共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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根据生长内分泌学,综述了近年来两栖和爬行类生长激素(GH)分泌活动的调节及生长激素在两栖爬行类生长中作用这一研究领域所取得的主要成就和研究进展,研究结果表明:在脊椎动物的进化过程中,GH的化学结构和功能是相当保守的;GH对两栖爬行类的生长起促进作用;类胰岛素生长因子(IGFs)也能冰分传递GH促进两栖类的生长;在两栖爬行类,下丘脑对GH分泌的调控较哺乳类缺乏特异性,利用外源GH促进两栖爬行类的生长 相似文献
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Shengbin Chen Gaoming Jiang Jinlong Zhang Yonggeng Li Hong Qian 《Ecological Research》2011,26(5):949-956
Spatial turnover of species lies at the heart of macroecology and conservation biogeography. However, our knowledge of the
causes of species turnover remains poor, particularly for herpetofaunas including amphibians and reptiles. Here, using regression,
variance partitioning, and hierarchical partitioning analyses, we examine the relationships of species turnover in herpetofaunas
among provinces in eastern China with respect to geographic distance and environmental difference. We found that species turnover
in herpetofaunas is moderately to strongly correlated with geographic distance and difference in most environmental variables
examined between provinces. Geographic distance and environmental difference together explain 87.1 and 89.9% of the variance
of species turnover for amphibians and reptiles, respectively. Variance partitioning analysis indicated that most variance
in species turnover is explained by the joint effect of geographic distance and environmental difference. Beyond this shared
variance, environmental difference is a stronger predictor of species turnover than geographic distance, particularly for
reptiles. Hierarchical partitioning analysis showed that energy-related variables explained more variance in species turnover
for both amphibians and reptiles, compared with water-related variables. The independent effects of water-related variables
are slightly higher for amphibians than for reptiles whereas the independent effects of energy-related variables are slightly
higher for reptiles than amphibians. These patterns are consistent with different ecophysiological requirements of the two
taxa. Our results have important implications for predicting changes in biodiversity of herpetofaunas under climate change
scenarios. Global warming will affect the immigration and local extinction of both amphibians and reptiles, and precipitation
change may affect amphibians more strongly, compared with its effect on reptiles. 相似文献
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Tadashi Oishi Kiyoko Nagai Yumiko Harada Mayumi Naruse Masumi Ohtani Emi Kawano Satoshi Tamotsu 《Biological Rhythm Research》2004,35(1):105-120
Circadian rhythms of amphibians and reptiles in the field and under semi-natural conditions and the underlying mechanisms, including the ways of entrainment to environmental cues and the oscillators driving the rhythms, have been reviewed. Studies on the behavioral rhythms in the field are meager in both amphibians and reptiles. In anuran amphibians, Xenopus adults showed more robust nocturnal locomotor activity than did tadpoles. This indicates the ecological significance of the differences in activity pattern shown by amphibians at different life stages, because differences between adults and young in the same environment may serve to isolate partially the young from the adults' cannibalism. In reptiles, free-running rhythms are more robust and continue for a longer time compared to amphibians. In both amphibians and reptiles, multi-photoreceptors are involved in photo-entrainment of circadian rhythms. The eyes, pineal complex and deep brain comprise a multi-oscillator system as well as a multi-photoreceptor system. 相似文献
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贵州大沙河自然保护区两栖爬行动物多样性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对贵州道真县大沙河保护区的两栖爬行动物进行了3次调查研究。共采获两栖动物2目8科15属27种(亚种),占贵州省两栖动物总种数62种(亚种)的43.5%;爬行动物3目10科(亚科)28属34种(亚种),占贵州省爬行动物总种数104种的32.7%。从物种组成和区系分析,本保护区的两栖动物以无尾目的蛙科为主,共12种,占保护区内总种数27种的44.4%;主要区系成分为东洋界的华中区种,共11种,占保护区总种数的40.74%;其物种的组成与中国及贵州的两栖动物区系特点一致。爬行动物以游蛇科为其主要组成部分,共有17种,占该保护区爬行动物种数的50.0%;这一特征与我国以及贵州爬行动物的组成特征是基本一致的。但是大沙河地区爬行动物组成中,蝮亚科有2属5种,居第2位,与我国以及贵州的爬行动物组成特点不同,故蝮亚科为构成该区爬行动物区系的主要特征成分之一。本文还运用G-F指数对大沙河自然保护区的两栖爬行动物进行科属间的物种多样性分析。结果表明爬行动物的科内和科间的多样性较高,属内和属间的多样性较低,G-F指数为正值;两栖动物的科内和科间的多样性较低,属内和属间的多样性较高,G—F指数为负值。 相似文献
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湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物资源调查 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2002年6~9月对湖北星斗山国家级自然保护区的两栖、爬行动物资源进行了调查,结合文献资料,该保护区现已知有两栖、爬行动物80种,其中两栖动物38种,隶属2目9科22属;爬行动物42种,隶属2目11科31属.国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物大鲵Andrias davidianus、虎纹蛙Hoplobatrachus rugulosus 2种;湖北省重点保护动物35种,占湖北省重点保护两栖爬行动物的75%.被列入<中国濒危动物红皮书>的两栖、爬行动物有21种(极危物种1种,濒危物种6种,易危物种11种,依赖保护物种1种,需予关注物种2种).对两栖爬行动物的种类组成和区系进行了分析,并提出了保护措施. 相似文献
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河北衡水湖两栖爬行动物的多样性及保护 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
衡水湖保护区有两栖爬行动物22种,其中,两栖动物2目4科4属7种,爬行动物2目5科10属15种。对两栖爬行动物资源的保护进行了探讨。 相似文献
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Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León Luis García-Prieto Ulises Razo-Mendivil 《Diversity & distributions》2002,8(4):211-218
Abstract. Amphibians and reptiles represent an important group of vertebrates in Mexico; on a global scale 10% of the biodiversity of these groups is found in the country, attaining extraordinarily high levels of endemism (60.7% and 53.7%, respectively). However, fewer than 20% of the known species of amphibians and reptiles in Mexico have been surveyed for helminths, so the inventory is far from complete. We assembled a data base that includes a total of 1246 records (entries) of which 460 correspond to helminths in amphibians and 786 to helminths in reptiles. In total, only 41 species of amphibians (14% of those occurring in Mexico) and only 118 species of reptiles (17% of those occurring in Mexico) have been studied for helminth parasites. From amphibians, 119 species of helminths belonging to 60 genera have been recorded, while 239 species of helminths representing 113 genera have been described from Mexican reptiles. One feature of the distribution of helminths of Mexican amphibians and reptiles is its asymmetry, as seen in representation of helminth groups, host groups and geographical range. However, such statistical asymmetry might be an artefact of sampling effort. Based on our data, we estimate that if all the herpetofauna of Mexico could be studied in the following years, approximately 827 additional species of helminths from amphibians and approximately 1403 from reptiles would be described. 相似文献
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In the Wadden Sea, in total, 8 species of amphibians and 4 species of reptiles are threatened in at least one subregion. Of
these, 7 species of amphibians and all 4 species of reptiles are threatened in the entire area and are therefore placed on
the trilateral Red List. 1 species of the listed reptiles is (probably) extinct in the entire Wadden Sea area. The status
of 1 species of amphibians is endangered, the status of (probably) 4 species of amphibians and 3 species of reptiles are vulnerable
and of 2 species of amphibians susceptible.
This list forms part of the Report on the RED LISTS OF BIOTOPES, FLORA AND FAUNA OF THE TRILATERAL WADDEN SEA AREA. For basic
information concerning, for example, function of these lists, species taken into account, structure of the lists and abbreviations
used, see also the general introduction to the Red Lists. 相似文献
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湖北神农架国家级自然保护区两栖爬行动物物种多样性 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
对神农架自然保护区两栖爬行动物进行调查,整理了神农架自然保护区两栖爬行动物名录共71种,新发现湖北省新分布种6种,其中腾格里蛙Rana tenggerensis Zhao,Macey et Papenfuss、宁陕小头蛇 Oligodon ningshaanensis Yuan离原分布区较远,神农架新分布种3种,神农架两栖爬行动物的区系特征以东洋界(74.69%)为主,广布种(18.31%)、古北界(7%)种类次之,体现了南北混杂的特点.随着海拔的升高,两栖爬行动物生物多样性总体呈下降趋势,400~1600 m两栖爬行动物生物多样性最高,随海拔下降的趋势不明显,1900 m以上多样性急剧下降. 相似文献
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A long‐standing macroecological hypothesis posits that species range limits are primarily determined by abiotic factors (e.g. climate) at poleward boundaries and biotic factors (e.g. competition) at equatorward boundaries. Using correlative environmental niche models we test this hypothesis for 214 amphibian and reptile species endemic to the United States (U.S.). As predicted, we find a closer association between climate and northern (poleward) range limits than at southern (equatorward) boundaries. However when we separately analyze amphibians and reptiles, only reptiles show the predicted pattern; amphibians show the opposite pattern. We also find more unoccupied, but climatically habitable, area beyond species’ southern range limits for reptiles but not amphibians. This suggests that factors other than climate limit distributions at southern boundaries for reptiles and at northern boundaries for amphibians. These contrasting results suggest that even in the same biogeographic regions, this macroecological hypothesis does not hold. Further studies should investigate, preferably via experimental approaches, the proximate and ultimate mechanisms responsible for range limits. 相似文献
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Jason L. Brown Neftali Sillero Frank Glaw Parfait Bora David R. Vieites Miguel Vences 《PloS one》2016,11(1)
Madagascar has become a model region for testing hypotheses of species diversification and biogeography, and many studies have focused on its diverse and highly endemic herpetofauna. Here we combine species distribution models of a near-complete set of species of reptiles and amphibians known from the island with body size data and a tabulation of herpetofaunal communities from field surveys, compiled up to 2008. Though taxonomic revisions and novel distributional records arose since compilation, we are confident that the data are appropriate for inferring and comparing biogeographic patterns among these groups of organisms. We observed species richness of both amphibians and reptiles was highest in the humid rainforest biome of eastern Madagascar, but reptiles also show areas of high richness in the dry and subarid western biomes. In several amphibian subclades, especially within the Mantellidae, species richness peaks in the central eastern geographic regions while in reptiles different subclades differ distinctly in their richness centers. A high proportion of clades and subclades of both amphibians and reptiles have a peak of local endemism in the topographically and bioclimatically diverse northern geographic regions. This northern area is roughly delimited by a diagonal spanning from 15.5°S on the east coast to ca. 15.0°S on the west coast. Amphibian diversity is highest at altitudes between 800–1200 m above sea-level whereas reptiles have their highest richness at low elevations, probably reflecting the comparatively large number of species specialized to the extended low-elevation areas in the dry and subarid biomes. We found that the range sizes of both amphibians and reptiles strongly correlated with body size, and differences between the two groups are explained by the larger body sizes of reptiles. However, snakes have larger range sizes than lizards which cannot be readily explained by their larger body sizes alone. Range filling, i.e., the amount of suitable habitat occupied by a species, is less expressed in amphibians than in reptiles, possibly reflecting their lower dispersal capacity. Taxonomic composition of communities assessed by field surveys is largely explained by bioclimatic regions, with communities from the dry and especially subarid biomes distinctly differing from humid and subhumid biomes. 相似文献