携带GFP绿色荧光标记的重组BAC-HSV-1HF株的构建及其子代病毒的特性研究

本研究旨在构建由细菌人工染色体(Bacteria artificial chromosome,BAC)携带的单纯疱疹I型病毒质粒及携带绿色荧光蛋白(Green fluorescent protein,GFP)的重组型BAC-HSV-1感染性子代病毒。构建了携带HSV-1同源臂的质粒C223-UL43左臂-UL47右臂。将该质粒线性化后与HSV-1基因组共转染至Vero细胞,通过真核细胞内同源重组产生了含有GFP报告基因的BAC-HSV-1重组病毒,噬斑纯化筛选出阳性重组病毒,并再次感染Vero细胞,Hirt法提取BAC-HSV-1环形基因组并将其电穿孔入DH10B感受态细胞,由PCR和酶切法鉴定BAC-HSV-1质粒。为研究BAC-HSV-1子代病毒的生物学特性,将实验组和对照组细胞分别给予BAC-HSV-1质粒和HSV-1基因组DNA,收取病变细胞的上清液,以MOI=0.1再次感染Vero细胞,半数组织培养感染剂量(50% tissue culture infective dose,TCID50)法测定两组的病毒滴度。PCR和酶切法分别鉴定BAC-HSV-1,结果示BAC-HSV-1构建成功。TCID50法测定实验组和对照组病毒滴度,经统计学分析两组病毒滴度间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。本研究成功地构建了真核细胞和原核细胞间穿梭的HSV-1-BAC重组病毒/质粒。     

SiRNA干扰HSV-1即刻早期基因α22效应的初步分析

以HSV1即刻早期基因α22为靶点,应用T7RNA聚合酶体外合成siRNA1和siRNA2序列,脂质体转染法将其导入Hep2或KMB17细胞,再接种HSV1病毒,通过细胞形态和病毒滴度的测定,初步探索了siRNA干扰α22基因的的效应。结果表明,在Hep2中,转染siRNA的实验组与对照组的细胞病变时间相同,子代病毒的生长曲线也没有显著差异;而分别转染或共同转染siRNA1和siRNA2于“限制"性细胞KMB17中,接种病毒后,ICP22特异的siRNA对HSV1的复制则表现了相应的干扰作用,细胞病变慢,子代病毒的最高滴度峰值出现较晚。     

SiRNA干扰HSV-1即刻早期基因α22效应的初步分析

以HSV1即刻早期基因α22为靶点,应用T7 RNA聚合酶体外合成siRNA-1和siRNA-2序列,脂质体转染法将其导入Hep-2或KMB17细胞,再接种HSV1病毒,通过细胞形态和病毒滴度的测定,初步探索了siRNA干扰α22基因的的效应.结果表明,在Hep-2中,转染siRNA的实验组与对照组的细胞病变时间相同,子代病毒的生长曲线也没有显著差异;而分别转染或共同转染siRNA-1和siRNA-2 于"限制"性细胞KMB-17中,接种病毒后,ICP22特异的siRNA对HSV1的复制则表现了相应的干扰作用,细胞病变慢,子代病毒的最高滴度峰值出现较晚.     

建立以EGFP为报告基因检测HSV感染的细胞株

通过PCR扩增HSV-1ICP6启动子目的基因片段,克隆至真核表达载体pEGFP-1构建重组质粒pICP6-EGFP,转染Vero细胞,经G418筛选获得稳定转染细胞株Vero-ICP6-EGFP细胞。以不同量的HSV-1感染Vero-ICP6-EGFP细胞,分别以倒置荧光显微镜和流式细胞术检测EGFP荧光的量和强度。结果表明,转染细胞株Vero-ICP6-EGFP感染HSV-16h后,倒置荧光显微镜下即可检测绿色荧光;流式细胞术检测结果表明,EGFP荧光的量及强度随HSV-1病毒的滴度增加而增加。已建立的以EGFP为报告基因的Vero-ICP6-EGFP细胞株具有早期、快速、灵敏等优点,特异性较高,可望用于HSV感染的快速诊断及抗病毒药物的检测。     

HSV-1间层蛋白VP22转录调控功能的分析

HSV-1间层蛋白是一类重要的功能蛋白,在病毒复制的多个环节中具有重要意义．为了解主要间层蛋白VP22在病毒复制过程中的生物学特性,本实验利用氯霉素乙酰转移酶系统,分析了VP22对病毒启动子的转录调控功能,结果表明VP22对HSV-1觯,TK和gC基因启动子明显具有剂量效应关系的转录抑制作用;VP22也能抑制病毒不同转录调控因子（VP16和ICP0）对启动子的转录激活作用,尤其明显抑制ICP0对TK和gC基因启动子的转录激活作用;VP22能明显抑制组蛋白乙酰转移酶PCAF对ICP0转录激活的促进作用,此抑制作用较VP22抑制ICP0的转录激活作用更为显著．VP22对其他病毒启动子的转录抑制效应,在内对照实验β-gal活性分析中也得到了证明．     

甲型肝炎病毒Vero细胞适应株的选育研究

将甲肝患者粪便中分离的甲型肝炎病毒在Vero细胞中进行适应性培养 ,选育高滴度适应株应用于甲肝灭活疫苗研究。在Vero细胞上连续传代 ,测抗原滴度和感染性滴度 ,满意后按WHO推荐的甲型肝炎灭活疫苗规程进行灭活疫苗试制研究。经Vero细胞 14次适应性传代后 ,病毒抗原滴度可高达 1∶2 5 6 0 ,感染性滴度为 8.2 3LogC CID50 /ml。试制的灭活疫苗HPSEC检测在 2 80nm时仅有一个高峰 ,SDS PAGE电泳 ,在 2 2kD、2 6kD和 33kD处有三条蛋白带 ,和HAVVP3、VP2和VP1的位置相同。ICR小鼠效力试验表明疫苗剂量 16 0 0EU/ml与Merck疫苗5 0U效果相似。通过研究获得了Vero细胞甲肝病毒适应株YN5株 ,初步证明可作为甲型肝炎灭活疫苗的候选毒株。     

生物反应器培养轮状病毒基因重配株Ls条件的优化

目的轮状病毒基因重配株Ls(G3型)在生物反应器微载体培养Vero细胞条件的优化。方法采用3 L生物反应器微载体培养Vero细胞,观察Ls株在不同病毒感染复数(0.001、0.002、0.010、0.040 MOI)、不同温度(34.5℃和35.5℃)、不同病毒收获时间(24和48 h)对病毒增殖的影响。根据病毒滴度和收获量筛选出最适MOI、培养温度及病毒的收获时间。结果以0.002 MOI接种Vero细胞,温度为34.5℃培养病毒,滴度最高达7.50 lg CCID50/m L;48 h可连续收获4次病毒液,且收获总量及病毒滴度均高于24 h。结论通过对Ls株在生物反应器微载体Vero细胞培养条件的优化,获得的病毒液滴度高及连续培养多次收获量增加的有效方法,为进一步规模化培养奠定了基础。     

微载体灌注培养制备Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗

本文研究在生物反应器中用微载体连续灌注培养Vero细胞生产狂犬病毒制备技术。在5L体积的生物反应器中,加入含10g/L微载体的199培养基,接种Vero细胞至细胞浓度达到1×105/mL,培养7d后细胞可生长至6~7×106/mL,然后以感染复数(MOI)为0.01接种狂犬病毒VaG株,接毒后24h开始收获,连续收获12d左右,收获的病毒滴度范围在6.0~8.5logLD50/mL,收获的病毒原液经浓缩、灭活和纯化等步骤制备成疫苗,各项质量指标均达到《中国生物制品规程》2000年版要求。实验表明,用生物反应器微载体灌注培养制备人用Vero细胞狂犬病疫苗小试工艺可行。     

单纯疱疹病毒1型VP16蛋白和VHS蛋白研究进展

单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)为有包膜的DNA病毒,能引起皮肤性疱疹、角膜炎、脑炎等症状。HSV-1感染细胞后,要么进入裂解性感染阶段,要么进入潜伏感染阶段。受感染的细胞常会启动免疫系统抵抗病毒,而病毒却通过某种机制巧妙地逃避宿主的免疫反应并进入潜伏。进入潜伏感染阶段的病毒又会因机体受某种刺激而被激活进入裂解感染期。在这期间,有两个关键的病毒蛋白一间层蛋白(Viral protein16,VP16)和内膜蛋白(Virion host shutoff protein,VHS)倍受关注,它们既是HSV-1的结构蛋白,在病毒复制晚期参与病毒颗粒的组装,同时又作为重要的功能蛋白…     

单纯疱疹病毒1型VP16蛋白和VHS蛋白研究进展

单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)为有包膜的DNA病毒,能引起皮肤性疱疹、角膜炎、脑炎等症状.HSV-1感染细胞后,要么进入裂解性感染阶段,要么进入潜伏感染阶段.受感染的细胞常会启动免疫系统抵抗病毒,而病毒却通过某种机制巧妙地逃避宿主的免疫反应并进入潜伏.进入潜伏感染阶段的病毒又会因机体受某种刺激而被激活进入裂解感染期.在这期间,有两个关键的病毒蛋白一间层蛋白(Viral protein 16,VP16)和内膜蛋白(Virion host shutoff protein,VHS)倍受关注,它们既是HSV-1的结构蛋白,在病毒复制晚期参与病毒颗粒的组装,同时又作为重要的功能蛋白,在病毒感染早期发挥重要的转录调节功能.下面就这两个蛋白相关功能的研究进展作一简要综述:     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。