双酶法制备螺旋藻多肽的工艺研究

选用碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶结合的双酶法对螺旋藻蛋白进行水解。其中,对木瓜蛋白酶水解螺旋藻蛋白的工艺进行优化。以水解度为指标,研究了酶解时间、酶与底物比、pH和酶解温度4种因素对酶解反应的影响。在此基础上设计了3因素(加酶量、酶解温度和pH)3水平的响应面试验。结果表明碱性蛋白酶水解螺旋藻蛋白的最佳酶解条件为:加酶量4300 U/g,pH 7.0,酶解温度55℃,酶解时间160 min;木瓜蛋白酶的最佳酶解条件为:酶底比为4.5%,酶解温度60℃,pH 6.5,酶解时间210 min。利用碱性蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶结合的双酶法制得的多肽水解度可达32.90%,与单酶法相比,水解度明显提高。     

酶法提取金乌贼墨汁中黑色素的工艺条件研究

以金乌贼墨汁为原料,采用单因素试验,对胰蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶,胃蛋白酶,中性蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶等五种酶提取黑色素的效果进行比较分析,筛选出水解效果较好的碱性蛋白酶。并通过正交试验,优化了碱性蛋白酶酶解金乌贼墨汁的最佳工艺,实验结果表明,在底物浓度2%、水解温度50℃、pH值为7.4,加酶量4200U/g和水解8h的条件下进行水解的效果较好。     

几种蛋白酶对文蛤肉的酶解工艺条件研究

以文蛤为原料,水解度为指标,从胰蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶,胃蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶中选出水解效果较好的胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶.并通过实验确定了胰蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶单酶水解及两者组合复合酶解文蛤肉的最佳工艺.结果表明:复合水解效果最佳.最佳工艺:先添加胰酶6000 u/g(原料),水解温度50℃,固液比1:3(V/W),pH 8.0,在此条件下水解6 h;然后改变条件,温度55℃,pH 5.5,底物浓度1:3(V/W),添加木瓜蛋白酶2000 u/g(原料),在此条件下水解2 h.通过实验验证,胰蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶组合在该条件下对文蛤肉蛋白具有较好的水解效果,其水解度为28.15%.     

鲜鹿茸酶降解过程的研究

研究了胰蛋白酶、Alcalase 碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶对鲜鹿茸的降解过程,确定了优化降解工艺条件,具有一定的理论意义和实践价值。确定了Alcalase 碱性蛋白酶的降解效率最高,通过单因素实验确定了降解过程中底物浓度、酶解温度、pH值和酶解时间为影响鲜鹿茸降解率的主要因素。正交试验确定最佳的酶解条件为:底物浓度0.08 g/ml、酶解温度65 ℃、pH 9.0、酶解时间6.0 h。在此条件下,鲜鹿茸降解率高达92.6%,氨基酸产品收率达12.1%。     

牦牛骨蛋白的酶解条件研究

以蛋白质水解度为评价指标,辅以固形物溶出率,比较了中性蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶和木瓜蛋白酶对牦牛骨蛋白的水解效果,研究了酶用量、料液比(底物浓度)、酶解时间对水解度的影响,采用正交试验对酶解条件进行了优化。结果显示,木瓜蛋白酶是牦牛骨蛋白水解的适宜催化剂。在一定条件下,样品水解度随酶用量和酶解时间的增加而增大,底物浓度过低或过高均不利于原料中蛋白质的酶解。木瓜蛋白酶水解牦牛骨蛋白最佳条件为:酶解温度60℃,酶解时间8 h,酶用量3500 U/g蛋白质,料液比1:25(g:m l)。     

响应面法优化蚕豆蛋白酶解工艺条件的研究

考察了碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶对蚕豆蛋白的酶解效果,探讨了水解度（DH）与酶解产物抗氧化活性间的关系。通过单因素试验和响应面分析法,得到碱性蛋白酶酶解工艺的最佳条件。结果表明,温度50℃、pH8.0、酶底比8%、底物浓度3%条件下酶解3h,水解度0~22%内,碱性蛋白酶较胰蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶水解蚕豆蛋白效果好;DH与还原能力（R2=0.68~0.81）及ABTS清除能力（R2=0.98~0.99）具有较好的相关性,碱性蛋白酶酶解液较其他2个酶解液有较好的还原能力和ABTS清除能力;优化后的最佳酶解工艺参数为：酶底比8%,温度50℃、pH 7.6,对蚕豆蛋白还原能力的影响顺序为酶底比＞pH＞温度;在此条件下,蚕豆蛋白酶解液的还原能力理论值为0.174,验证试验测得还原能力为0.173,与理论值接近。     

蛋白鲜味肽调味品生产工艺初探

蛋白二次酶解技术生产蛋白鲜味肽能够在保有传统鲜味的同时,有效提高蛋白质得率,利于人体吸收。试验根据不同水产品的呈味特点,选择沙丁鱼和对虾为实验原料,利用复合蛋白酶对原料进行初步定向酶解并超滤,制备具有独特风味的短肽。采用响应面法优化酶解水产蛋白工艺,水解度作响应值,以探究酶添加量、酶解温度、时间及pH值对鲜味肽得率的影响,得到初步酶解制备鲜味肽最优工艺条件：复合蛋白酶加酶量3.3%、温度57℃、酶解时间3.5h、pH为7.1。     

酶解祁蛇肉制备小分子多肽的工艺研究

目的优化祁蛇肉酶解工艺,提高祁蛇多肽在水、酒等溶剂中的溶出率。方法通过多种酶解技术,将祁蛇中的大分子蛋白切割成多种小分子多肽,以祁蛇酶解后多肽峰面积为指标,对其酶解的工艺进行研究。结果祁蛇蛋白酶解优化的工艺为木瓜蛋白酶酶解加入量为3.5%,酶解时间为2.5 h;中性蛋白酶加入量3.5%,酶解时间为1.5 h;碱性蛋白酶加入量2.0%,酶解时间为1 h。结论运用该工艺能显著提高祁蛇多肽的溶出率,对进一步提高祁蛇的作用功效与利用率具有显著意义。     

限制性酶解-钙融合制备高钙豆粉的工艺研究

以传统湿法工艺技术制备豆粉为基础,利用木瓜蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶复合酶对豆乳进行酶解处理并混入CaCO3以提高豆乳粉的钙融合性。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面优化分析法对限制性酶解—钙融合制备高钙豆乳粉工艺进行优化,确定最优限制性酶解—钙融合工艺参数为酶解时间156 h、酶添加量159%、均质压力2918 MPa、均质时间955 min,此条件下蛋白质分散指数为8002%、可溶性钙结合量为185 mg/g。     

降胆固醇活性花生多肽制备工艺的研究

以冷榨花生粕为原料,酶解制备具有降胆固醇活性的花生多肽。以体外结合胆酸盐的能力为指标,考察了酶的种类、温度、pH值、加酶量、酶解时间等因素对花生多肽降胆固醇活性的影响,确定最优蛋白酶为木瓜蛋白酶,通过正交试验的方法,确定了酶解花生粕制备降胆固醇活性花生多肽的最佳工艺条件为：温度50℃、pH 7.0、加酶量4 000 U/g底物、酶解时间4 h。     

Enzymatic hydrolysis and extraction of arachidonic acid rich lipids from Mortierella alpina

A novel method for efficient arachidonic acid rich lipids extraction was investigated. Six different enzymes (papain, pectinase, snailase, neutrase, alcalase and cellulase) were used to extract lipids from Mortierella alpina. The effects of enzyme concentration, temperature and hydrolysis time on oil recovery were evaluated using factorial experimental design and polynomial regression for each enzyme. Hydrolysis time is found to be the most important parameter for all enzymes. The ratios of enzyme mixtures were also studied. It showed that the mixtures of pectinase and papain (5:3, v/v), pectinase and alcalase (5:1, v/v) were better combined effects on oil yields. The effects of hydrolysis time and temperature were then analyzed by response surface methodology, and oil recoveries were satisfactory (104.6% for pectinase and papain and 101.3% for pectinase and alcalase). In the whole process, the lipid composition was not affected by the enzyme treatments according to fatty acid profile.     

An Escherichia coli cell membrane chromatography-offline LC-TOF-MS method for screening and identifying antimicrobial peptides from Jatropha curcas meal protein isolate hydrolysates

A novel, simple, and rapid method, named cell membrane affinity extraction (CMAE)-offline liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) was developed for screening and identifying antimicrobial peptides from Jatropha curcas meal protein isolate hydrolysates (JCMPIH) obtained by proteolytic enzyme (pepsin, trypsin, protamex, neutrase, flavourzyme, papain, alcalase, and acid protease) hydrolysis. A cationic antimicrobial peptide (CAILTHKR, JCpep8) was successfully isolated and identified by this method. Antimicrobial assay indicated that JCpep8 was active against the tested microorganisms (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 51302, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27553, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 23631, Streptococcus pneumoniae ATCC 49619) with minimal inhibitory concentration values ranging from 29 to 68 μg/mL. JCpep8 induced significant morphological alterations of the tested microbe surfaces, as shown by transmission electron microscopy, indicating strong membrane disruption. The results showed that CMAE-offline LC-TOF-MS could be a promising method for discovering high-throughput screening antimicrobial peptides from JCMPIH.     

Bioconversion of duck blood cell: process optimization of hydrolytic conditions and peptide hydrolysate characterization

Background

As the protein-laden by-product, red blood cells (RBCs) from poultry blood is a potential source of protein used as food and feed ingredient. However, RBC was currently underutilized. Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop feasible and cost-effective methods for converting poultry waste into nutritional and functional products.

Results

To take full advantage of this poultry waste, peptide hydrolysate was produced by deep controllable bioconversion of RBC, by means of synergistic combination of neutrase and flavourzyme. In this work, the functional properties and antioxidant activity of peptide hydrolysate were also characterized. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) was optimized using response surface methodology, and optimal hydrolysis conditions were found to be: temperature 51 °C, substrate concentration 14% (w/v), initial pH 7.0, and time 7.5 h. The red blood cell hydrolysate (RBCH) obtained not only possessed plentiful small peptides (<?3 kDa, 68.14%), but also was abundant in essential amino acids, accounting for over 50% of total amino acids. In addition to its excellent solubility (>?80%), emulsifying and foaming properties, RBCH also exhibited notable antioxidant activities, such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl??1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity (IC₅₀, 4.16 mg/mL), reducing power, metal chelating ability and inhibiting lipid peroxidation.

Conclusions

RBCH enriched in small peptides has the potential to be a new food additive with outstanding functional and antioxidant properties, and a process was established for converting poultry waste into peptide hydrolysate using neutrase and flavourzyme.

     

Purification and characterization of an antioxidant peptide obtained from tuna backbone protein by enzymatic hydrolysis

To utilize fish processing waste, tuna backbone protein was hydrolyzed using different proteases (alcalase, α-chymotrypsin, neutrase, papain, pepsin and trypsin) for production of antioxidant peptide. Antioxidant activities of hydrolysates were evaluated using lipid peroxidation inhibition assay and direct free radical scavenging activity by using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. Among hydrolysates, peptic hydrolysate exhibited the highest antioxidant activity compared to other hydrolysates. To identify antioxidant peptide, peptic hydrolysate was purified using consecutive chromatographic methods, and the antioxidant peptide was identified to be VKAGFAWTANQQLS (1519 Da) by Q-TOF ESI mass spectroscopy. The antioxidant activities of antioxidant peptide from tuna backbone protein (APTBP) was evaluated, and the results show that APTBP significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation in linoleic acid emulsion system and also quenched free radicals (DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide) in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, APTBP did not show any cytotoxic effect against MRC-5 and ECV304 cell lines.     

Optimization of process variables in castor oil hydrolysis by Candida rugosa lipase with buffer as dispersion medium

In this study, castor oil is hydrolyzed in presence of Candida rugosa lipase, while in the buffer (aqueous) phase as a dispersion medium. The following conditions were used to optimize the process: speed of agitation, initial pH of buffer phase, temperature, and ratio of buffer phase volume to oil weight. The optimal conditions are 1,100 rpm, pH 6.5, temperature 35°C, and 3:1 buffer phase volume to oil weight ratio. Under these described conditions, the reusability of lipase was tested and it was found that nearly 80% of original hydrolysis percentage was achieved after the first recycle.     

复合酶法水解香菇工艺的研究

【目的】高效提取香菇中的功能性成分,进一步开发利用香菇的食用价值。【方法】以香菇为原料,在单因素试验和正交试验的基础上,研究了复合酶法(纤维素酶、木瓜蛋白酶和5-磷酸二酯酶)水解香菇的工艺条件。【结果】第一步为纤维素酶和木瓜蛋白酶共同水解,加酶量分别为0.2%和0.4%,水解温度55°C,水解时间3 h,初始pH 5.5;第二步为5-磷酸二酯酶水解,加酶量为0.2%,水解温度70°C,水解时间2 h,初始pH 7.0。用此法得到的香菇水解液水解度为39.48%,游离氨基酸得率10.25%,5-核苷酸得率0.768%,多糖得率8.67%。【结论】此香菇水解液富含呈鲜味物质和其它营养物质,可进一步深加工为香菇调味品。     

超声波协同复合酶法提取姬松茸多糖

研究了超声波协同复合酶法提取姬松茸多糖的最佳工艺条件。采用均匀设计法分别考察不同时间、pH值、温度、酶浓度、固液比对纤维素酶、果胶酶以及木瓜蛋白酶酶解反应的影响,并研究三种酶联合使用时的加酶方式以及超声波协同提取时的最佳条件。结果表明,超声波协同复合酶法可显著提高姬松茸多糖的提取率,其最佳提取条件为：超声波作用20min,分步加酶法（先加果胶酶：pH值3．8、温度50℃、时间90min、加酶量7000U／g、固液比1：45;然后加纤维素酶：pH值3．6、温度75℃、时间120min、加酶量150U／g、固液比1：45;最后加木瓜蛋白酶：pH值3．6、温度75℃、时间120min、加酶量20000U／g、固液比1：45）,多糖提取率达到14．51％。     

Purification and some properties of a thermostable acid esterase from Acidiphilium sp. AIU 409

Extracellular and cell-bound esterases produced by Acidiphilium sp. AIU 409 were homogeneously purified from culture broth and cells, respectively, and some properties were investigated. Both esterases more rapidly hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl acyl esters containing long-chain fatty acids from C 8:0 to C 18:0 than those containing short-chain fatty acids from C 2:0 to C 6:0. The Km values for p-nitrophenyl long-chain fatty acid esters from C 8:0 to C 18:0 were approximately 1.3-1.5 mM. The enzymes were stable at 50 degrees C for 2 days between pH 3.0 and 6.5, and optimum pH and temperature were 5.0 and 70 degrees C, respectively. Enzyme activity was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and SDS. The molecular mass of both enzymes was estimated to be approximately 64 kDa by SDS-PAGE. The 23 amino acid sequence from the NH(2)-terminus was also the same in both enzymes. These results suggest that extracellular esterase might be composed of the same components as cell-bound esterase.     

高分子膜载体固定化木瓜蛋白酶

在浸润条件下,以0.5%(v/v)戊二醛交联的高分子膜尼龙载体固定化木瓜蛋白酶。对固定化条件进行了优化,比较了固定化酶与游离酶的酶学参数。结果表明,4℃、pH6.0条件下,将膜载体浸润于2mg/mL酶液中5h,固定化酶活为303.4U/g。固定化酶最适反应pH为6.0～7.0,最适反应温度为65℃。其pH稳定性、热稳定性均比游离酶高。