不同基质栽培的猴头菌子实体多糖理化性质和体外免疫活性

【背景】猴头菌多糖是猴头菌(Hericium erinaceus)中主要的活性成分,具有提高免疫力、抗肿瘤、降血糖、抗突变、抗衰老等多种功效。目前对于猴头菌多糖的研究主要集中在结构分析上,有关不同基质栽培对于猴头菌子实体多糖理化性质的影响鲜见报道。【目的】研究不同基质栽培的猴头菌子实体多糖的理化性质和体外免疫活性,筛选出高产优质猴头菌的栽培配方。【方法】采用7种不同配方的基质经工厂化栽培获得不同的猴头菌子实体,对其子实体产量和粗多糖含量进行统计和分析测定,并对7种不同基质栽培获得的猴头菌子实体多糖的分子量分布及单糖组成等理化特征进行分析,比较其对刺激RAW264.7巨噬细胞株释放NO的差异。【结果】综合各项指标表明,配方2 (木屑30%,玉米芯40%,棉籽壳15%,玉米粉2%,麸皮6%,米糠5%,石膏1%,石灰1%)和配方7 (玉米芯39%,棉籽壳10%,麸皮10%,米糠30%,大豆皮5%,甜菜渣4%,碳酸钙2%)栽培获得的猴头菌子实体具有较高的多糖含量和活性。【结论】所选配方适合作为栽培猴头菌深加工原料的培养基质。     

Adapting substrate formulas used for shiitake for production of brown Agaricus bisporus

A pasteurized, non-composted substrate (basal mixture) consisting of oak sawdust (28%), millet (29%), rye (8%), peat (8%), alfalfa meal (4%), soybean flour (4%), wheat bran (9%), and CaCO3 (10%) was adapted from shiitake culture to produce the common cultivated mushroom (brown; portabello), Agaricus bisporus. Percentage biological efficiency (ratio of fresh mushroom harvested/oven-dry substrate weight, %BE) ranged from a low of 30.1% (when wheat straw was substituted for sawdust) to 77.1% for the basal mixture. Special, high gas-exchange bags were required to optimize mycelial growth during spawn run. Our formula may allow specialty mushroom growers to produce portabello mushrooms on a modified, pasteurized (110 degrees C for 20 min) substrate commonly used for shiitake production without the added expense of compost preparation.     

猴头菌子实体和固体培养菌丝体提取物化学组成及生物活性的比较

比较了猴头菌子实体和固体培养菌丝体的提取物化学成分的组成和含量的差异。研究结果表明,猴头菌子实体和培养菌丝体提取物的单糖含量分别为6.67%和6.68%,基本一致;蛋白质含量分别为12.73%和13.91%,比较接近;多糖的含量相差较大,分别为26.63%和18.71%,子实体提取物的多糖含量比培养菌丝体提取物高7.92%;而培养菌丝体中重金属的含量比子实体中的高;红外光谱分析子实体提取物的特征吸收峰显示二者在多糖构型上有差异;动物实验表明在等生药量时,猴头菌子实体提取物对大鼠胃粘膜损伤的保护作用优于培养菌丝体的提取物。研究结果表明,猴头菌子实体较培养菌丝体更合适于相应功能食品的开发。     

Effect of cereal brans on Lentinula edodes growth and enzyme activities during cultivation on forestry waste

AIMS: To develop strategies for increasing the growth of Lentinula edodes in eucalyptus residues. To this end, we have examined the effects of cereal brans additions on production of mycelial biomass and enzymes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three isolates of the mushroom shiitake, L. edodes (Berk. Pegler), were evaluated for enzyme and ergosterol production on eucalyptus residue supplemented with 5, 10, 15 and 20% (w/w) of soya, wheat or rice brans. Nitrogen imput on eucalyptus residues accelerated mycelial growth by supplying the L. edodes with this limiting nutrient. High levels of enzymes activities were produced in eucalyptus residues supplemented by soya bran. Comparison of cellulose and xylanase production with manganese peroxidase (MnP) at 20% soya bran indicated that hydrolytic enzymes, but oxidative enzymes were reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Mycelial growth measurements revealed that eucalyptus residues supplemented with cereal brans supported fast growth of L. edodes, indicating that mycelium extension is related to the bioavailability of nitrogen. The type and concentration of nutrient supplement has a considerable effect both on substrate colonization and on the type of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes produced. These characteristics may be useful for mushroom growing. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Lentinula edodes is commercially important for edible mushroom production and supplements which enhance growth and enzymes production might also be beneficial for mushroom yields.     

Effect of culture parameters on the production of the edible mushroom <Emphasis Type="Italic">Grifola frondosa</Emphasis> (maitake) in tropical weathers

Hitherto, little effort has been directed to improve culture conditions for commercial development of maitake (Grifola frondosa), an edible and medicinal fungus, due to the short history of cultivation, particularly in tropical weathers. The purpose of this research was analyzing the environmental factors required for successful basidiome development on synthetic substrates in Colombia. We evaluated different cereal grains (corn, barley, sorghum and rice) for spawn production; and industrial by-products (such as coffee spent-ground and oak-sawdust) as substrates for mushroom production. Exploiting these residues for G. frondosa solid culturing would primarily provide edible mushroom and simultaneously help in resolving their disposal problem. The use of corn grains as substrate for spawn production results an important factor for reducing crop cycle time. A cold shock to 10°C was requisite for basidiome formation. Coffee spent-ground was a good substrate for mycelial growth, but not for mushroom production. When using oak sawdust plus corn bran as substrate, we obtained consistent yields with combined high biological efficiency (BE) (35.3%), best quality mushrooms, and a crop cycle of 12–14 weeks. The results achieved in this investigation contribute to expand the knowledge on this fungus, and compare favorably with previous works in the northern hemisphere with respect to BE, mushroom quality and crop cycle time.     

采自祁连山的冷杉侧耳生物学特性及栽培条件探索

以采自甘肃省祁连山国家级自然保护区菌物保育区的野生侧耳作为试验材料,通过形态学及系统发育分析方法将其鉴定为冷杉侧耳Pleurotus abieticola。对该菌株生物学特性及栽培条件进行初步研究,结果表明：菌丝体最适生长温度为25℃;最适pH为7.0;最适碳源为玉米粉;最适氮源为豆粉;在以棉籽壳、木屑和麸皮为栽培料时,可获得子实体。     

Yield and size of oyster mushroom grown on rice/wheat straw basal substrate supplemented with cotton seed hull

Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was cultivated on rice straw basal substrate, wheat straw basal substrate, cotton seed hull basal substrate, and wheat straw or rice straw supplemented with different proportions (15%, 30%, and 45% in rice straw substrate, 20%, 30%, and 40% in wheat straw substrate) of cotton seed hull to find a cost effective substrate. The effect of autoclaved sterilized and non-sterilized substrate on growth and yield of oyster mushroom was also examined. Results indicated that for both sterilized substrate and non-sterilized substrate, oyster mushroom on rice straw and wheat basal substrate have faster mycelial growth rate, comparatively poor surface mycelial density, shorter total colonization period and days from bag opening to primordia formation, lower yield and biological efficiency, lower mushroom weight, longer stipe length and smaller cap diameter than that on cotton seed hull basal substrate. The addition of cotton seed hull to rice straw and wheat straw substrate slowed spawn running, primordial development and fruit body formation. However, increasing the amount of cotton seed hull can increase the uniformity and white of mycelium, yield and biological efficiency, and increase mushroom weight, enlarge cap diameter and shorten stipe length. Compared to the sterilized substrate, the non-sterilized substrate had comparatively higher mycelial growth rate, shorter total colonization period and days from bag opening to primordia formation. However, the non-sterilized substrate did not gave significantly higher mushroom yield and biological efficiency than the sterilized substrate, but some undesirable characteristics, i.e. smaller mushroom cap diameter and relatively long stipe length.     

Studies on the Biology of Macrofungi with Reference to their Cultivation

Nutrition, pH, temperature, moisture, light, and aeration as factors influencing mycelial growth, primordia formation, and development of sporophores of 25 species of basidiomycetous macrofungi were studied, of which 18 species produced normal or nearly normal fruit-bodies in the laboratory. It was found that various agricultural by-products and farm wastes, such as sawdust, wood shavings, fallen leaves, soybean hay, bean pods, corn culms, paddy straw, rice glumes, wild grasses, etc. enriched with 20%–25% by weight of rice or wheatbran, made suitable substrata for most of the lignicolous species investigated with the exception of Tremella fuciformis and Lentinus edodes, and that well fermented dungs of domestic animals, such as horse, cow, pig, sheep, rabbit, and poultry, appeared to be satisfactory substitutes for bran as accelerators for fructification. Yields of carpophores were more or less directly proportional to the percentages of accelerators added to the substratum. The vegetative growth of the majority of species studied took place over a wide pH range of 3.0–8.0, with the optimum at 5–6, while the optimal pH for Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinus edodes, and Hericium erinaceus being about 4.0 and the maximum pH limit for H. erinaceus only 5.4. In Auricularia hispida, the pH range for fructification and that for mycelial growth were almost the same, but in Collybia velutipes and Agaricus bitorquis the pH range for sporogenesis was much more restricted, the optimal being 5–6 and 7–8 respectively. Most of the species investigated produced mycelium within a temperature range of 6–36℃, the optimum being about 24–27℃. However, the optimal temperatures for Auricularia auricula, Poria cocos and Volvariella volvacea var. heimii were found to be 30℃ or more. The temperatures required for sporophore and for primordia formation varied from species to species. While the fruit-bodies of Lentinus edodes and Pleurotus sapidus appeared only after "chilling", temperature fluctuations did not exert any stimu- lating effect on primordia differentiation in some other species. Using the temperature requirement for the initiation of primordia as the criterion, the species studied were grouped into the following categories: (1) high-temperature species, such as Ganoderma lucidum, Pleurotus rhodophyllus, Collybia radicata, Volvariella bombycina, and Volvariella volvacea var. heimii, with their optimum and maximum tem- peratures for primordia initiation exceeding 24℃ and 30℃ respectively; (2) intermediate species, such as Auricularia auricula, Tremella fuciformis, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Pholiota adiposa, Agaricus bitorquis, and Agaricus rubellus, with their maxima not exceeding 28 ℃ and with the optimum lying within 20–24 ℃; and (3) low-temperature species, such as Auricularia hispida, Hericium erinaceus, H. caput-medusae, Pleurotus sapidus, Lentinus edodes, Collybia velutipes, and Agaricus bisporus, with their maxima not exceeding 24 ℃ and with the optimum under 20 ℃. Thus, under natural climatic conditions of a given region, without artificial heating or cooling, it was deemed practicable to arrange, according to the temperature response of the various species, a series of mushroom crops to be grown in rotation the year round. Moisture was found to have considerable influence on vegetative growth as well as reproduction. Most of the lignicolous species grew well on the sawdust medium, which contained 100%–340% by weight of water. Moisture content between 260%–340% was more favourable for fruiting, and several flushes were secured. At 100% moisture, fruiting was considerably delayed and only one flush of poorly developed carpophores was obtained. Aeration also played an important role in basidiocarp development. Stagnant humid air or CO2-laden atmosphere markedly inhibited pileus development, diminishing the size of pilei and causing morphological abnormalities. Adequate supply of fresh air with 80%–90% relative humidity tended to maintain a normal rate of transpiration, thereby guaranteeing a flourishing crop. In some species, such as Ganoderma lucidum, Tremella fuciformis, Pleurotus sapidus, Pleurotus citrinopileatus, Volvariella bombycina, Hericium erinaceus, Auricularia hispida, Armillaria mucida, and Lentinus edodes, light was found to be absolutely necessary. In these species, primordia formation would not commence until exposed to light. Certain other species, such as Auricularia auricula, Pleurotus rhodophyllus, Collybia velutipes, Pholiota adiposa, and Agaricus bitorquis, were able to fructify in total darkness, though their primordia formation was promoted by light. For the normal development and pig- mentation of fruit-bodies, light appeared to be essential. Morphological abnormalities, such as long slender stipes and thin rudimentary pilei occurred in total darkness. Results of experiments indicated that in most of the species studied, light reduced mycelial growth. The inhibitory effect was mainly due to the blue region (380–540 mμ) of the visible spectrum rather than the red region (570–920 mμ). On the contrary, light at the blue end was shown to be most effective and even essential for fructification; the red end being similar to darkness, evoked almost no response. Having analyzed the results obtained, it seems reasonable to assume that the ontogeny of higher Basidiomycetes consists most probably of four developmental stages, viz., (1) the stage of vegetative growth, (2) the stage of primordia initiation, (3) the stage of sporophore development, and (4) the stage of basidiospore formation, each of which has its own physiological characteristics and metabolic speciality.Hence the requirements of the various stages differ considerably.     

Effects of nutrient supplements on biological efficiency, quality and crop cycle time of maitake (Grifola frondosa)

The effects of various combinations of wheat bran, rye and millet (at 20% and 30% of total dry substrate wt) on crop cycle time, biological efficiency (BE) and mushroom quality were evaluated for a commercially used isolate of Grifola frondosa (maitake). Supplements were combined with a basal ingredient of mixed oak (primarily red oak) sawdust, and the resulting mixture was pasteurized, cooled, inoculated and bagged with an autoclaving mixer. Times to mushroom primordial formation and mushroom harvest were recorded, and mushroom quality was rated on a scale of 1-4, where 1 was the highest quality and 4 was the lowest quality. The combinations of 10% wheat bran, 10% millet and 10% rye (BE 47.1%, quality 1.8 and crop cycle 12 weeks) and 10% wheat bran plus 20% rye (BE 44%, quality 1.7 and crop cycle 10 weeks) gave the most consistent yields and best basidiome quality over time.     

Evaluation of edible mushroom Oudemansiella canarii cultivation on different lignocellulosic substrates

In this study, the mycelial growth rate, mycelial colonization time, yield, and biological efficiency of the edible mushroom Oudemansiella canarii were determined, and the effects of different substrate combinations on productivity, chemical contents and amino acids were evaluated. Lignocellulosic wastes, such as cottonseed hull, sawdust, corncob, and their combinations supplemented with 18% wheat bran and 2% lime, were used for the cultivation of O. canarii. The biological efficiency (BE) and essential amino acid content of treatment T1, which consisted of 80% cottonseed hull, were the highest among all the tested treatments. Mixtures that included sawdust, such as treatments T2 (80% sawdust), T4 (40% sawdust + 40% cottonseed hull), and T6 (40% sawdust + 40% corncob), exhibited lower yield and BE. Corncob was good for O. canarii production in terms of yield and BE, whereas the mycelial growth rate and colonization time were lower compared to those on other substrates. Comparing the BE, essential amino acids, and other traits of the six treatments, treatment T1 (80% cottonseed hull) was the best formula for O. canarii cultivation and should be extended in the future.     

脆木耳生物学特性及驯化栽培

对采自海南省白沙县鹦哥岭阔叶树腐木上的标本,根据形态学特征和多基因分析,鉴定为脆木耳Auricularia fibrillifera,经分离纯化获得纯菌株作为实验材料,为了充分利用和开发木耳属资源,首次对该种的生物学特性和驯化栽培进行了研究。研究不同碳源、氮源、无机盐和生长因子在固体培养条件下对脆木耳菌丝生长的影响,对以上4个因素进行单因素试验,从中选出3个最优的水平进行正交试验。结果表明：脆木耳菌丝最适生长温度为33℃,最佳碳源为麦芽糖,最佳氮源为牛肉粉,最佳无机盐添加量为1.5% PO₄^3--1% Mg²⁺,最佳生长因子为玉米汁。驯化栽培过程中,栽培配方为：木屑78%,麸皮20%,石膏粉1%,石灰粉1%,发菌温度为22℃可使脆木耳菌丝在40d左右满袋,且生长旺盛,可培育出子实体。     

寄生于蒙古黄榆上的粗毛纤孔菌生物学特性及驯化栽培

为了研究不同温度、初始pH、碳源和氮源在固体培养条件下对粗毛纤孔菌菌丝生长的影响,对以上4个因素进行单因素试验,从中选出3个最优的水平进行正交试验。结果表明,粗毛纤孔菌的最适生长温度为30℃;最适初始pH为6.5;最适碳源为木糖;最适氮源为酵母浸粉。在玉米、高粱和小麦3种基质中,对原种培养基进行了筛选,实验结果表明高粱和玉米在接种后的第1天和第2天开始萌发,且可更好地促进粗毛纤孔菌菌丝的生长。对粗毛纤孔菌栽培料的3种配方进行了筛选,实验结果表明配方：木屑78%、稻壳2%、玉米粉17%、蔗糖1%、石灰1%、石膏1%、含水量60%-62%的比例为栽培种培养料可使粗毛纤孔菌菌丝在接种28d后长满菌袋,且生长旺盛,可较快地培育出子实体。     

Comparative study on the growth and yield of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Pleurotus ostreatus</Emphasis> mushroom on different lignocellulosic by-products

Eight lignocellulosic by-products were evaluated as substrates for cultivation of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. ex. fr) Kummer. The yields of mushroom on the different substrates were 183.1, 151.8, 111.5, 87.8, 49.5, 23.3, 13.0 and 0.0 g for composted sawdust of Triplochiton scleroxylon, rice straw, banana leaves, maize stover, corn husk, rice husk, fresh sawdust, and elephant grass, respectively. The biological efficiency (BE) followed the same pattern and ranged from 61.0% for composted sawdust to 0.0% for elephant grass. The yield of mushroom was positively correlated to cellulose (r ² =0.6), lignin (r ² =0.7) and fibre (r ² =0.7) contents of the substrates. Based on the yield and BE of the substrates tested, rice straw appeared to be the best alternate substrate for growing oyster mushrooms. Electronic Publication     

Proteomics of two cultivated mushrooms Sparassis crispa and Hericium erinaceum provides insight into their numerous functional protein components and diversity

Mushroom can be defined as a macrofungus with a distinctive fruiting body. Mushrooms of class Basidiomycete are primarily wood degradation fungi, but serve as food and a part of traditional medicine used by humans. Although their life cycle is fairly well-established, the information on the molecular components, especially proteins are very limited. Here, we report proteomics analysis of two edible mushrooms (fruiting bodies) Sparassis crispa and Hericium erinaceum using one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (1-DGE and 2-DGE) based complementary proteomics approaches. 1-DGE coupled with liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry identified 77 (60 nonredundant proteins) and 121 (88 nonredundant proteins) proteins from S. crispa and H. erinaceum, respectively. 2-DGE analysis revealed 480 and 570 protein spots stained with colloidal coomassie brilliant blue in S. crispa and H. erinaceum, respectively. Of the 71 and 115 selected protein spots from S. crispa and H. erinaceum 2D gel blots on polyvinyldifluoride (PVDF) membranes, respectively, 29 and 35 nonredundant proteins were identified by N-terminal amino acid sequencing. Identified nonredundant proteins from 1- or 2-DGE belonged to 19 functional categories. Twenty-one proteins were found common in both S. crispa and H. erinaceum proteomes, including 14-3-3 protein and septin. Together this study provides evidence for the presence of a large number of functionally diverse proteins, expressed in the fruiting body of two economically important mushrooms, S. crispa and H. erinaceum. Data obtained from 1-DGE and 2-DGE analyses is accessible through the mushroom proteomics portal http://foodfunc.agr.ibaraki.ac.jp/mushprot.html.     

毛榆孔菌的固体培养、驯化栽培及其纤维素酶活性研究

毛榆孔菌Elmerina hispida在生长过程中分泌出一种很重要的酶——纤维素酶,纤维素酶在工业废水处理、有机颜料脱色等方面具有重要的利用价值。为充分开发利用毛榆孔菌这一野生资源,本研究采用十字画线法测定不同碳源、氮源、pH和温度对毛榆孔菌菌丝生长的影响,从4个单因素试验中选取3个最优水平进行正交试验。研究结果表明,毛榆孔菌菌丝的最适生长碳源是可溶性淀粉,最适生长氮源是酵母膏,最适温度是25℃,最适pH 7.0。驯化栽培的栽培基质为78%木屑,20%麦麸,1%石灰,1%石膏（质量比）,30d左右出现原基,40d以后原基分化,形成子实体。通过测定毛榆孔菌在栽培过程中4个不同时期的纤维素酶,发现酶活力最高可达805.63U/g。本试验成功对毛榆孔菌进行了人工驯化栽培,为该菌进一步的研究和开发提供参考。     

The influence of spawn type and strain on yield, size and mushroom solids content of Agaricus bisporus produced on non-composted and spent mushroom compost

Two crops of Agaricus bisporus (J. Lange) Imbach were grown on mixtures of non-composted substrate (NCS)/spent mushroom compost (SMC) or pasteurized Phase II compost (control). NCS consisted of oak sawdust (28% oven dry wt), millet (29%), rye (8%), peat (8%), ground alfalfa (4%), ground soybean (4%), wheat bran (9%), and CaCO3 (10%). Substrates included 25/75 NCS/SMC, 50/50 NCS/SMC, and 75/25 NCS/SMC, NCS and Phase II compost. Spawn types and strains were evaluated for their effects on yield, biological efficiency (BE), size and mushroom solids content. Spawn types included millet, casing inoculum (CI), 50/50 CI/millet, or NCS while mushroom strains were of the brown or hybrid off-white variety (U1 type). Mushroom yields and BEs on substrate mixtures of NCS and SMC were comparable to non-supplemented Phase II compost. The highest yield (12.8 kg/m2) and BE (70.9%) were produced on a substrate mixture of 50/50 NCS/SMC and spawn type NCS. Mushroom solids content (7.1%) was highest from the brown strain produced on a 50/50 mixture of NCS/SMC.     

Erinacol (cyatha-3,12-dien-14beta-ol) and 11-O-acetylcyathin A3, new cyathane metabolites from an erinacine Q-producing Hericium erinaceum

In our search for new cyathane metabolites related to the biosynthesis of erinacine Q in Hericium erinaceum, we isolated a novel cyatha-3,12-dien-14beta-ol named erinacol together with known 11-O-acetylcyathatriol (the erinacine Q aglycon) and new metabolite 11-O-acetylcyathin A(3) from the mycelial extract. The structure of each compound was determined by spectral methods. Possible biosynthetic relationships of these metabolites are discussed from their structural features.     

絮缘蘑菇生物学特性及驯化栽培

对采自祁连山地区的一株野生食用菌进行分离,通过形态学及其ITS序列的分子系统发育分析鉴定为絮缘蘑菇Agaricus subfloccosus。以分离纯化获得的菌株作为实验材料,对该种的生物学特性和驯化栽培进行研究。检测了不同碳源、氮源、温度、pH、无机盐、维生素在固体培养条件下对絮缘蘑菇菌丝生长的影响,对以上6个因素进行单因素试验,从中挑选出3个较优因素的最优水平进行正交试验。结果表明：实验范围内,絮缘蘑菇菌丝生长最佳碳源为蔗糖,最佳氮源为硝酸钾,最佳无机盐为硫酸镁,最佳维生素为VB₁₂,最佳温度为16℃,最佳pH为6。影响较大的3个因素为碳源、无机盐和pH,絮缘蘑菇最适的营养因子最佳组合配方为：蔗糖25g/L,硝酸钾2g/L,硫酸镁2g/L,pH为5.0。驯化栽培过程中,栽培配方为：木屑79%、高粱籽5%、玉米面5%、石膏1%、麸皮10%。温度16℃使絮缘蘑菇菌丝在90d左右满袋,覆土可培育出子实体。     

PlantGI: a database for searching gene indices in agricultural plants developed at NIAB, Korea

The Plant Gene Index (PlantGI) database is developed as a web-based search system with search capabilities for keywords to provide information on gene indices specifically for agricultural plants. The database contains specific Gene Index information for ten agricultural species, namely, rice, Chinese cabbage, wheat, maize, soybean, barley, mushroom, Arabidopsis, hot pepper and tomato. PlantGI differs from other Gene Index databases in being specific to agricultural plant species and thus complements services from similar other developments. The database includes options for interactive mining of EST CONTIGS and assembled EST data for user specific keyword queries. The current version of PlantGI contains a total of 34,000 EST CONTIGS data for rice (8488 records), wheat (8560 records), maize (4570 records), soybean (3726 records), barley (3417 records), Chinese cabbage (3602 records), tomato (1236 records), hot pepper (998 records), mushroom (130 records) and Arabidopsis (8 records). AVAILABILITY: The database is available for free at http://www.niab.go.kr/nabic/.     

An endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-suppressive compound and its analogues from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum

Three new compounds, 3-hydroxyhericenone F (1), hericenone I (2), and hericenone J (3), were isolated from the mushroom Hericium erinaceum. The structures of 1-3 were determined by the interpretation of spectral data. Compound 1 showed the protective activity against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-dependent Neuro2a cell death, however, compounds 2 and 3 did not.