临床专升本急救医学临床见习方法的研究

目的:探讨PBL(以问题为中心的教学法)结合计算机模拟教学在临床专升本急救医学临床见习中的教学效果.方法:对我院80名临床专升本学生急救医学临床见习采用PBL结合计算机模拟教学的方法,设计急救医学中常见的多发伤、急性脑血管病与心肺复苏病例,比较见习前后的教学效果;发放调查问卷,调查学生对教学方法的态度.结果:应用PBL结合计算机模拟教学见习前后的多发伤分别为68.4±8.1和85.7±7.6;急性脑血管病71.4±8.2和83.2±7.6;心肺复苏理论72.6±8.7和87.3±9.2;和心肺复苏技能成绩70.2±8.6和89.5±9.4,(P<0.05);98.7%的学生喜欢PBL结合计算机模拟教学法.97.5%认为PBL结合计算机模拟教学法加深了学习能力和实践能力.结论:在临床专升本急救医学临床见习中采用PBL结合计算机模拟教学可以提高学生的学习成绩,促进实践能力和团队精神的培养.     

PBL教学法在肾科临床见习中的应用

目的:探讨以问题为基础的教学法(Problem Based learning,PBL)在肾科临床见习教学中的应用价值。方法:首都医科大学宣武医院63名参加内科学肾脏病临床见习的七年制学生随机分成对照组和观察组,对照组采用传统的基于授课的教学法进行教学,观察组用PBL教学法进行教学,比较2组学习成绩的差异;向学生发放问卷调查,调查学生对2种教学方法的认可程度。结果:2组学生的填空题、选择题及简答题成绩比较无显著性差异(P0.05);观察组病例分析题成绩好于对照组(P=0.001);培养临床思维、激发学习兴趣方面和自主学习能力方面PBL教学法优于传统教学法(P0.01)。结论:PBL教学法有助于学生临床思维和临床技能的培养,从而使教学质量得到提高。     

PBL教学法在肾科临床见习中的应用

目的：探讨以问题为基础的教学法（Problem Based learning,PBL）在肾科临床见习教学中的应用价值。方法：首都医科大学宣武医院63名参加内科学肾脏病临床见习的七年制学生随机分成对照组和观察组,对照组采用传统的基于授课的教学法进行教学,观察组用PBL教学法进行教学,比较2组学习成绩的差异;向学生发放问卷调查,调查学生对2种教学方法的认可程度。结果：2组学生的填空题、选择题及简答题成绩比较无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;观察组病例分析题成绩好于对照组（P=0.001）;培养临床思维、激发学习兴趣方面和自主学习能力方面PBL教学法优于传统教学法（P〈0.01）。结论：PBL教学法有助于学生临床思维和临床技能的培养,从而使教学质量得到提高。     

PBL教学法在内科学临床见习教学中的临床应用

目的:研究以问题为基础(PBL)教学法在内科学临床见习教学中的临床应用,为临床带教提供依据。方法:选取2015年9月到2016年1月我院内科学临床见习学生200例,按照随机数字表法将学生分为研究组和对照组,每组100例,研究组给予PBL教学方法,对照组给予普通教学方法,见习结束后以考试和问卷调查的形式进行考察,比较两组教学效果。结果:研究组总分及病历分析得分显著高于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),两组基础知识得分比较无统计学意义(P0.05);问卷调查显示:研究组综合分析能力、自主学习能力、探索创新能力及教学满意程度均显著高于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PBL教学方法能提高学生病历分析能力,综合分析能力、自主学习能力、探索创新能力及教学满意程度,教学效果显著。     

PBL联合模拟教学在儿科泌尿系统疾病临床见习中的应用

目的探讨问题导向教学法(Problem-based learning,PBL)联合案例教学法(Case-based learning,CBL)在儿科泌尿系统疾病临床见习效果。方法将53名临床医学专业学生随机分为实验组27名,采用PBL联合CBL教学模式;对照组26名采用传统教学模式。对比两组学生在见习课结束时的测试成绩。结果与传统教学方法相比,PBL联合CBL教学模式在儿科泌尿系统疾病临床见习教学成绩更优(t=2.830,P=0.007)。结论 PBL联合CBL教学模式在临床医学专业学生儿科泌尿系统疾病临床见习中的教学效果满意。     

PBL教学联合情景模拟教学在妇科护理实践教学中的应用

目的探讨PBL教学联合情景模拟教学在妇科护理实践教学中的效果。方法将112名妇科实习的护生随机分为对照组和观察组,对照组实施传统教学,观察组实施PBL教学联合情景模拟教学,观察比较两组教学效果。结果观察组在技能考核成绩、自我评价和教学效果反馈方面均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 PBL教学法联合情景模拟教学在妇科护理实践教学中的效果满意。     

CBL教学法在传染病本科见习带教中的应用探讨

目的评估案例教学法(CBL)在传染病见习课的教学质量。方法将2018年1～12月在我院传染科见习的本科生120名随机分为对照组和实验组,每组60名,分别接受传统教学法及CBL教学法。教学结束后对两组学生进行考核,以评价教学效果,并比较两组学生对教学质量的评价。结果在四项教学效果评价指标中,理论考核成绩、病例考核成绩及临床综合能力方面比较,实验组明显高于对照组(均P0.05),而技能考核成绩比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。教学效果评价中实验组学生在对教学方法满意度、学习兴趣及提高临床综合能力方面高于对照组(P0.05)。结论 CBL教学法在传染病见习带教中取得较好的效果,有利提高教学质量。     

PBL联合CBL教学方法在胃肠外科临床见习教学中的应用

目的:探讨PBL联合CBL教学模式在医学生胃肠外科见习教学中的应用效果.方法:选取50名2008级胃肠外科见习医学生作为研究对象,将其随机分成两组:实验组采用PBL联合CBL教学模式,对照组则仅采用传统LBL教学模式.通过出科考核及问卷调查两种方式评价胃肠外科见习教学效果.结果:显示PBL+ CBL组的考试成绩要明显优于LBL组,差异有统计学意义(P＜ 0.05),并且见习后的问卷调查结果提示学生对PBL+ CBL的教学模式满意度较高.结论:我们的研究结果表明PBL+ CBL双轨教学模式受到学生欢迎,在提高学生理论知识水平方面比LBL模式更为有效.     

PBL教学法联合病案式在心血管内科教学查房中的临床应用

目的:探讨问题为中心的(PBL)教学法联合病案式在心血管内科教学查房中的临床应用。方法:选取我院2010级临床医学专业本科学生48人,依据随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,选择具有丰富教学经验且从事教学工作10年以上的教师进行心血管内科的授课,选择具有代表性的临床病例进行讲解,对照组采用传统知识传授型(LBL)教学法,观察组采用PBL教学法,授课3周后,评价两组学生的考试成绩、临床操作技能和课程满意度。结果:考试成绩结果显示观察组基础知识得分与对照组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而病例分析和临床操作结果显示观察组得分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组对课程的满意度为83.33%,对照组为54.17%,观察组显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:PBL教学法联合病案式在心血管内科教学查房中较LBL具有显著的优势,值得在临床实习教学工作中推广应用。     

情境教学法与模拟人在七年制临床诊断见习课中的应用

目的:探讨情境教学法与模拟人在七年制临床诊断见习课中应用的效果。方法:选取2014年9月-2015年2月首都医科大学宣武医院七年制医学生60人,随机分为实验组和对照组,每组30人。实验组采用情境教学法,并配合医学模拟人训练。课程结业后发放学生调查问卷,统计平时测试和期末考试成绩。结果:实验组学生学习兴趣及满意度高于对照组;实验组平时查体技能与病历分析成绩均好于对照组(8.5±0.6比7.0±0.7,8.6±0.9比7.1±1.0,均P0.05),期末全身查体技能及理论试卷成绩也高于对照组(253.5±7.4比241.7±9.9,87.1±3.9比79.2±5.9,均P0.05)。将平时测试和期末考试成绩按比例计算本门的考核成绩,实验组考核成绩高于对照组(88.5±2.2比80.3±3.0,P0.05)。结论:在临床诊断见习课中应用情境教学法与模拟人训练可提高七年制医学生的学习兴趣和考核成绩。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.