106例宫颈炎患者支原体检测及抗生素敏感性分析

目的：对本地区宫颈炎患者解脲脲原体（Uu）和人型支原体（Mh）进行监测,分析抗生素敏感情况,为临床诊疗提供实验依据。方法：无菌采集宫颈炎患者宫颈分泌物,用支原体培养、鉴定、药敏试剂盒进行培养和药敏试验。结果：支原体总检出率为71.70%。Uu检出率为52.83%,Uu合并Mh检出率16.04%,Mh检出率为2.83%。56例单纯Uu株体外抗生素敏感性显示：对四环素族多西环素100%、美满霉素98.21%高度敏感;对大环内酯类敏感性不一：克拉霉素96.43%,阿奇霉素91.07%,交沙霉素76.79%,红霉素67.86%,罗红霉素32.14%;对喹诺酮类如加替沙星83.93%较敏感,而对左氧氟沙星,司帕沙星敏感性差;对克林霉素和甲砜霉素不敏感;17例Uu合并Mh的抗生素敏感性为：美满霉素100%,多西环素100%,交沙霉素88.23%,加替沙星64.7%,对左氧氟沙星、司帕沙星、红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素,罗红霉素、甲砜霉素、克林霉素均不敏感。3株单纯Mh例数少未做统计。结论：宫颈炎患者中支原体检出率较高,其中单纯Uu检出率较Uu、Mh混合阳性率高,对四环素类、大环内酯类族中的多数抗生素敏感,治疗选择余地大。Uu、Mh混合敏感性抗生素种类少,应优先选择四环素类抗生素治疗。     

支原体对抗生素的体外敏感性研究

目的研究非淋菌性尿道(宫颈)炎(NGU)患者支原体对12种抗生素敏感性,指导临床治疗。方法男性标本取尿道拭子．女性标本取宫颈拭子,采用支原体培养鉴定及药敏试剂盒进行体外药敏测定。结果126株解脲支原体(Uu)对12种抗生素敏感性从高至低依次为交沙霉素、强力霉素、美满霉素、克拉霉素、四环素、阿奇霉素、罗红霉素、司帕沙星、甲砜霉素、红霉素、可乐必妥和壮观霉素。12株人型支原体(Mh)对12种抗生素敏感性从高至低依次为交沙霉素、强力霉素、美满霉素、司帕沙星、四环素、壮观霉素、可乐必妥、甲砜霉素、红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素和罗红霉素。结论支原体耐药情况相当普遍。Uu、Mh对相同抗生素具有不同的敏感性。治疗时可依据药敏结果选择用药。     

沙井地区384例支原体药敏试验结果及分析

目的:了解本地区社区感染支原体的药物敏感情况。方法:对门诊标本培养出的384例支原体进行药敏试验(微量肉汤法)。结果:Uu对交沙霉素、克拉霉素及罗红霉素敏感性高,敏感率分别为98%、94%及93%;对环丙沙星、大观霉素耐药性高,敏感率分别为8%及11%。Mh对交沙霉素敏感率为89%、对大现霉素、多西环素、美满霉素的敏感率均为78%;对罗红霉素、红霉素耐药性高,敏感率分别为0%及11%。Uu合并Mh对交沙霉素、多西环素、美满霉素敏感性高,敏感率分别为85%、73%及69%,对红霉素、克拉霉素、大观霉素的敏感性均为0%,对罗红霉素、阿奇霉素、环丙沙星的敏感率均为4%。结论:支原体的敏感性存在时空差异,且不同类型的支原体对抗菌素的敏感性是不同的,应采用实验室结果而非经验指导用药。     

3类抗菌药物体外抗解脲脲原体和人型支原体的作用

目的比较四环素类、大环内酯类和喹诺酮类3类抗菌药物,对临床分离株解脲脲原体(Uu)和人型支原体(Mh)的抗菌作用,为临床用药提供参考依据.方法采用直接肉汤药盘法测定了临床标本中,195株Uu和1218株Mh对3类抗菌药物中的8种抗生素的敏感性.结果 195株Uu对四环素、多西环素、米诺环素、罗红霉素、阿齐霉素、交沙霉素、氧氟沙星和司帕沙星的敏感率,分别为21.0%、48.2%、39.5%、79.0%、88.7%、74.9%、28.2%和64.6%.118株Mh对四环素、多西环素、米诺环素、罗红霉素、阿齐霉素、交沙霉素、氧氟沙星、司帕沙星的敏感率分别为5.1%、33.9%、26.3%、0.0%、0.0%、89.8%、70.3%和64.4%.960例混合感染的Uu Mh,对交沙霉素最敏感(79.2%).结论泌尿生殖道支原体的药敏监测对指导临床治疗具有重要意义.     

女性生殖道支原体感染与不孕症的关系及药敏分析

目的探讨女性生殖道支原体感染与不孕症之间的关系及对11种抗生素的敏感率,指导临床明确诊断,合理用药。方法随机选择2007年至2009年来长治市妇幼保健院就诊的女性不孕症患者360例,进行宫颈分泌物支原体培养和药敏试验。结果 360例宫颈分泌物标本中检出解脲支原体(Uu)阳性者161例、人型支原体(Mh)阳性者3例、解脲支原体(Uu)+人型支原体(Mh)混合阳性者29例;对阳性标本都做了11种抗生素的药敏试验,其中交沙霉素敏感率为93.47%、美满霉素敏感率为92.00%、强力霉素敏感率为90.21%、克拉霉素敏感率为83.69%、甲砜霉素敏感率为73.91%、环脂红霉素敏感率为61.95%和阿奇霉素敏感率为53.26%等。结论女性不孕症伴随高发的生殖道支原体感染,支原体感染与不孕症可能有关;长治地区生殖道支原体对交沙霉素、美满霉素、强力霉素、克拉霉素、甲砜霉素敏感性较高,环脂红霉素、阿奇霉素次之,对红霉素、罗红霉素敏感性较低,对环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星敏感性很低。     

男性泌尿生殖道支原体感染及药敏分析

探讨男性尿道炎患者支原体感染率及其敏感性,为临床治疗支原体感染导致的疾病提供合理用药的参考依据。采用海泰生物的史原体分离鉴定试剂盒,取前列腺液或尿道分泌物,对1116份疑为泌尿生殖系统感染的男性患者进行了支原体检测和抗生素敏感性检测。1116份男性患者标本中共分离出274株支原体,242株Uu对美满霉素、强力霉素、环雨沙星、司帕沙星、氧氟沙星、阿齐霉素、罗红霉素、交沙霉素、克拉霉素、壮观霉素的敏感率分别为95．1％、94．6％、17％、70．3％、31．1％、76％、77．7％、92．6％、83．5％、43．8％。30椿Uu＋Mh对美满霉素、强力霉素、环丙沙星、司帕沙星、氧氟沙星、阿齐霉素、罗红霉素、交沙霉素、克拉霉素、壮观霉素的敏感率分别为70％、66．7％、20％、40．1％、26．8％、23．4％、23．4％、50％、23．3％、20％。泌尿生殖道支原体的耐药性监测对指导临床治疗具有重要意义,可以根据药敏结果指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。     

207例男性尿道炎患者的解脲脲原体药敏分析

目的 了解广州地区解脲脲原体（Uu）的耐药性,更合理选择抗生素。方法 采用支原体药敏检测试剂盒和支原体固体培养基进行Uu培养、鉴定和药敏检测。结果 Uu阳性率为21.7%,强力霉素、美满霉素、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、诺氟沙星、罗红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素、交沙霉素和壮观霉索耐药率依次为3.4%、1.4%、53.6%、29%、1.4%、2.4%、0.05%、24.6%和13.5%。结论 广州地区对于Uu引起的非淋菌性尿道炎（NGU）,首选药物是以强力霉素、美满霉素、诺氟沙星、罗红霉素、阿奇霉素和克拉霉素为主,开展体外药敏试验,根据试验结果合理选择治疗药物。     

女性不孕症患者支原体的检测及耐药性分析

目的了解女性不孕症患者支原体感染及耐药性状况。方法用解脲脲原体(Uu)和人型支原体(Mh)培养、鉴定、药敏一体化试剂盒,对宫颈拭子标本进行检测。结果 2008年1月至2010年6月检测的2 325份患者标本,共检出阳性1 028份,总检出率44.2%,检出支原体共1117株,包括Uu 998株(89.3%),Mh 119株(10.7%),其中单一Uu感染率为87.5%(900/1028),单一Mh感染率为2.0%(21/1028),Uu和Mh同时感染率为9.5%(98/1028);强力霉素、交沙霉素、四环素、克拉霉素、原始霉素对Uu和Mh的敏感率为77.3%~93.3%,阿奇霉素敏感率为58.8%~78.0%;喹诺酮类药物的敏感率仅为21.0%~42.0%。结论 Uu是主要感染菌种,有生殖泌尿道症状或不洁性行为史的女性不孕患者,都有必要检测支原体;混合感染Uu和Mh患者的治疗用药应兼顾2种支原体的效果;四环素类、大环内酯类可作为支原体治疗的首选药物之一,阿奇霉素治疗Mh疗效不佳,喹诺酮类药物因其较高的耐药率而应慎用。     

女性泌尿生殖道标本支原体检测及体外耐药性分析

分析了长沙市女性泌尿生殖道解脲支原体(Uu)和人型支原体(Mh)感染的现状,分布及耐药情况。应用支原体培养药敏试剂盒,对476例女性泌尿生殖道分泌物标本进行Uu和Mh的检测和药敏试验。476份标本支原体总检出率为37.0%。Uu检出率26.0%;Mh检出率为3.0%;两者混和感染检出率为8.0%。感染年龄集中在20~30岁的年龄段。支原体对常见抗生素的耐药率11.9%~79.5%。支原体感染是女性泌尿生殖道常见的感染病原体,对支原体感染敏感的抗生素是多西环素和美满霉素。     

2011—2015年不同年龄段男女患者泌尿生殖道支原体感染状况及耐药性调查

摘要：目的 了解本地区男女患者泌尿生殖道支原体感染状况及耐药特征,为临床诊疗及合理用药提供依据。方法 选取2011年1月—2015年12月门诊及住院患者,采集泌尿生殖道标本做支原体培养,并对阳性标本进行药敏试验,对阳性标本及其药敏结果进行分析。结果 2011年—2015年男女患者的感染率和总感染率呈逐年递增趋势（P＜0.01）,女性感染者高于男性,男女患者均以Uu单纯感染为主,不同年度均以21岁～30岁年龄段患者为主,占合计中51.0%,药敏试验表明Uu+Mh混合感染的耐药率明显高于Uu、Mh单纯感染,Uu+Mh混合感染对克拉霉素、阿奇霉素、罗红霉素、环丙沙星的耐药率均＞90.0%,Uu、Mh和Uu+Mh对美满霉素、强力霉素、交沙霉素的耐药率较低,均＜10.0%。结论 本地区支原体感染呈逐年上升趋势,女性感染率高于男性,年龄21～30岁患者居多,并以Uu单纯感染为主,治疗支原体感染首选美满霉素、强力霉素、交沙霉素。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.