大豆结瘤突变体成分和初步分析及其对硝酸还原酶活性和结瘤的影响

超结瘤大豆ｎｔｓ３８２和不结瘤大豆Ｎｏｄ４９的叶和根组织水提取物经Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ２５过滤,洗脱,再根据洗脱物对硝酸还原酶活性的影响可划分为４个组玢样品,即ｎｔｓ３８２Ｆ１,ｎｔｓ３８２Ｆ２,ｎｔｓ３８２Ｆ３和ｎｔｓ３８２Ｆ４。其中,ｎｔｓ３８２Ｆ２和Ｆ４抑制ＮＲ活性作用在接种ＵＳＤＡ１１０后明显下降。     

大豆Bragg结瘤突变系叶片的NR活性调节

大豆（Ｇｌｙｃｉｎｅ ｍ ａｘ （Ｌ．） Ｍｅｒｒ．）Ｂｒａｇｇ 及它的突变体， 超结瘤大豆ｎｔｓ ３８２ 和不结瘤大豆Ｎｏｄ ４９ 的叶片提取物中含有抑制ｉＮＲ活性、ｃ１ＮＲ活性和Ｃ２ＮＲ活性的抑制成分。３００ μＥ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－ １照度和接种根瘤菌ｓｔｒａｉｎ ＵＳＤＡ１１０ 是形成抑制成分的重要条件。在两种条件下，Ｎｏｄ ４９ 中的抑制活性最强， ｎｔｓ ３８２ 的最弱， Ｂｒａｇｇ 的居中。Ｂｒａｇｇ 的接种根提取物对３ 种ＮＲ活性的抑制作用基本同于其叶片提取物； ｎｔｓ ３８２ 的接种根提取物也同于其叶片提取物，基本不抑制ＮＲ的活性， 但Ｎｏｄ ４９ 的接种根提取物只抑制叶片的ｃ２ＮＲ活性， 不同于其叶片提取物抑制３ 种ＮＲ活性的作用。结果说明叶片与根两种提取物在抑制叶片ＮＲ活性的成分上相关     

寄主大豆对根结瘤的控制

我国９个大豆（ＧｌｙｃｉｎｅｍａｘＬ．Ｍｅｒｒ．）品种感染根瘤菌ＵＳＤＡ１１０后,产生不同的结瘤数,低者在２０个以下．高者在６０个以上。赤豆、绿赤豆也可被感染结瘤,而豇豆、扁豆则不能。超结瘤大豆ｎｔｓ３８２作为接穗时能诱导我国大豆原结瘤数有４５个的开育１０号、原结瘤数有１２个的大黄分别发生高结瘤。ｎｔｓ３８２作为砧木时,则不能表现超结瘤．表明超结瘤因子能传给我国大豆,反之存在于我国大豆中的限制超结瘤的因子也能传给ｎｔｓ３８２。ｎｔｓ３８２于ＮＯ３－环境中仍表现超结瘤的特点也能导入开育１０号、大黄及赤豆根部,并使之在ＮＯ３－环境中结瘤。在ＮＯ３－环境中不能结瘤的开育１０号作为接穗,ｎｔｓ３８２作为砧木的嫁接植株,于子叶生长阶段接受ＮＯ３－时,仍能结瘤,于真对生长时接受ＮＯ３－时．则不能结瘤,表明限制结瘤因子于真叶细胞中被诱导形成。     

寄主大豆对根结瘤的控制

我国９个大豆品种感染根瘤菌ＵＳＤＡ１１０后,产生不同的结瘤数,低者在２０个以下,高者在６０个以上。赤豆、绿赤豆也可被感染结瘤,而豇豆、扁豆则不能。超结瘤大豆ｎｔｓ３８２作为接穗时能诱导我国大豆原结瘤数有４５个的开育１０号、原结瘤数有１２个的大黄分别发生高结瘤。ｎｔｓ３８２作为砧木时,则不能表现超结瘤,表达超结瘤因子能传给我国大豆,反之存在于我国大豆中的限制超结瘤的因子也能传给ｎｔｓ３８２。ｎｔｓ３     

不同光照下几种结瘤突变大豆叶片中硝酸还原酶活性（简报）

大豆及其结瘤突变体超结瘤nts382和不结病Nod49经接种根瘤菌（R.japonicumStrainUSDA110）并于300μEm-2s-1光照下培养，它们的叶细胞中形成高活性的抑制iNll、C1NR和C2NR活性的因子，而在nts382叶细胞中的活性很低。在150μEM-2S-1红光下培养的3种大豆叶细胞中几乎不含NR活性的抑制因子，显示光照和接种是诱导形成该因子的两种条件。     

从睡眠剥夺树鼩（TBC）尿液提取内源性“睡眠因子”（sleep factor）的研究

本研究报道从睡眠剥夺（ＳＤ）４８—７２ｈ的灵长类原宗（ｐｒｉｍｉｔｉｖｅｓｔｏｃｋ）Ｔｕｐａｉａｂｅｌａｎｇｅｒｉｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ（ＴＢＣ）提取内源性“睡眠因子”（ｓｌｅｅｐｆａｃｔｏｒ）Ｓ２Ｃ和Ｓ４Ｂ。收集的尿液经超滤,清液冻干经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ１５分离得到ＦｒａｃｔｉｏｎⅠ－Ⅴ。活性测定发现Ｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ－Ⅲ（Ｓ２Ｃ）呈现显著δ－增强促眠效应。经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ２５和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＬＨ２０进一步净化的Ｓ４Ｂ也呈现显著δ－增强促眠效应。     

从睡眠剥夺树qu（TBC）尿液提取内源性“睡眠因子”的研究

本研究报道从睡眠剥夺（ＳＤ）４８－７２ｈ的灵长类原宗Ｔｕｐａｉａ ｂｅｌａｎｇｅｒｉ ｃｈｉｎｅｎ－ｓｉｓ（ＴＢＣ）提取内源性“睡眠因子”Ｓ２Ｃ和Ｓ４Ｂ。收集的尿液经超滤,清液冻干经Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ１５分离内源性“睡眠因子”Ｓ２Ｃ和Ｓ４Ｂ。收集的尿液经滤,清液冻干经ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ１５分离得到Ｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ Ｉ－Ｖ。活性测定发现Ｆｒａｃｔｉｏｎ－Ⅲ（Ｓ２Ｃ）呈现显著δ－增强促眠效应。经Ｓｅ     

大鼠星形胶质细胞组织因子活性的表达及其调控

本实验观察了基础培养条件和凝血酶刺激条件下,大鼠星形胶质细胞组织因子活性的表达及其信号传递途径。结果显示,基础条件下,Ａ２３１８７（４ｂｒｏｍｏｃａｌｃｉｕｍｉｏｎｏｐｈｏｒｅ）和佛波醇脂（ｐｈｏｒｂｏｌ１２ｍｙｒｉｓｔａｔｅ１３ａｃｅｔａｔｅ,ＰＭＡ）能明显提高星形胶质细胞组织因子活性的表达,而三氟吡啦嗪（ｔｒｉｆｌｕｏｐｅｒａｚｉｎｅ,ＴＦＰ）和１（５异喹啉磺胺）３甲基哌嗪［１（５ｉｓｏｑｕｉｎｏｌｉｎｙｌｓｕｌｆｏｎｙｌ）３ｍｅｔｈｙｌｐｉｐｅｒａｚｉｎｅ,Ｈ７］则降低星形胶质细胞组织因子活性的表达。凝血酶能明显增加星形胶质细胞表达组织因子活性;当凝血酶与ＴＦＰ或Ｈ７联合应用时,凝血酶的刺激作用受到明显抑制。实验表明,星形胶质细胞在基础培养条件下能表达组织因子,凝血酶能刺激它表达组织因子活性。Ｃａ２＋／钙调素和ＰＫＣ途径参与了在基础条件以及凝血酶刺激条件下星形胶质细胞组织因子活性的表达。     

白血病抑制因子受体与细胞内信号分子

白血病抑制因子（ＬＩＦ）与细胞膜上的ＬＩＦ受体β亚基结合并使之与ｇｐ１３０形成异源性二聚化后,ＬＩＦ受体β亚基细胞内区的３个Ｔｙｒ和ｇｐ１３０的４个Ｔｙｒ（均呈（ＹＸＸＱ结构）分别激活ＪＡＫ酶,ＭＡＰＫ,Ｆｅｓ,Ｂｔｋ,Ｔｅｃ激酶,ＰＴＰ１Ｄ和ＳＴＡＴＳ等,Ｃ－ｍｙｃ,Ｃ－ｍｙｂ的转录活性下降,以及ＪｕｎＢ,ＩＲＦ１和Ｓｔａｔ３的转录活性上升促进细胞分化,抑制细胞增殖,从而维持垂体功能,促进神经肌     

果胶菌加根瘤菌诱发油菜结瘤固氮研究新进展

果胶细菌（ｐｅｃｔｉｎ－ｌｙｔｉｃ ｂａｃｔｅｒｉａ）处理油菜幼根（二天苗龄,根长３ｃｍ）,同时接种紫云英根瘤菌突变菌株（Ｒｈｉｚｏｂｉｕｒｎ ｓｐｐ．ａｓｔｒａｇｌｕｓ）结瘤率为９６．８０％。根瘤石蜡包理切片观察,结果是从根瘤的外皮层到内皮层细胞均有细菌的分布。乙炔还原法测定出低固氮酶活性（７３．１０ｎｂ ＭＣ２Ｈ４／株／小时）。在植株全氮、干重和盆栽产量上都有不同程度的增加。     

Primary Analysis of Components in Different Soybean Nodulating Mutants and their Effects on Nitrate Reductase Activity and Nodulation

The water extracts of leaves and roots from supernodulating soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. ) nts 382 and nonnodulating soybean Nod 49 have been chromatographed using filtering method through the column (25 cm × 2 cm) Sephadex G25 and 4 fractions, namly, nts 382 (Nod 49) F1, nts 382 (Nod 49) F2, nts 382 (Nod 49) F3, and nts 382 (Nod 49) F4 could be distinguished according to nitrate reductase (NR) activities inhibited by the eluate. The inhibition of NR activity by the noninoculated nts 382 F2 and the nts 382 F4 in vitro were much stronger than that by the inoculated nts 382 F2 and nts 382 F4. On the contrary, the obvious inhibition of NR activity in vitro by the noninoculated Nod 49 F2 and Nod 49 F4 were substantialy strengthed again by the innoculated Nod 49 F2 and Nod 49 F4. The facts indicated that the quantity of NR inhibitors in the leaf cells of soybean nts 382 reduced after the inoculation but was that in the inoculated Nod 49 leaf cells further more accumulated. Both nodulations assays, the nodulation of soybean "Bragg " injected with inoculated nts 382 Fl, nts 382 F2, nts 382 F3 and nts 382 F4 from leaves and roots and the nodulation of soybean nts 382 injected with inoculated Nod 49 F2, Nod 49 F3 and Nod 49 F4 from leaves only showed that nts 382 Fl and nts 382 F2 increased nodules of soybean "Bragg" by 1 to 3 times but nts 382 F3 and nts 382 F4 did not. Inhibition of soybeannts 382 nodulation by inoculated Nod 49 F2 Nod 49 F3 and Nod 49 F4 expressed that the Nod 49 F4 only inhibited the nodulation strongly by one time in the experiments with nts 382 plants with leaves, and by 15 times in the experiments with nts 382 plants without leaves at 10 d of inoculation and injection and this inhibition was nonreversible even after stopping injection from the 11th day to the 15th day after inoculation.     

COMPARISONS OF NITRATE UPTAKE, STORAGE, AND REDUCTION IN MARINE DIATOMS AND FLAGELLATES

Diatoms, but not flagellates, have been shown to increase rates of nitrogen release after a shift from a low growth irradiance to a much higher experimental irradiance. We compared NO₃ ^? uptake kinetics, internal inorganic nitrogen storage, and the temperature dependence of the NO₃ ^? reduction enzymes, nitrate (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR), in nitrogen‐replete cultures of 3 diatoms (Chaetoceros sp., Skeletonema costatum, Thalassiosira weissflogii) and 3 flagellates (Dunaliella tertiolecta, Pavlova lutheri, Prorocentrum minimum) to provide insight into the differences in nitrogen release patterns observed between these species. At NO₃ ^? concentrations <40 μmol‐N·L ^{? 1}, all the diatom species and the dinoflagellate P. minimum exhibited saturating kinetics, whereas the other flagellates, D. tertiolecta and P. lutheri, did not saturate, leading to very high estimated K _s values. Above ～60 μmol‐N·L ^{? 1}, NO₃ ^? uptake rates of all species tested continued to increase in a linear fashion. Rates of NO₃ ^? uptake at 40 μmol‐N·L ^{? 1}, normalized to cellular nitrogen, carbon, cell number, and surface area, were generally greater for diatoms than flagellates. Diatoms stored significant amounts of NO₃ ^? internally, whereas the flagellate species stored significant amounts of NH₄ ⁺ . Half‐saturation concentrations for NR and NiR were similar between all species, but diatoms had significantly lower temperature optima for NR and NiR than did the flagellates tested in most cases. Relative to calculated biosynthetic demands, diatoms were found to have greater NO₃ ^? uptake and NO₃ ^? reduction rates than flagellates. This enhanced capacity for NO₃ ^? uptake and reduction along with the lower optimum temperature for enzyme activity could explain differences in nitrogen release patterns between diatoms and flagellates after an increase in irradiance.     

乙烯信号传导的研究进展

植物内源激素乙烯作为信号分子通过信号传导途径调节相关基因表达 ,控制植物体的多种生理活动。乙烯信号传导途径中的许多基因已被克隆定性 ,综述了乙烯信号传导途径中的相关基因的功能及乙烯信号传导模式。     

Régulation des excédents dans le développement du bourgeon de membre de l'embryon d'oiseau. Analyse expérimentale de combinaisons xénoplastiques caille/poulet

Summary In order to support the demonstration of the regulative capacity of the chick limb bud, already stressed by one of us (Kieny, 1964, 1967), heterospecific combinations were made between chick and quail tissues, the cells of the latter bearing a distinctive nuclear marker. A Japanese quail whole limb bud (stage-18 to 21 of H. H., wing or leg) was grafted distally onto the prospective zeugopod of a chick (stage-22) wing bud sectioned at the prospective wrist level. Thus, from a heterospecific surplus recombinant containing five prospective limb segments (stylopod and zeugopod from the chick host; stylopod, zeugopod and autopod from the quail graft), it was possible to obtain a normally shaped appendage that comprised either upper arm, lower arm and hand in the case of a wing bud graft, or heteromorphic upper arm, lower leg and foot in the case of a hind-limb bud graft. In these cases, regulation for excess appeared to take place mainly within the host tissues. The three proximal segments of the recombinant, namely the chick stylopod and zeugopod of the host's stump and the quail stylopod of the graft, became reorganized and gave rise to a single stylopodial segment, which usually contained a double stylopodial bone element, one of chick, the other of quail origin.The absence of development of the squeezed prospective zeugopod can be interpreted as follows: owing to an interaction with the stylopodial graft tissues, the zeugopodial cells of the juxtaposed stump boundary have shifted proximally their originally more distal positional values, so that they changed their prospective pattern of differentiation to that of stylopod. These reset zeugopodial cells combine with the stylopodial cells of host and graft and form a huge composite stylopod, in which, due to an asynchronous determination in the two species, chick and quail tissues do not cooperate fully for the development of a single bone.

Ce travail a été effectué avec l'aide de la D.G.R.S.T. (Action complémentaire coordonnée: Biologie de la reproduction et du développement, convention n^o 73-7-1661)     

STIMULATION OF NITRATE NET UPTAKE AND REDUCTION BY RED AND BLUE LIGHT AND REVERSION BY FAR-RED LIGHT IN THE GREEN ALGA ULVA RIGIDA1

The steady-state levels of nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium were estimated in the green alga Ulva rigida C. Agardh in darkness after addition of 0.5 mM KNO₃ and irradiation with red (R) and blue (B) light pulses of different duration (5 and 30 min). The net uptake of nitrate was very rapid. Seventy-five percent of the nitrate added was consumed after 60 min in darkness. Although uptake was stable after R or B, efflux of nitrate occurred within 3 h in the dark control and when R or B were followed by far-red (FR) irradiation. The internal nitrate concentration after 3 h in darkness was similar after R and B light pulses; however, the intracellular ammonium was higher after R than after B. The intracellular nitrate and ammonium decreased when FR tight pulses were applied immediately after R or B. Thus, the involvement of phytochrome in the transport of nitrate and ammonium is proposed. Nitrate reductase activity, measured by the in situ method, was increased by both R and B light pulses. The effect was partially reversed by FR light. Nitrate reductase activity was higher after 5 min of R light than after 5 min of B. However, after 30-min light pulses, the relative increase in activity was reversed for R and B. We propose that phytochrome and a blue-light photoreceptor are involved in regulation of nitrogen metabolism. Nitrate uptake and reduction correlates with previously detected light-regulated accumulation of protein in Ulva rigida under the same experimental conditions.     

硫酸铵与盐酸胍对鸡肝二氢叶酸还原酶的激活和失活作用

在５℃、２０℃、３０℃,鸡肝二氢叶酸还原酶的活力随盐酸胍浓度增加,先经历一个激活区,以后则为失活区。温度升高,使最大激活幅度变小,激活区变窄,所需盐酸胍浓度减小,硫酸铵在浓度低于０．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,对天然酶有较小的激活作用,更高浓度的硫酸铵使酶活力下降;胍激活酶的活力随硫酸铵浓度的增加,由天然酶的２１０％单调下降;对失活酶,增加硫酸铵的浓度,则使酶活力逐渐恢复;三种情形的终活力均为天然酶的４０％。     

ISOLATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NITRATE ASSIMILATION MUTANTS OF DUNALIELLA TERTIOLECTA (CHLOROPHYCEAE)1

Fifteen nitrate assimilation-deficient mutants of the euryhaline green alga, Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher were selected by their chlorate resistance. Ten mutants, unable to grow on NO₃^? but able to grow on NO₂^?, had no detectable nitrate reductase activity. Five mutants, unable to grow on either NO₃^? or NO₂^?, had depressed levels of both nitrate and nitrite reductase. A method for assaying methyl viologen-nitrate reductase in the presence of nitrite reductase is described.     

冷锻炼对水稻和黄瓜幼苗SOD,GR活性及GSH,AsA含量的影响

水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）和黄瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｍ ｉｓｍ ｅｌｏ Ｌ．）幼苗在昼夜温度为１５ ℃／１０ ℃、白天光照１２ ｈ,光强为２５０ μｍ ｏｌ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－ １的条件下锻炼３ ｄ,明显地提高幼苗叶片中膜保护酶——超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（ＧＲ）活性和内源抗氧化剂——还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）、抗坏血酸（ＡｓＡ）的含量。经冷锻炼和未锻炼的幼苗移置４ ℃、光强为２５０ μｍ ｏｌ·ｍ － ２·ｓ－ １下胁迫处理２ ｄ,未锻炼苗叶片中ＳＯＤ、ＧＲ 活性和ＧＳＨ、ＡｓＡ 含量明显下降,而经冷锻炼的苗则相对比较稳定。从脂质过氧化产物——丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量及幼苗的存活率亦看出：冷锻炼苗具有较低的脂质过氧化水平和较高的幼苗存活率。由此认为：冷锻炼能提高水稻和黄瓜幼苗细胞膜的稳定性,从而增强了耐低温光胁迫的能力     

人脑醛糖还原酶的纯化和一些基本性质

使用DEAE纤维素柱层析、PBE-94层析聚焦、NADP~+-Sepharose 4B亲合层析及SephadexG-100凝胶过滤分离纯化了人脑醛糖还原酶。在DEAE层析中,用咪唑-HCI缓冲液替代了磷酸缓冲液,改善了分离效果。在聚丙烯酰胺及SDS聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳中,纯化的人脑醛糖还原酶均呈一条区带。它的pI为5.6,最适pH为6.5,分子量为36,000,底物特异性和氨基酸组成与其它哺乳动物的醛糖还原酶有相似性。开链式醛糖是醛糖还原酶的真正底物,它在开链式和半缩醛的平衡体系中占比例极小,因而推知醛糖还原酶对此底物有很高的K_(cat)和K_(cat)/K_m值,能有效地将它们还原成相应的醇。     

Proximo-distal pattern regulation in deficient avian limb buds

Summary Deficient limb buds composed of prospective stylopod and autopod are able to regulate the missing intercalary zeugopod, the origin of which was investigated by heterospecific quail/chick recombinants. The associations of quail prospective autopod and chick prospective stylopod failed to regulate. The reverse combination of chick prospective autopod grafted onto a quail prospective stylopod gave rise to a three-segmented limb. In 13 out of 16 cases the regulated zeugopod was made up of both chick and quail cells. Chick cells were located predominantly along the postaxial half of the zeugopod, while the quail cells made up most of its preaxial half. In two cases, the intercalary zeugopod consisted exclusively of chick cells originating from the tip and in one case of quail cells originating from the base.These results demonstrate that during the regulative processes, the prospective values of some of the original stylopodial and autopodial cells have been shifted along the proximo-distal axis, towards the expression of more distal as well as of more proximal structures.Heteropolar stylo-autopodial or zeugo-autopodial recombinants, in which the proximo-distal axis of the base was reversed with respect to that of the tip, were unable to regulate the pattern defects and thus revealed the importance of concordant p-d polarity for regulative processes to take place between abutted tissues.