人染色体8p11(CHRNB3-CHRNA6)区域基因多态性与中国汉族人群肺癌易感性的相关性

为探讨人染色体8p11(CHRNB3-CHRNA6)区域基因多态性与中国汉族人群肺癌遗传易感性之间的关系,文章采用病例-对照研究,对784例肺癌患者和782例性别、年龄、籍贯频数与之相匹配的健康对照中该区域6个标签SNP位点进行基因分型,并统计分析其基因型频率分布与肺癌易感性的关系,以及吸烟在其中的影响。结果发现rs16891561位点TT基因型在60岁以上人群(校正OR=0.42,95%CI=0.20-0.88;P=0.022)、女性人群(校正OR=0.34,95%CI=0.13-0.87;P=0.025)、非吸烟人群中(校正OR=0.32,95%CI=0.13-0.79;P=0.013)对肺癌发生具有保护效应;rs4236926位点TT基因型在60岁以上人群(校正OR=0.48,95%CI=0.23-0.99;P=0.048)、非吸烟人群(校正OR=0.32,95%CI=0.13-0.80;P=0.014)中对肺癌发生具有保护效应,这两种保护效应主要是与腺癌相关。对这两个位点进行累积效应分析发现,含有3~4个变异等位基因型的非吸烟者罹患肺癌的风险显著降低(校正OR=0.29,95%CI=0.11-0.71;P=0.007),并且,含有3~4个变异等位基因型的个体累计吸烟量("包-年"平均数=13.2)与其他个体相比显著降低。由此可见人染色体8p11(CHRNB3-CHRNA6)区域基因多态性与中国汉族人群肺癌易感性和吸烟行为相关。     

Toll样受体5基因多态性与中国人群脓毒症的相关性研究

目的探讨Toll样受体5（Toll-likereceptor5,TLR5）基因多态性位点与脓毒症发生风险及疾病严重程度的相关性。方法采用病例一对照研究设计,募集了255例脓毒症患者和260例对照个体。应用贝克曼公司的商用SNPstream分型技术和PCR—RFLP方法对TLR5基因的3个编码区多态性位点进行分型。采用Logistic回归分析,校正性别、年龄、吸烟和饮酒、慢性病状态、APACHEⅡ评分和脓毒症病因等混杂因素的影响,评价多态性位点与脓毒症的发生风险,以及脓毒症性休克、死亡和器官功能障碍等表型的遗传相关性。结果TLR5基因的3个多态性位点在病例和对照组中的基因型分布均呈哈．温平衡状态。这3个编码区的多态性位点与脓毒症的发生风险和疾病严重程度均无遗传学关联。结论TLR5基因的多态性位点可能在脓毒症的发生、发展和病程转归中不发挥重要作用。     

粘蛋白MUC1 568A/G SNP与辽宁地区人群胃癌遗传易感性的关系

为了探讨粘蛋白(MUC1)基因568位点A/G单核苷酸多态性与胃癌遗传易感性的关系, 采用序列特异性引物-聚合酶链反应(Sequence specific primers PCR, PCR-SSPs)检测来自辽宁地区人群138例胃癌患者及与其配比的131例对照个体MUC1 568 位点A/G多态性, 以ELISA法检测血清H. pylori IgG抗体。结果显示:(1)对照人群MUC1基因568位点AA、AG、GG 3种基因型分布频率分别为73.3%、22.1%、4.6%; (2)胃癌组MUC1 AA基因型携带频率显著高于正常对照组(P=0.03), 携带MUC1 AA基因型个体胃癌的发病风险增高到1.92倍; (3)以MUC1 AG+GG基因型并血清幽门螺杆菌(H. pylori)IgG抗体阴性的个体为对照, AG+GG基因型并H. pylori IgG抗体阳性个体、AA基因型并H. pylori IgG抗体阴性个体、AA基因型并H. pylori IgG抗体阳性个体胃癌患病风险增高, 但3组各组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。说明MUC1基因568位点A/G多态与胃癌的遗传易感性相关; MUC1 A/G基因多态性和H. pylori感染在胃癌发生发展过程未见交互作用。     

亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶基因C677T、G1793A 单核苷酸多态性 与散发性乳腺癌易感性的关系

目的:研究亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)基因C677T、G1793A位点单核苷酸多态性与散发性乳腺癌易感性关系。方法:采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法,对200例乳腺癌患者及200例正常对照者MTHFR基因C677T、G1793A位点单核苷酸多态性进行分析,logistic回归分析不同基因型与乳腺癌风险的关系。结果:乳腺癌组MTHFR 677TT基因型频率为25.00%显著高于正常对照组的10.50%(X2=14.401,P=0.001),CT基因型频率为44.50%低于正常对照组的54.50%,CC基因型频率在乳腺癌组和正常对照组中无差别;MTHFR 1793GA基因型频率为18.50%显著高于正常对照者的8.50%(X2=8.563,P=0.003)。乳腺癌患者MTHFR 677T和1793A等位基因频率分别为47.25%、9.25%,显著高于对照组中的37.75%、4.25%。MTHFR 677TT基因型携带者罹患乳腺癌的风险是677CC基因型携带者的2.732倍(95%CI=1.418～5.051,P=0.001),MTHFR1793GA基因型携带者罹患乳腺癌的风险是1793GG基因型携带者的2.444倍(95%CI=1.325～4.505,P=0.003)。另外,乳腺癌组中MTHFR C677T基因多态性与肿瘤大小相关(x2=7.431,P=0.024,MTHFR G1793A基因多态性与淋巴结转移情况(x2=8.939,P=0.011)、癌组织学分级(x2=9.983,P=0.007)相关。结论:MTHFR C677T、G1793A基因多态性与散发性乳腺癌的易感性相关。     

eNOS基因（894G／T）多态性与HBV感染

为探讨HBV感染临床转归与eNOS基因多态性的关系,选择传染科门诊及住院部2002.2-2004.2诊治的无亲缘关系的重庆地区汉族居民2400人,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)及限制性内切酶技术检测eNOS exon7位点894G/T多态性,应用SPSS软件χ2检验进行统计学处理:首先Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验Pa>0.01,表明拟合度优良,收集病例有良好的代表性;其次乙肝病毒携带与其余任何组比较(急乙肝与肝癌组因例数太少除外)等位基因频率与基因型频率Pb<0.05,乙肝病毒携带 慢乙肝组与肝硬化 重症肝炎组等位基因频率与基因型频率比较Pb<0.05。以非条件logistic回归校正年龄及性别因素进行分层分析,在隐性模式和共显性模式下,eNOS基因位点894G/T SNP与HBV感染后疾病的携带状态显著关联。与894G/T和T/T基因型相比,G/G基因型的个体发展为携带状态的易感性显著增高(隐性模式:OR=1.428 95%CI=1.050-1.942;共显性模式:OR=1.310 95%CI=1.025-1.676)。     

精神分裂症与表皮生长因子4(ERBB4)基因多态性的关联研究

目的:探讨表皮生长因子4(ERBB4)基因多态性与精神分裂症及发病年龄的遗传关联.方法:应用病例时照遗传关联研究设计,采用TaqMan技术检测方法,检测并分析768例精神分裂症患者和813例年龄、性别、民族匹配的正常对照者中ERBB4基因的5个单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点与精神分裂症及发病年龄的关联.结果:ERBB4基因的4个SNPs多态性位点与精神分裂症显著关联(rs1851185, C>T,x2=4.37, P=0.036;rs6435689, C>T,x2=0.772,P=0.009;rs11887531,C>T, x2=6.876, P=0.008;rs12468336, C>T,X2=6.443,P=0.011)与精神分裂症关联,由rs1188753l-rs12468336-rs16847823组成的单体型CCC与精神分裂症关联(x2=7.519,P=0.006),并与精神分裂症发病年龄关联(CCC携带者20.17±3.87岁,非CCC携带者23.01±4.85岁,t=2.98,P=0.032).结论:ERBB4基因多态性可能与精神分裂症发病机制关联.     

多基因SNP位点及多种危险因素与老年汉族冠心病的关联分析

目的:探索老年冠心病多基因遗传易感性基础及相关的危险因素。方法:采用病例-对照研究方法,共入选老年汉族冠心病患者246例,非冠心病患者185例,纳入性别、年龄、吸烟,饮酒,高血压史、糖尿病史、高脂血症史、同型半胱氨酸、氨基末端脑钠肽前体、超敏C反应蛋白、抗凝血酶III、胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白共15种危险因素与冠心病的关联性进行logistic回归分析。同时使用美国Sequenom高通量基因多态性分型技术研究了10种基因11个单核苷酸基因多态性(SNP)位点与冠心病的关联性。结果:15种危险因素中,发现增龄、高血压、抗凝血酶III(ATIII)下降是冠心病主要的危险因素,P<0.05。11个SNPs中3个SNP,血小板糖蛋白GP1BA rs2243093(-5T/C),血管紧张素转化酶ACE rs4332(547C/T)与ATIII rs2227589(893C/T)与老年汉族患者冠心病相关联。rs2243093(-5T/C)突变基因型CC与TT+AT比较,P=0.029(OR=3.41,CI:1.19-9.75);rs4332(547C/T)杂合型TC与CC+TT相比,P=0.003(OR=0.56,CI:0.38-0.82);rs2227589(893C/T),CT+CT与野生基因型CC相比较,P=0.003(OR=1.79,CI:1.22-2.63)。结论:增龄、抗凝血酶III下降、高血压是影响老年冠心病的主要危险因素,血小板、抗凝血系统、肾素-血管紧张素系统三种机制参与了老年冠心病的发生与发展。     

中国北方汉族人群核呼吸因子-1基因+141G/T单核苷酸多态与冠心病发病的关联研究

目的:本研究旨在探讨IRF-1基因+141 G/T单核苷酸多态位点与中国北方汉族人群冠心病发病的相关关系。方法:本研究采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性对经过冠脉造影证实的冠状动脉有一条主要分支狭窄大于70%的675例冠心病患者和经过冠状动脉造影证实冠状动脉狭窄小于20%或完全正常的636例对照患者进行检验检,分析核呼吸因子IRF-1基因+141G/T单核苷酸多态位点的基因型和等位基因频率在两组间的分布情况。结果:核呼吸因子IRF-1基因+141 G/T单核苷酸多态位点三种基因型(GG型,GT型和TT型)在中国北方汉族人群冠心病组的分布频率分别为53.8%,36.2%和10.1%,在对照组的分布频率分别为45.6%,46.2%和8.2%,核呼吸因子IRF-1基因+141 G/T单核苷酸多态位点的基因型和等位基因频率分布在对照组和冠心病组之间存在统计学差异(P0.05)。Logistic回归分别校正冠心病的其他危险因素性别、年龄、体重指数、吸烟、高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病等后,核呼吸因子IRF-1基因+141 G/T单核苷酸多态位点与中国北方汉族人群的冠心病的发病存在相关关系(P0.05)。结论:核呼吸因子IRF-1基因+141 G/T单核苷酸多态与中国北方汉族人群冠心病的发病存在相关关系,IRF-1基因+141 G/T多态可能是中国北方汉族人群冠心病发病的独立危险因子。     

白细胞介素23 受体基因rs6682925 多态与冠心病发病的相关关系

目的:本研究探讨白细胞介素23受体(Interleukin 23 Receptor,IL23R)基因单核苷酸多态位点(rs1884444与rs6682925)与中国北方汉族人群冠心病发病的相关关系。方法:本研究采用病例-对照的设计方法,收集568名冠心病患者以及45岁以上、年龄及性别匹配的524名正常对照个体为研究对象,采用测序法检测IL23R rs1884444与rs6682925单核苷酸多态性基因型,分析IL23R基因rs1884444与rs6682925单核苷酸多态位点的基因型及等位基因的分布情况。结果:IL23R rs6682925与rs1884444单核苷酸多态位点的基因型频率符合Hardy-Weinberg定律。IL23R基因rs6682925单核苷酸多态位点的三种基因型分布频率(CC型,TC型和TT型)在冠心病组为22.9%,39.6%和37.5%,在对照组分别为41.7%,47.2%和11.1%,IL23R基因rs6682925单核苷酸多态位点C等位基因是冠心病发病的一个独立的危险因素(P0.05);IL23R基因rs1884444单核苷酸位点的基因型和等位基因的频率在对照组和冠心病组之间不存在统计学差异(P0.05)。Logistic回归校正性别、年龄、体重指数、吸烟、高血压、高脂血症、糖尿病等冠心病的易患因素后,IL23R基因rs6682925 C等位基因仍是冠心病发病一个独立危险因素。结论:在中国北方汉族人群中,IL23R基因rs6682925 C等位基因可能是冠心病发病的独立危险因素。     

MMP-9基因多态性与缺血性脑卒中发病及预后的相关性研究

目的:研究基质金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)基因多态性与缺血性脑卒中(IS)发病及预后的相关性,为IS的防治提供新的理论依据。方法:选取治疗的IS患者100例,根据TOAST分型标准分为大动脉粥样硬化型(LAA)组41例,小动脉阻塞型(SAO)组59例,并选取健康体检者40例作为对照组,采用PCR-RFLP法检测各组MMP-9基因C1562T、R279Q多态性,并对IS患者进行3个月的随访,采用Logistic回归分析C1562T、R279Q多态性与IS患者预后的相关性。结果:LAA组、SAO组MMP-9基因C1562T位点T等位基因、C/T+T/T基因型频数均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),LAA组、SAO组C1562T位点C等位基因、C/C基因型频数及R279Q位点等位基因和基因型频数与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);Logistic回归分析显示,MMP-9各型别基因与预后无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:MMP-9基因C1562T的T等位基因是IS发病的穿易感基因之一,但MMP-9基因多态性与IS患者的预后并无明显相关性。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细