α受体激动对绵羊心脏浦肯野纤维延迟后除极的影响

用乙酰毒毛旋花子成元０．２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ诱发绵羊心脏浦肯野纤维产生延迟后除极（ＤＡＤ）,采用细胞内微电极记录。在用普奈洛尔１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ阻断β受体条件下,苯肾上腺素１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ使ＤＡＤ幅值由８．１±２．２ｍＶ增至９．５±２．８ｍＶ,时程由２４０±４７ｍｓ延长到２７３±４７ｍｓ（ｎ＝１３,ＰＭ＜０．０１）,ＤＡＤ上升速率由０．０３９±０．０２３Ｖ／ｓ增至０．０５１±０．０２６Ｖ／ｓ（ｎ＝１３,Ｐ＜０．０５）,ＤＡＤ在动作电位后出现的时间提前了３０±４７ｍｓ（ｎ＝１３,Ｐ＜０．０５）。用去甲肾上腺素１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ增强ＤＡＤ引起触发活动时,酚妥０拉明１．８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ不能抑制触发活动,普奈洛尔１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ能抑制之。上述结果表明α受体激动对ＤＡＤ有轻度增强作用,但由ＤＡＤ引起的触发活动,α受体阻滞剂的抑制作用不如β受体阻滞剂有效。     

丹皮酚对心肌细胞自律性和延迟后除极的影响

目的与方法：采用常规玻璃微电极技术研究丹皮酚对离体心肌细胞自律性（ＡＭ）、延迟后除极（ＤＡＤ） 及触发活动（ＴＡ）的影响。结果：１．８×１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ丹皮酚灌流组,肾上腺素（Ａｄｒ）的阈浓度空白对照组为（１．２８±０．５７）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,药后为（１．５６±０．５３）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ＝９,Ｐ＞０．０５）;用（１．８×１０－ ３） ｍｏｌ／Ｌ丹皮酚（Ｐａｅ）灌流组,Ａｄｒ 浓度由空白对照组的（１．２２ ±０．６２）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ升高到（６．２２±２．１１）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ＝９,Ｐ＜０．０１）。１．８×１０－３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的Ｐａｅ 能明显抑制哇巴因（Ｏｕａ）诱发的ＤＡＤ的幅值,当基本刺激周长为５００,４００,３００ 和２００ ｍｓ 时,其ＤＡＤ幅值从（５．５±２．０）ｍＶ,（７．３±２．１）ｍＶ,（８．０ ±２．４）ｍＶ和（９．２±１．９）ｍＶ减小到（３．０±１．１）ｍＶ、（３．６±１．７）ｍＶ,（４．３±２．０） ｍＶ和（５．９ ±１．６） ｍＶ,Ｐ＜０．０１。当基本刺激周长为２００ ｍｓ时,ＴＡ 数目由５．５±１．０ 降至０．７±０．３（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：丹皮酚能抑制心肌细胞ＡＭ、ＤＡＤ及ＴＡ,具有抗心律失常作用     

“缺血”心肌起搏离子流If的观察研究

本文观察“缺血”及肾上腺素能激动剂对绵羊心室浦肯野纤维起搏离子流Ｉｆ的影响。用模拟缺血溶液灌流１５,３０和６０ｍｉｎ后,在Ｅｃ—６０ｍＶ—１２０ｍＶ之间的各不同指令电位水平Ｉｆ离子流幅值均降低（ｎ＝７,Ｐ＜０．０５）,激活达稳态时间及半激活时间延长（ｎ＝７,Ｐ＜Ｏ．０５）,激活曲线向超极化方向移位。１×１０－６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ异丙基肾上腺素能使Ｉｆ离子流幅值增加（ｎ＝１０,Ｐ＞０．０５）,激活达稳态时间及半激活时间缩短（ｎ＝１０,Ｐ＜０．０５）,激活曲线向除极化方向移位,但不能完全逆转“缺血”对Ｉｆ离子流的抑制作用。在５×１０－７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ普萘洛尔存在条件下,５×１０－５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ新福林对正常绵羊心室浦肯野纤维Ｉｆ离子流影响不一致,但可加剧“缺血”对Ｉｆ离子流的抑制作用。上述结果表明：急性心肌缺血时,心室浦肯野纤维正常起搏活动不是增强,而是减弱。提示急性缺血性室性心律失常不是由于心室正常自律活动异常增强引起。     

P物质对大鼠DRG神经元胞体膜的作用

本文在大鼠ＤＲＧ神经元标本上应用细胞内记录,以确定ＳＰ对ＤＲＧ细胞的膜反应及其可能的离子机制。实验所测ＤＲＧ细胞静息膜电位为－５８．９±８．２ｍＶ（Ｘ±ＳＥ,ｎ＝８１）。传导速度：Ａ_（α／β）细胞为２０．４±４．８ｍ／ｓ（Ｘ±ＳＥ）,范围１４．１－２８．７ｍ／ｓ（４７／６０）;Ａδ及Ｃ类细胞为９．８±５．２ｍ／ｓ,范围１．２－１３．７ｍ／ｓ（１３／６０）。浴槽滴加ＳＰ（１０￣（－７）－３×１０￣（－４）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）在大多数细胞可引起明显的膜去极化反应（５６／６０）。少数细胞对ＳＰ无反应（４／６０）。在ＳＰ去极化期间膜电导值有所增加,从平均值２．７２×１０￣（－８）ｍｈｏ增加２４．６％（ｎ＝３）。所测逆转电位值在＋４０－＋５０ｍＶ之间（ｎ＝３）。浊流平衡液（ＢＳＳ）中ＮａＣｌ以氯化胆碱置代,或用含ＴＴＸ（１０￣（－５）ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）的ＢＳＳ灌流,可使ＳＰ－去极化幅值大大减小但不能完全消除。而高（２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）和低（０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）Ｃａ￣（２＋）的ＢＳＳ灌流时,使ＳＰ－去极化幅值相应的增加和降低。用含１０￣（－４）ｍｏｌ／ＬＣｄ￣（２＋）及１０￣（－２）ｍｏｌ／ＬＴＥＡ的ＢＳＳ灌流,均使ＳＰ－去极化明显减小。     

川芎嗪对蟾蜍交感神经节细胞膜嘌呤受体介导反应的调制作用

采用细胞外微电极技术,记录离体灌流的蟾蜍椎旁交感神经节细胞膜电位,观察川芎嗪对嘌呤受体介导反应的调制作用。三磷酸腺苷（３００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可引起神经节细胞膜去极化（ｎ＝６２）、超极化反应（ｎ＝２７）以及去极化之后伴随超极化过程的双相反应（ｎ＝９）。Ｐ２受体拮抗剂台盼蓝（５００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可抑制三磷酸腺苷的去极化反应（ｎ＝８）;Ｐ１受体拮抗剂氨茶碱（２００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可抑制三磷酸腺苷的超极化反应（ｎ＝７）。滴加川芎嗪（１～５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）,神经节细胞膜未出现明显的电位变化。外源性环－磷酸腺苷（２５０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可模拟三磷酸腺苷的超极化反应（ｎ＝９）。川芎嗪（３ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可抑制三磷酸腺苷的去极化反应,使其幅值减少５３９±９５％（ｎ＝１４,Ｐ＜００１）,并能加强三磷酸腺苷所致超极化反应,使其幅值增大１０５４±２４５％（ｎ＝１２,Ｐ＜００１）。在同一标本上,川芎嗪使环一磷酸腺苷的超极化反应加强（ｎ＝４）。此外,川芎嗪可抑制三磷酸腺苷引起的双相反应中的去极相,而增大其后的超极相（ｎ＝３）。     

α_1肾上腺素能受体介导去甲肾上腺素促大鼠培养心肌细胞蛋白质合成效应

在无血清和含１．０％、５．０％血清培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞标本上,去甲肾上腺素（ＮＥ,２．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）使细胞蛋白质含量（Ｌｏｗｒｙ法）分别比相应对照组增加４０％、２６％、１９％（Ｐ均＜０．０１）;细胞３Ｈ－亮氨酸参入量与ＮＥ浓度呈正性剂量依赖性,最大效应浓度为２０．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ;无血清培养体系中,０．２、２．０、２０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＮＥ使参入量分别比对照增加１７．８％、３５３％、３７．７％;１．０％血清培养体系中分别比对照增加１６．２％、２７．９％、３１．６％（Ｐ均＜０．０５）;哌唑嗪（２．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）可阻断ＮＥ的促蛋白质合成作用,心得安（２．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）则无此效应。提示在无血清或低浓度血清培养体系中,ＮＥ可促进心肌细胞蛋白质合成,增加细胞蛋白质含量,该作用可能是通过α１肾上腺素能受体介导。     

运动对大鼠血小板L—精氨酸转运的影响

本工作在游泳大鼠模型上,观察血小板Ｌ－精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）转运特征,并观察凝血酶和ＰＡＦ对血小板Ｌ－Ａｒｇ转运的影响。结果发现,运动大鼠血小板Ｌ－Ａｒｇ转运明显高于未运动对照大鼠,表现在高亲和性最大转运速率（Ｖｍａｘ）明显增高（５０．５６±３．２７ｐｍｏｌ／１０８ｖｓ４５．８４±２．３６ｐｍｏｌ／１０８血小板／ｍｉｎ。Ｐ＜０．０５）,米氏常数亦显著增加（２．１４±０．２３μｍｏｌ／Ｌｖｓ１．４６±０．１３μｍｏｌ／Ｌ,Ｐ＜０．０１）。应用刺激剂凝血酶和ＰＡＦ诱导运动大鼠血小板Ｌ－Ａｒｇ转运速率增加的幅度明显高于未运动对照大鼠（Ｐ＜０．０１）。实验结果表明,运动能增强血小板转运Ｌ－Ａｒｇ的效率。提示,运动可能促进血小板一氧化氮（ＮＯ）生成,抑制血小板聚集,防治血管栓塞性疾病     

SNP抑制5-HT诱导的胞内游离钙浓度升高和内钙释放

用Ｆｕｒａ － ２／ＡＭ 荧光测量技术研究了５ － 羟色胺（５－ ＨＴ） 诱导的大鼠尾动脉平滑肌细胞胞内钙升高和一氧化氮（ＮＯ） 的抑制效应。实验表明, 胞外０ｍ ｍｏｌ／ Ｌ Ｃａ２ ＋ 时胞内静息［Ｃａ２ ＋ ］ ｉ 为２０ ．２±８ ．６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ ＝ ８） 。１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ ５－ ＨＴ 可诱导出胞内钙库释放引起的瞬态［Ｃａ２ ＋］ｉ 升高,其峰值达２４５ ．７ ±７１．６ｎｍｏｌ／ Ｌ（ｎ ＝ ６） 。１０ － ７ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ 硝普钠（ＳＮＰ） 可抑制５－ ＨＴ 诱导的［Ｃａ２ ＋］ｉ 升高,其峰值浓度降为７５．１±３５ ．９ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ ＝ ５） 。当细胞浴液含２．５ｍ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｃａ２ ＋ 时,静息［Ｃａ２ ＋］ｉ为１１２ ．８ ±１０ ．３ｎｍｏｌ／ Ｌ（ｎ ＝ ５） , 这时１０μｍｏｌ／ Ｌ ５ － ＨＴ 可诱导［Ｃａ２ ＋ ］ ｉ 的峰值为２５２ ．３ ±８０ ．６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ ＝ ４） ,以及其后平台浓度为１４３ ．０ ±３７ ．６ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ（ｎ ＝ ４） ,略大于［Ｃａ２ ＋］ｉ 为１１２．８ ±１０ ．３ｎｍｏｌ／Ｌ 的静息浓度,为外钙内流引起。１０ － ７ ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＳＮＰ 也可抑制５－ ＨＴ 诱导［Ｃａ２ ＋ ］ｉ 平台相浓度。平台浓度由１４３ ±４７     

蚯蚓体内一种纤溶酶原激活剂(e-PA)对ATEE的降解

赤子爱胜蚓（Ｅｉｓｅｎｉａｆｅｔｉｄａ）体内的一种纤溶酶原激活剂（ｅ－ＰＡ）能够降解人工合成底物Ｎ－乙酰－Ｌ－酪氨酸乙酯（ＡＴＥＥ）,该降解反应的最适ｐＨ为８．５,而且在０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＨＰＯ４中的活性要强于在０．０５ｍｏｌ／ＬＴｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ（ｐＨ８．５）中．分别测定了ｅ－ＰＡ的大小亚基及全酶在０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＨＰＯ４与０．０５ｍｏｌ／ＬＴｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ（ｐＨ８．５）两种体系中的Ｋｍ和Ｋｃａｔ．结果表明,在０．２ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａ２ＨＰＯ４中,全酶的ＡＴＥＥ活性远远高于大小亚基单独的ＡＴＥＥ活性,而在０．０５ｍｏｌ／ＬＴｒｉｓ－ＨＣｌ（ｐＨ８．５）中则没有这种现象．从蛋白质结构的角度对这一结果作了解释．用不同抑制剂和ｅ－ＰＡ作用,结果表明,ｐｅｐｓｔａｔｉｎ,Ｅ－６４和ＥＤＴＡ对ｅ－ＰＡ的ＡＴＥＥ活性都有不同程度的抑制,这一点与ｅ－ＰＡ的ＢＡＥＥ活性不同．     

雌二醇对豚鼠心室肌细胞L型钙通道的抑制作用

目的和方法：采用全细胞膜片钳技术,研究不同浓度（１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）雌二醇（ｅｓｔｒａｄｉｏｌ,ＥＳＴ）对豚鼠心室肌细胞Ｌ型钙电流（ＩＣａ．Ｌ）的影响。结果：①ＥＳＴ明显抑制ＩＣａ．Ｌ,１μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、１００μｍｏｌ／ＬＥＳＴ分别使峰值ＩＣａ．Ｌ降低３０．５％,５０．０％（Ｐ〈０．０１）和６８％（Ｐ〈０．０１）,该作用具有浓度依赖性;②ＥＳＴ对Ｉ     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.