碳源和氮源对毛栓菌菌丝体生长和漆酶分泌的影响

木质素是一种高度复杂的,由宋丙烷为基本结构单元构成的芳香族高分子化合物,是仅次于纤维素的第二大再生有机资源。木质素的结构使其难于降解,大多数生物不能直接利用,从而造成这一资源的巨大浪费,同时木质素的降解及其相关酶类在生物制浆和环境保护中具有重要意义。木质素生物降解酶主要有木素过氧化物酶。锰过氧化物酶、漆酶和多酚氧化酶等,国外已有黄泡原毛平革菌[1]和杂色云芝[2－6]的有关研究报道,但未见该菌的有关报道。国内周金燕[7]、秦小琼[8]等曾研究真菌漆酶。本文对毛栓菌产生漆酶的条件进行了探讨,以便为其在造纸和环…     

彩绒革盖菌CV—8漆酶活性的初步研究

木质素是一种高度复杂的不定形的芳香族化合物,是仅次于纤维素的第二大再生有机资源,木质素的微生物降解及其有关酶类在制浆造纸工业和环境保护方面具有较大潜力。木质素的生物降解酶主要有木素过氧化物酶、漆酶、锰过氧化物酶和多酚氧化酶等。国外该方面的研究已有不少报道［1－5］,但多集中在黄抱原毛平革菌（Phanerochaetechrysosporium）木素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶方面的研究;Leatham和Stahmam曾研究了香菇（Lentinusedodes）的漆酶特性[6];国内有关研究报道较少[7,8],至今未见彩绒革盖菌漆酶研究的报道。我们就此做了些探讨…     

彩绒革盖菌CV—8漆酶和多酚氧化酶活性

彩绒革盖菌（Ｃｏｒｉｌｕｓｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌｏｒ）是一种具有木质素降解能力的白腐菌,其降解木素的能力主要取决于木质素过氧化物酶、漆酶、多酚氧化酶和愈创木酚氧化酶的活力高低,所以研究其活力和分泌情况对木质素的生物降解、生物制浆和环境保护具有十分重要的意义。国外已有彩绒革盖菌漆酶的报道［１,２］,但主要集中在漆酶对木质素作用后所造成的木质素结构上的变化,有关漆酶和多酚氧化酶的活性分析报道较少［３］;国内有关的研究报道更少［４,５］,至今未见彩绒革盖菌漆酶和多酚氧化酶的研究报道。本文主要测定了彩绒革盖菌…     

侧耳菌与粗毛栓菌在麦草培养基中产生木质纤维素降解酶的研究

草本植物,包括农作物秸杆的木质素主要是由松柏醇、芥子醇和对香豆醇的脱氢聚合物和对香豆酸组成[1,2],是结构复杂、稳定、多样的生物大分子物质.虽难于被一般微生物降解,但自然界中仍存在一些可降解木质素的微生物种类,白腐真菌是最重要的一类,它们通过分泌漆酶(Laccases,Lac)、木质素过氧化物酶(Lignin peroxidases,LiP)、锰过氧化物酶(Manganese-dependent peroxidases,MnP)、纤维素酶(Cellulas-es,Cel)和半纤维素酶(Hemicellulases,Hcel)等降解植物生物质.由于白腐菌在造纸工业中的生物制浆和纸浆生物漂白、环境保护等方面[4]有着很好的应用前景,因此倍受关注. 本研究选用在液体培养基中产酶能力强且产酶较快的白腐真菌侧耳sp2和粗毛栓菌[5]进行固体培养,研究它们产生木质纤维素降解酶类和降解植物生物质的能力.研究结果报道如下.     

黄孢原毛平革菌抗营养阻遏产漆酶诱变育种及其产酶特性

【目的】筛选能抗营养阻遏产漆酶的黄孢原毛平革菌,论证其产漆酶的确定性及抗营养阻遏产木质素酶的可行性,为白腐菌产酶代谢调控、木质素降解机理的研究奠定基础。【方法】利用重复紫外诱变法,以愈创木酚富氮鉴别培养基筛选目标菌株;比较不同营养条件下菌体生长与产酶动力学差异研究产酶营养调控机理;通过热处理、排除锰离子和加入过氧化氢酶等不同措施论证黄孢原平毛平革菌能否产生漆酶。【结果】3种不同方法均证实选育到的pcR5305和pcR5324菌株在限氮与富氮条件下均能产生漆酶,pcR5305和pcR5324在限氮条件下产漆酶分别达到203.5、187.6 U/L;在富氮条件下为220.6、183.9 U/L,而原菌株pc530在两种条件下都基本不产生漆酶。二菌株产漆酶调控方式不同,pcR5305漆酶产生与菌体生长同步,而pcR5324漆酶产生却受营养氮阻遏。二菌株同时具有抗营养阻遏高产木质素过氧化物酶(LiP)和锰过氧化物酶(MnP)(分别为LiP 1343.2、MnP 252.2 U/L;LiP 1169.5、MnP 172.4 U/L)的能力。【结论】筛选到的黄孢原毛平革菌变异菌株能产漆酶,同时表现了抗营养阻遏产漆酶、木质素过氧化物酶和锰过氧化物酶的能力,具有重要的生产应用与理论研究价值,为白腐菌产酶代谢调控机理研究提供了原始菌株并奠定了良好的基础。     

木材白腐菌分解木质素的酶系统-锰过氧化物酶、漆酶和木质素过氧化物酶催化分解木质素的机制

<正>近年来许多研究者进行了木材白腐菌分解木质素的酶系统对木质素的催化分解机制的研究。木材白腐菌在分解木质素的过程中会产生分解木质素的酶系统,氧化与分解木质素,这些酶系统主要包括细胞外过氧化物酶(锰过氧化物酶-MnP、木质素过氧化物酶-LiP)和细胞外酚氧化酶-漆酶(laccase)。在降解     

木质素酶及其生产菌的筛选育种

木质素酶降解木质纤维素材料中的木质素,使木质素-半纤维素-纤维素结构解体,纤维素得以暴露出来供后续步骤处理.它广泛应用于生物制浆、生物漂白、废水处理等工业过程中.由于近年利用可再生木质纤维素材料用酶法水解生产酒精成了研究热点,因而作为纤维素材料生物转化工艺预处理过程中的关键角色,木质素酶也极大地唤起人们的研究兴趣.本文介绍了木质素与白腐真菌(Phanerochaete chrysosporium)木质素降解酶系的特征以及锰过氧化物酶、木质素过氧化物酶、漆酶等3种木质素酶的催化作用机理,归纳了目前流行的木质素酶产生菌的筛选方法及近年来从自然界筛选木质素酶高产菌的种类,并对产木质素酶野生菌株的诱变育种与基因工程改造的进展进行了阐述.     

粗毛栓菌胞外锰过氧化物酶的纯化及性质

培养于麦草粉上的白腐担子菌粗毛栓菌分泌胞外木质纤维素降解酶(纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、漆酶、锰过氧化物酶和木质素过氧化物酶)。经过超滤、盐析、离子交换层析、凝胶过滤和活性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳等步骤,获得了初步纯化的锰过氧化物酶组分。利用变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和等电点聚焦技术所测定的锰过氧化物酶的相对分子质量和等电点分别为35.7 ku和pI 2.8。研究结果表明,所纯化的锰过氧化物酶在407nm处具有最大光吸收峰,该酶最适作用pH值和温度分别为pH 5.3和35℃。     

糙皮侧耳（Pleurotus ostreatus SR—2）产漆酶条件及漆酶性质的研究

在植物界中,木质素是仅次于纤维素的一种最丰富的大分子有机物质,是复杂的芳香族聚合物,是极具潜力的一种资源。木素的微生物降解酶类在制浆造纸工业、纸浆生物漂白、废水处理及饮料加工工艺等方面具有很大的研究价值和应用潜力。自然界中木素的降解主要是通过丝状真菌,主要由白腐担子菌的分解作用来完成,白腐菌降解木质素是通过其分泌的酶的作用来实现。降解木质素的酶主要有3种,即木索过氧化物酶（LigninPeroxidase,简称LiP）,依赖锰的过氧化物酶（Manganese－dependentPerokidase,简称MnP）和漆酶（Laccase）[1]。国外已在…     

白腐菌木质素降解酶及其在木质素降解过程中的相互作用

木质素是一类不易降解的生物物质,在自然界中,白腐真菌对木质素的降解能力最强.白腐真菌降解木质素主要依靠分泌的三种酶:木质素过氧化物酶(Lip)、锰过氧化物酶(MnP)和漆酶(Lac).对白腐真菌分泌的三种木质素降解酶在性质、分布等方面进行了比较,系境地介绍三种木质素降解酶的催化作用,并阐述其在木质素降解过程中的相互作用.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.