, and H. erinaceum which showed 26-70% biological efficiency. Our results also showed that strain selection is important to improve biological efficiency and mushroom yield in Hericium cultivation.     

Transfer of antitumor immunity with ribonucleic acid-containing spleen extract of immunized animals

Summary Ribonucleic acid-containing spleen extract (i-extract) was prepared from the spleens of C57BL/6 mice immunized with mammary carcinoma Ca755. The i-extract contained a factor which could transfer antitumor immunity into the recipient mice, since the tumor growth was significantly retarded if mice received IP injections of i-extract at the same time as or at 6 days after tumor transplantation. Little or no inhibition of tumor growth was observed in mice which received injections of i-extract 6 days prior to tumor transplantation.Tumor growth was also inhibited in mice which had received live attenuated strain (SER) Salmonella enteritidis by IV injection 6 days prior to the tumor transplantation, whereas no growth inhibition was observed in mice which were treated by injection of live SER strain of S. enteritidis simultaneously with the tumor transplantation.Tumor growth was synergistically inhibited if mice received live SER by injection 6 days prior to and i-extract 6 days after tumor transplantation, and an extended survival was observed.