反义前S／S基因转移表达抗乙型肝炎病毒的研究

为了观察反义基因转录表达抗乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）的作用,将HBVayw前S／S基因（PreS／S）片段反向插入逆转录病毒载体质粒,构建preS／S反义基因重组体,经转染PA317细胞后,获得重组逆转录病毒颗粒。用重组病毒转导2．2．15细胞后,第3天即可见细胞培养上清HBV表面抗原（HBsAg）和e抗原（HBeAg）表达量减少,到转导后第5天,细胞培养上清中的HBsAg和HBeAg表达量降到最低水平,HBsAg抑制率为71％,HBeAg抑制率为27％,抑制作用至少可持续到转导后第11天。空载及正向插入基因的重组逆转录病毒转导对2,2．15细胞内HBV抗原表达无抑制作用。     

反义前S/S基因转移表达抗乙型肝炎病毒的研究

为了观察反义基因转录表达抗乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)的作用,将HBV ayw前S/S基因(preS/S)片段反向插入逆转录病毒载体质粒,构建preS/S反义基因重组体,经转染PA317细胞后,获得重组逆转录病毒颗粒.用重组病毒转导2.2.15细胞后,第3天即可见细胞培养上清HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)和e抗原(HBeAg)表达量减少,到转导后第5天,细胞培养上清中的HBsAg和HBeAg表达量降到最低水平,HBsAg抑制率为71%,HBeAg抑制率为27%,抑制作用至少可持续到转导后第11天.空载及正向插入基因的重组逆转录病毒转导对2.2.15细胞内HBV抗原表达无抑制作用.     

LMO3逆转录病毒表达载体的构建及其对SK-N-AS细胞增殖的影响

目的构建包含LM03（LIM-only3,LM03）全长基因的逆转录病毒表达载体,感染人神经母细胞瘤SK-N-AS,检测LM03对SK-N-AS细胞增殖的影响。方法将质粒pEGFP-Cl-一LM03经EcoRI和BamHI双酶切后亚克隆至逆转录病毒载体pLXSN,构建重组逆转录病毒表达载体pLXSN-LMO3,导人包装细胞pA317,获得逆转录病毒颗粒,感染SK-N-AS细胞,用RT-PCR及Western印迹鉴定,检测LM03感染后细胞的增殖及细胞周期分布情况。结果获得了能正确表达LM03基因的重组逆转录病毒表达载体pLX-SN-LMO3;LM03基因被逆转录病毒成功导入SK-N-AS细胞后,与对照组细胞相比,LM03感染组G1／G1期细胞减少,S期细胞增加,感染48h后,LM03感染组细胞的增殖能力显著高于空载体对照组及SK-N．AS组（P〈0．05）。结论成功构建了LM03基因的逆转录病毒表达载体,LMO3可以通过促进SK-N-AS细胞由G0／G1期进入S期,从而促进细胞的增殖。     

靶向HBs基因的shRNA表达载体的构建及其抑制HepG2.2.15表达HBVsAg的作用

探索用PGenesil-1(Pg)构建的靶向乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)基因的shRNA表达载体PGenesil-1-HBs(简称Pgs),对体外培养HepG2.2.15细胞中的HBV基因及其抗原表达的抑制作用.设计、合成靶向HBV S区的3对DNA序列,分别插入PGenesil-1中构建3个siRNA表达载体Pgs1、Pgs2、Pgs3,经限制性内切酶,DNA序列测定等技术鉴定确认.筛选并确定最佳细胞接种量及重组质粒转染量后,分别或按不同组合转染HepG-2.2.15细胞,48 h后采用半定量RT-PCR检测HBVsmRNA转录水平,免疫细胞化学技术检测HBsAg表达水平,MEIA分别检测细胞裂解液和培养上清中HBsAg和HBeAg的表达水平.结果表明,HBV真核表达载体Pgs1、Pgs2、Pgs3均能不同程度地抑制HepG2.2.15细胞中的HBsAg、HBeAg合成和HBs-mRNA转录.成功构建的HBV真核表达载体Pgs1、Pgs2、Pgs3,其中PgS3能显著抑制HBsAg表达(P＜0.01).多种表达载体联合对抗原表达的抑制作用效率不同.     

联合应用siRNA和拉米夫定抑制HBV复制和表达的实验研究

观察联合应用小干扰RNA和拉米夫定对HepG2.2.15细胞中HBV抗原表达和复制的抑制作用。构建并转染重组质粒psil-HBV到HepG2.2.15细胞中。转染后的细胞培养基中加入拉米夫定(0.05μm),分别于48、72、96 h收获细胞。用ELISA方法检测HBeAg和HBsAg;HBV DNA水平用实时定量PCR测定;用逆转录PCR检测HBV mRNA水平。96 h后联合应用小干扰RNA和拉米夫定组细胞培养上清中HBeAg和HBsAg抑制率分别为91.8%和82.4%(P<0.05);HBV mRNA表达水平明显降低。HepG2.2.15细胞中联合应用小干扰RNA和拉米夫定对HBV复制的抑制作用比单独应用siRNA或拉米夫定更有效。     

人工microRNA抗乙型肝炎病毒效果初探

目的:设计靶向乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)基因保守区的人工microRNA(amiRNA),考察其对HBV基因表达的抑制作用。方法:比对HBV全基因组现有序列,选择保守区设计amiRNA,定向克隆到pcDNA6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR载体,将amiRNA载体与HBV复制载体pHBV1.31共转染HepG2细胞,72 h后收取细胞上清,ELISA检测HBV表面抗原(HBsAg)及e抗原(HBeAg)的含量,荧光定量PCR检测HBV DNA含量。结果:amiRNA可显著抑制细胞上清HBsAg、HBeAg和HBV DNA的水平。结论:amiRNA作为防治HBV感染的潜在有效手段之一值得进一步深入研究。     

人Sema4C重组腺病毒载体的构建及其在小鼠成肌细胞系C2C12中的表达

利用Ad5腺病毒载体系统构建人Sema4C基因重组腺病毒表达载体并在成肌细胞系C2C12中表达,并初步探讨Sema4C基因在成肌发育过程中的可能作用。利用脂质体介导重组腺病毒载体转染HEK293细胞,包装出完整的腺病毒;将重组腺病毒载体感染C2C12成肌细胞后,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察发现12h即有绿色荧光表达,24h后绿色荧光蛋白表达最强;流式细胞仪检测病毒的感染效率几乎达100%。WB检测结果表明感染重组腺病毒载体组C2C12细胞Sema4C蛋白的表达量明显高于空载体对照组（P<0.01）。为了进一步观察Sema4C基因对C2C12细胞增殖分化的影响,流式细胞仪检测了病毒感染48h后C2C12细胞的增殖指数,并对感染后诱导分化的C2C12细胞的分化情况进行了观察。我们的结果首次表明,过表达外源性人Sema4C基因不仅能使C2C12细胞的G0/G1期比例增加,细胞的增殖指数下降,同时在分化培养条件下还能促进C2C12细胞肌管的形成。     

抗HBcAg人源性单链抗体细胞内表达及其抗病毒复制的实验研究

应用人源性抗HBcAg单链抗体细胞内表达技术,探讨抗HBV复制基因治疗的应用价值.应用噬菌体展示和基因重组技术,从HBV感染的外周血淋巴细胞克隆了人源性抗HBcAg单链抗体,并重组至逆转录病毒载体.以人肝癌细胞smmc-7721和PLC/PRF/5为靶细胞进行基因共转染,分别测定实验组细胞上清中的HBsAg和HBeAg,与对照组做比较,观察抗HBcAg单链抗体细胞内表达的抗病毒治疗作用.结果显示,在急性HBV感染的细胞株中,抑制病毒复制效率为49%～61%,在慢性病毒感染细胞,抑制率为41%～54%.实验结果表明,应用单链抗体细胞内表达技术,在抗病毒治疗研究中具有潜在的应用价值.应对HBV的4个开放阅读框架编码产物进行全面的对比研究,以发现抑制效率高、实用价值大的靶基因.     

Pmscv-Ubc9逆转录病毒表达载体的构建及产毒细胞系的建立

目的：构建含Ubc9的逆转录病毒表达载体,筛选建立携带该基因的高滴度产毒细胞系,深入研究SUMO化修饰的作用。方法：聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增获取目的基因Ubc9,定向插入逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCVneo,形成重组质粒pMSCV-Ubc9;脂质体法将pMSCV-Ubc9转染逆转录病毒包装细胞PT67;G418筛选产毒细胞克隆,扩大培养产毒细胞克隆,收获病毒感染NIH3T3细胞。结果：限制性酶切和测序鉴定证实Ubc9正确插入逆转录病毒表达载体。G418筛选获得稳定产毒的抗性细胞克隆,收获病毒能有效感染NIH3T3细胞。结论：携带Ubc9基因的重组逆转录病毒表达载体pMSCV-Ubc9构建成功,转染PT67细胞后包装出重组逆转录病毒,进而筛选获得了能转录表达Ubc9的产毒细胞系PT67-Ubc9。     

多种小分子干扰RNA联合抑制乙型肝炎病毒的体外研究

小分子干扰RNA(siRNA)能够在哺乳动物细胞中引起包括病毒基因在内的基因沉默。为了研究多种siRNA联合应用在体外抑制乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)复制中的效果,本研究设计了12种针对不同HBV靶点的siRNA,转染可稳定分泌HBV颗粒的HepG22．2．15细胞,并采用了酶联免疫法检测上清液中HBsAg和HBeAg的含量,实时定量PCR法检测细胞中HBV的DNA含量。结果发现这12种分子均能在不同程度上抑制病毒复制。进一步研究表明它们对HBV的抑制作用在一定程度上存在剂量效应和协同作用,单分子siRNA在80nmol／L处对HBsAg和HBeAg的抑制率分别可达到约80％和60％,而多分子siRNA组合在20nmol／L处对HBsAg就能达到90％的抑制率,但对HBeAg表达的抑制率提高不明显。单分子siRNA在80nmol／L处对HBVDNA复制的抑制率可达到90％以上,而多分子siRNA组合在20nmol／L处对DNA含量就能达到约90％的抑制率。本研究的结果为进一步开发新的联合应用多种siRNA治疗HBV的途径打下了基础。     

贺谈老百岁华诞

谈家桢教授是国际著名遗传学家,我国现代遗传学的奠基人之一,他也是一位卓越的教育家和社会活动家。 1909年9月15日,谈家桢先生出生于浙江宁波。他就读于苏州东吴大学,1930年获理学学士学位。随后赴北京燕京大学攻读硕士学位,导师是我国现代遗传学奠基人之一的李汝祺教授,1932年获硕士学位。经导师推荐,谈家桢先生赴美国深造,师从当代遗传学宗师摩尔根,在遗传学家杜布赞斯基的指导下完成博士研究生学业,于1936年获美国加州理工学院哲学博士学位。     

Complement components C5 and C7: recombinant factor I modules of C7 bind to the C345C domain of C5

Studies reported over 30 years ago revealed that latent, nonactivated C5 binds specifically and reversibly to C6 and C7. These reversible reactions are distinct from the essentially nonreversible associations with activated C5b that occur during assembly of the membrane attack complex, but they likely involve some, perhaps many, of the same molecular contacts. We recently reported that these reversible reactions are mediated by the C345C (NTR) domain at the C terminus of the C5 alpha-chain. Earlier work by others localized the complementary binding sites to a tryptic fragment of C6 composed entirely of two adjacent factor I modules (FIMs), and to a larger fragment of C7 composed of its homologous FIMs as well as two adjoining short consensus repeat modules. In this work, we expressed the tandem FIMs from C7 in bacteria. The mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, lack of free sulfhydryl groups, and atypical circular dichroism spectrum of the recombinant product rC7-FIMs were all consistent with a native structure. Using surface plasmon resonance, we found that rC7-FIMs binds specifically to both C5 and the rC5-C345C domain with K(D) approximately 50 nM, and competes with C7 for binding to C5, as expected for an active domain. These results indicate that, like C6, the FIMs alone in C7 mediate reversible binding to C5. Based on available evidence, we suggest a model for an irreversible membrane attack complex assembly in which the C7 FIMs, but not those in C6, are bound to the C345C domain of C5 within the fully assembled complex.     

Co-function of C3-and C4-photosynthetic pathways in C3, C4 and C3-C4 intermediate Flaveria species

The potential for C₄ photosynthesis was investigated in five C₃-C₄ intermediate species, one C₃ species, and one C₄ species in the genus Flaveria, using ¹⁴CO₂ pulse-¹²CO₂ chase techniques and quantum-yield measurements. All five intermediate species were capable of incorporating ¹⁴CO₂ into the C₄ acids malate and aspartate, following an 8-s pulse. The proportion of ¹⁴C label in these C₄ products ranged from 50–55% to 20–26% in the C₃-C₄ intermediates F. floridana Johnston and F. linearis Lag. respectively. All of the intermediate species incorporated as much, or more, ¹⁴CO₂ into aspartate as into malate. Generally, about 5–15% of the initial label in these species appeared as other organic acids. There was variation in the capacity for C₄ photosynthesis among the intermediate species based on the apparent rate of conversion of ¹⁴C label from the C₄ cycle to the C₃ cycle. In intermediate species such as F. pubescens Rydb., F. ramosissima Klatt., and F. floridana we observed a substantial decrease in label of C₄-cycle products and an increase in percentage label in C₃-cycle products during chase periods with ¹²CO₂, although the rate of change was slower than in the C₄ species, F. palmeri. In these C₃-C₄ intermediates both sucrose and fumarate were predominant products after a 20-min chase period. In the C₃-C₄ intermediates, F. anomala Robinson and f. linearis we observed no significant decrease in the label of C₄-cycle products during a 3-min chase period and a slow turnover during a 20-min chase, indicating a lower level of functional integration between the C₄ and C₃ cycles in these species, relative to the other intermediates. Although F. cronquistii Powell was previously identified as a C₃ species, 7–18% of the initial label was in malate+aspartate. However, only 40–50% of this label was in the C-4 position, indicating C₄-acid formation as secondary products of photosynthesis in F. cronquistii. In 21% O₂, the absorbed quantum yields for CO₂ uptake (in mol CO₂·[mol quanta]^-1) averaged 0.053 in F. cronquistii (C₃), 0.051 in F. trinervia (Spreng.) Mohr (C₄), 0.052 in F. ramosissima (C₃-C₄), 0.051 in F. anomala (C₃-C₄), 0.050 in F. linearis (C₃-C₄), 0.046 in F. floridana (C₃-C₄), and 0.044 in F. pubescens (C₃-C₄). In 2% O₂ an enhancement of the quantum yield was observed in all of the C₃-C₄ intermediate species, ranging from 21% in F. ramosissima to 43% in F. pubescens. In all intermediates the quantum yields in 2% O₂ were intermediate in value to the C₃ and C₄ species, indicating a co-function of the C₃ and C₄ cycles in CO₂ assimilation. The low quantum-yield values for F. pubescens and F. floridana in 21% O₂ presumably reflect an ineffcient transfer of carbon from the C₄ to the C₃ cycle. The response of the quantum yield to four increasing O₂ concentrations (2–35%) showed lower levels of O₂ inhibition in the C₃-C₄ intermediate F. ramosissima, relative to the C₃ species. This indicates that the co-function of the C₃ and C₄ cycles in this intermediate species leads to an increased CO₂ concentration at the site of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and a concomitant decrease in the competitive inhibition by O₂.Abbreviations PEP phosphoenolpyruvate - PGA 3-phosphoglycerate - RuBP ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate     

Human C4 haplotypes with duplicated C4A or C4B

In the course of study of families for the sixth chromosome markers HLA-A, C, B, D/DR, BF, and C2, the two loci for C4, C4A, and C4B, and glyoxalase I, we encountered five examples of probable duplication of one or the other of the two loci for C4. In one of these, both parents and one sib expressed two different structural genes for C4B, one sib expressed one, and one sib expressed none, suggesting that two C4B alleles were carried on a single haplotype: HLA-A2, B7, DR3, BFS1, C2C, C4A2, C4B1, C4B2, GLO1. In a second case, two siblings inherited C4B*1 and C4B*2 from one parent and C4B*Q0 from the other. This duplication appeared on the chromosome as HLA-AW33, B14, DR1, BFS, C2C, C4A2, C4B1, C4B2, GLO2. In a third, very large family with 3 generations, a duplication of the C4B locus occurred which was followed in 2 generations. In one individual, there were three C4B alleles and two C4A alleles. One of the C4B alleles had a hemolytically active product with electrophoretic mobility near C4B2 and was designated C4B*22. It segregated with C4B1 in the family studied. The complete haplotype was HLA-A11, CW1, BW56, DR5, BFS, C2C, C4A3, C4B22, C4B1, GLO2. In another family with 12 siblings, one parent and eight children expressed two C4A alleles on the haplotype HLA-AW30, BW38, DR1, BFF, C2C, C4A3, C4A2, C4BQ0, GLO1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)