肝脏局灶性结节的超声造影诊断

目的:分析探讨超声造影在肝脏局灶性结节中的应用价值,为以后的临床诊断提供可靠性参考。方法:回顾性分析2011.10-2013.9期间来我院门诊以及住院的40例经病理证实为肝脏局灶性结节患者的超声造影表现,通过二维灰阶超声检查,40名患者共发现50个结节。患者先后进行肝脏超声造影检查及超声引导下经皮肝穿刺活检术。总结病例之间的相关关系以及造影表现的特殊性与一般性。结果:超声造影对肝脏良恶性病灶的诊断能力很好,对结节的敏感性85.8%,特异性99%、阳性预测值95%,阴性预测值96%,准确率95%。结论:肝脏局灶性结节的超声造影诊断有助于临床上判定局灶性结节良恶性,可以为临床提供更好的诊断依据,但是,由于许多假阳性的原因,故对于某些缺乏特异性的超声造影表现,需要其他方法或是穿刺活检进行辅助检查。     

超声造影具较高肝硬化合并小肝癌的早期诊断率

为研究超声造影(CEUS)对肝硬化合并小肝癌(SHCC)的早期诊断价值,本研究随机选取肝硬化合并小肝癌患者33例,共计病灶36个。对透明细胞癌病灶的造影显示,其开始增强时间和增强峰值时间均大于中、低、高分化癌,而开始消退时间显著大于中低分化癌,显著低于高分化癌(p0.05);对小肝癌病灶的造影显示,开始增强时间与增强峰值时间差异不显著(p0.05),而高分化癌的开始消退时间显著高于中低分化癌(p0.05);关于超声造影增强模式,病灶在不同分化期呈现出了不同的造影特点。超声造影后,10个病灶较超声造影前诊断评分有所提高,其中5个病灶的诊断评分较超声造影前提高2分。经回顾性分析算得91.67%的病灶检出病情,69.44%的病灶可确诊。结果表明,超声造影对肝硬化合并小肝癌的确诊率较高,本研究为肝硬化合并小肝癌的临床分析提供了诊断依据。     

肝动脉造影和碘油CT 对小肝癌的诊断( 附15 例报告)

目的：探讨肝动脉造影和碘油CT对小肝癌诊断和临床应用价值。材料和方法：临床诊断肝癌术后复发、超声、平扫厦增CT检查、MRI检查肝内病灶最大径≤1cm患者15例。经股动脉插管肝动脉造影观察肿瘤染色后再注入碘油4～12ml。1—4周后作CT扫描,再根据CT检查结果作出诊断。结果：15例共发现42个病灶。在41个小肝癌病灶中五种影像方法检出率分别为超声70．6％,CT60％,MRI66％,血管造影88．5％,碘油CT99％。肝动脉造影和碘油CT均明显为优。结论：本研究显示肝动脉造影和碘油CT是目前诊断小肝癌最敏感和准确的影像方法之一。     

超声造影在肝癌射频消融治疗前后的临床价值研究

目的:探讨实时超声造影(contrast-enhanced ultrasonography,CEUS)在原发性肝癌射频消融(radiofrequency ablation,RFA)微创介入前后治疗临床应用价值的研究。方法:通过分析139例肝癌患者175个病灶在超声引导下射频消融(RFA)治疗,对病灶数量、大小、边界、内部回声、造影剂灌注情况进行对比分析,及治疗后与增强CT结果进行对照。结果:射频消融前,超声造影显示82个病灶表现为动脉早期抱球状、弥漫或轻度增强;治疗1-3个月后超声造影判定89.1%(156/175)的病灶达到完全消融,10.9%(19/175)的病灶消融不完全;增强CT判定84.6%(148/175)的病灶达到完全消融,15.4%(27/175)的病灶消融不完全,治疗后超声造影检查结果与CT增强检查结果一致,两者在病灶残留复发的敏感性、特异性、准确性等方面比较无显著性差异,P>0.01。结论:实时超声造影(CEUS)能准确判断RFA对肿瘤消融的范围及程度,是一种指导治疗,判定治疗后疗效的新方法,在原发性肝癌(RFA)微创介入治疗中具有很高的临床应用价值。     

胶质母细胞瘤术后MRI特征及其意义

目的:探讨胶质母细胞瘤术后瘤周梗塞的MRI特征,并评价其临床意义.方法:收集54例胶质母细胞瘤患者的临床、病理及影像学资料,全部患者于术后72小时内进行了MRI检查,并在6个月内进行MRI随访复查,回顾性分析术后临床及MRI表现.结果:术后72小时内MRI研究发现39例存在DW1局灶性弥散受限,病变位于肿瘤切除后空穴区附近.随访MRI研究发现90%的弥散受限病灶已发展成为囊性脑软化,提示原来的局灶性弥散受限为脑梗塞表现,增强扫描44%的梗塞区有异常强化.9例手术后并发神经功能缺失,其中6例与MRI梗塞的分布区域密切相关.结论:恶性胶质瘤术后DWI弥散受限是一种脑梗塞表现,并具有一定临床意义,MRI随访观察中梗塞区异常强化容易误诊为肿瘤复发.     

CT与MRI对肝硬化背景下小肝癌检出率的比较

目的:分析比较CT与MR对肝硬化背景下小肝癌检出情况,探究CT与MR在肝硬化背景下小肝癌的诊断价值。方法:选择2010年6月~2015年6月期间,我院收治确诊为肝硬化背景下小肝癌患者91例为研究对象,病理及临床相关方法确诊102个病灶,其中小肝癌69个和微小肝癌33个,患者均在不同时期或序列下行多排螺旋CT与MRI检查,分析比较两者对小肝癌和微小肝癌的检出率。结果:多排螺旋CT检查发现肝癌小病灶91个,其中66个小肝癌,25个微小肝癌;MRI检查发现95个病灶,小肝癌67个,微小肝癌28个;69个小肝癌病灶,检出率最高的为CT动脉期(92.75%)与LAVA动脉期(92.75%),检出率最低的为CT平扫(76.81%);33个微小肝癌病灶,检出率最高为LAVA动脉期(75.76%),检出率最低的为LAVA平衡期(36.36%);CT平扫、门静脉期、动脉期、平衡期、MRI-IN-PHASE、LAVA平衡期、LAVA平扫对小肝癌的检出率显著高于对微小肝癌的检出率(P0.05);CT对小肝癌的检出率显著高于微小肝癌的检出率(P0.05),MRI对小肝癌与微小肝癌的检出率无显著差异(P0.05);MRI与CT对小肝癌的检出率不存在差异(P0.05),但MRI对微小肝癌的检出率显著高于CT(P0.05)。结论:MRI-LAVA的动脉期序列对小肝癌病灶与微小肝癌病灶的检出率最高;CT与MRI在对小肝癌的检出率不存在差异,但MRI对微小肝癌的检出具有更明显的优势。     

超声造影较彩色多普勒超声在诊断肝实质性肿块的优势

探讨超声造影与彩色多普勒超声在肝实质性肿块诊断中的应用价值。对难以定性的37例共45个肝实质性肿块均采用超声造影与彩色多普勒超声检查,并将检查结果与手术病理结果对照。结果显示:37例病患的45个肝实质性肿块中,超声造影的检出率为86.67%,较彩色多普勒的检出率44.44%具有明显优势。其中超声造影检测出原发性肿瘤有26例,而彩色多普勒超声仅检测出13例,漏诊较多。而用两种方法对肝实质性肿块进行检测发现,对30 mm肿块的准确率两种方法都达到了100%的准确度,但对于10~30 mm和10 mm的肿块,彩色多普勒超声的准确率明显处于弱势,其对10~30 mm的肿块的检出准确率仅为76.19%,而超声造影对10 mm的肿块的检出准确率都有77.86%,其对10~30 mm的肿块检出准确率更是高达90.48%。37例患者均成功进行超声造影检查,除2个肝孤立性坏死结节外,45个肝实质性肿块中43个病灶均在不同时相出现不同程度的强化现象,造影剂无退出可能为良性病灶,造影剂早期退出病灶可能为恶性病灶;超声造影对肝实质性肿块的检出率显著高于彩色多普勒超声(p0.05),且对其大小的检测准确率也显著高于彩色多普勒超声。与彩色多普勒超声相比,超声造影技术诊断难以定性的肝实质性肿块的准确率较高,对鉴别诊断肝实质性肿块的良恶性具有重要意义,可为临床诊断治疗提供重要的影像学依据。     

超声造影检查对早期甲状腺单发结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值

目的:建立以甲状腺单发结节超声诊断为变量的回归模型,分析比较超声造影与常规超声检查对甲状腺单发结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值。方法:选择来我院就诊的甲状腺单发结节患者274例,让所有患者均接受常规超声检查和超声造影检查,并手术后进行病理诊断,建立相应回归模型,评价超声造影对甲状腺单发性良恶性结节的鉴别诊断价值,为临床检查及治疗提供参考。结果:超声造影检查的良恶性检出率均优于常规超声检查。超声造影检查良性结节检出率为65.69%,恶性检出率为34.31%,敏感度96.70%,特异度95.65%,准确率96.35%,均优于常规超声检查。Logistic回归分析显示,钙化、达峰时间、增强程度及最大灌注强度以上四项特征出现的越多,待测的甲状腺结节越有可能是恶性结节。结论:超声造影对良、恶性甲状腺单发结节的鉴别具有重要的临床诊断意义。     

CT灌注成像在鉴别肝细胞癌和肝局灶性结节增生中的价值分析

目的探讨CT灌注成像在鉴别肝细胞癌和肝局灶性结节增生中的临床价值。方法选取我院2016年1月~2017年12月收治的30例肝细胞癌患者为实验组,30例肝局灶性结节增生患者为对照组,两组患者均行CT平扫及全肝灌注扫描,并对两组患者实性部分CT灌注值、肝细胞癌实性成分、灶周组织、远处肝组织CT灌注值以及肝局灶性结节增生实性部分、远处肝组织CT灌注值进行分析比较。结果实验组患者实性部分肝动脉灌注量、肝动脉灌注指数明显低于对照组,门静脉灌注量明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。在实验组中,与灶周、远处肝组织比较,病灶肝动脉灌注量、肝动脉灌注指数明显升高,门静脉灌注量明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。在对照组中,与远处肝组织比较,病灶肝动脉灌注量、肝动脉灌注指数明显升高,门静脉灌注量明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论通过对比分析肝细胞癌与肝局灶性结节增生的CT灌注值,可知CT灌注成像对二者鉴别诊断有着十分积极的临床价值。     

肝脏局灶性结节增生的超声诊断

目的探讨超声对肝脏局灶性结节增生的诊断价值。方法采用基波超声对37例肝脏局灶性结节增生（FNH）进行检查,并进行超声造影。结果基波超声37例呈稍低回声或稍高回声,其中4例（10．8％）病灶中心回声不均,可见不规则低回声,血供丰富。超声造影提示动脉期37例（100％）高增强,其中7例（18．9％）可见特征性轮辐状增强。门脉期30例（81．1％）呈高增强,7例（18．9％）呈稍高或等增强。实质期20例（54．1％）呈高增强,17例（45．9％）呈等增强。结论超声对肝脏局灶性结节增生的诊断具有一定特征性,超声造影能提高对FNH的诊断准确性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.