补充肠道益生菌治愈灰指甲8例分析

目的总结补充肠道益生菌治愈甲真菌病的经验。方法对2007年2月至2008年2月期间采用口服肠道益生菌治愈甲真菌病8例的临床资料进行分析。结果补充肠道益生菌可以治愈甲真菌病。结论补充肠道益生菌可以调节体内正常菌群的失衡,对肠道外的微生态失衡同样有效。     

微生态制剂在老年人肠道菌群失衡中的应用

人类从青年到老年这个过程,随着年龄的增长,退行性和感染性疾病的易感性也增加,其可能与人体肠道菌群失衡有着密切的关系。人体肠道内生理菌群对机体健康具有重要的作用,其变化与宿主的免疫功能、食物、疾病和年龄等有关。了解老年人肠道菌群特点,且在老年人肠道菌群失调相关疾病中合理介入微生态制剂,将大大有利于老年人身体健康。本文就老年人肠道菌群失衡相关疾病以及微生态制剂在这些疾病中的应用进行综述。     

益生菌的治疗现状与前景以及 对呼吸道有益菌探索的研究进展

益生菌是调节机体微生态失衡的有效途径。肝功能异常影响肠道微生物,慢性肝衰竭、2型糖尿病、动脉粥样硬化相关心血管疾病等与肠道微生态失衡密切相关。同时肠道菌群亦受环境、遗传等复合条件影响,改变菌群组成可能导致疾病的发生发展。提倡益生菌对疾病的预防、治疗、预后,改善机体微环境,提高生命质量。近年来,益生菌、益生元、合生元三方面的研究飞速发展,对肠道益生菌研发已经取得一定成果。呼吸道作为与外界相通的腔道其优势菌群已经有相关报道,但对呼吸道益生菌的探索尚不明确,呼吸道内的优势菌是否可以制成益生菌制剂尚有待研究。     

消化道微生态与胰腺疾病

消化道微生态参与人体多种生理及病理过程,是消化领域的研究热点。消化道微生态可能与急慢性胰腺炎和胰腺癌等胰腺疾病关系密切,但学术界很少关注。慢性胰腺炎患者存在肠道菌群结构失衡,并易伴发小肠细菌过度生长。肠道菌群可能与自身免疫性胰腺炎等IgG4相关性疾病关系密切。急性胰腺炎患者存在肠道菌群结构变化,肠道屏障功能受损和细菌移位在急性胰腺炎疾病进展中起重要作用,但不同类型和疾病程度的急性胰腺炎患者肠道菌群结构和功能特征仍不清楚。牙周疾病和口腔微生态失衡会增加罹患胰腺癌的风险,但胰腺癌时肠道菌群的具体变化及作用仍不明确。本文就各类胰腺疾病背景下的消化道微生态研究现状及未来可能的研究方向进行阐述。     

粪菌移植的临床应用研究进展

人类的肠道菌群种类及数量众多,目前被认为是人体的一个特殊器官。肠道菌群在维持肠道的正常生理功能和机体免疫功能方面发挥了重要作用,肠道微生态失衡与炎症性肠病、代谢综合征、肝病、心血管疾病、精神疾病、关节炎等多种肠内外疾病密切相关,纠正肠道微生态失衡将有助于上述疾病的治疗。粪菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation,FMT)是指将健康人粪便中的功能菌群移植到患者胃肠道内,重建具有正常功能的肠道菌群,以达到治疗肠道和肠道外疾病的目的。目前报道FMT已应用于艰难梭菌感染、炎症性肠病、肠易激综合征、代谢综合征等多种疾病的治疗中。本文就FMT的临床应用现状作一综述。     

肠道微生物与结直肠癌

结直肠癌(colorectal cancer, CRC)是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,严重威胁着人类健康。肠道微生态作为人体内最复杂、最庞大的微生态系统,与CRC密切相关。CRC患者的肠道微生物群落多样性构成能调节CRC疾病的发生与发展。本综述旨在讨论CRC肠道微生物群的构成、微生物群相关致癌机制、微生物群作为CRC生物标志物的潜力,为临床应用肠道菌群治疗CRC提供新策略与新思路。     

肠道微生态在结直肠癌诊断中的研究进展

近年来，肠道微生态学已经成为众学者的研究热点，肠道微生态平衡影响人体健康，尤其与结直肠癌（colorectal cancer,CRC）关系密切。许多CRC患者在早期并无明显症状，在进入中晚期时才被确诊，因错过早期治疗的机会而导致治疗效果欠佳，目前亟需更新更优的CRC早期诊断方法。基于肠道微生态与CRC的密切关系，肠道微生态已成为CRC新诊断方法的主要选择之一，主要研究方向是肠道中的细菌、病毒及其代谢产物的种类与数量的检测。本文就近年来关于肠道微生态对CRC诊断作用的相关热点问题进行概述，并展望肠道微生态在CRC诊断作用研究的主要方向及预期进展，旨在为通过肠道微生态诊断CRC提供理论依据。     

动物肠道菌群的研究进展

肠道微生物是由存在于肠道部位的细菌、古菌、真菌、原生动物以及病毒所组成的群体。人们通过对细菌16SrRNA序列进行测序与分析,对动物及其在特定条件下的肠道菌群进行了相关方面的研究并取得了很大的进展。此外,由微生态原理发展而成的益生菌、益生元和合生元等微生态制剂,可维持机体肠道微生物的平衡、提高肠道屏障功能、增强机体免疫力。因此越来越多的微生态制剂应用于畜牧业、水产业中。论文综述了小鼠、犬、猪这三种动物的肠道菌群及其应用的研究进展,旨在为进一步深入了解动物肠道菌群的结构、功能以及促进微生态制剂的应用提供参考。     

益生菌对特应性皮炎的防治及机制研究进展

特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis, AD)是一种以反复发作和严重瘙痒为特征、发病率最高的过敏性皮肤病。AD的致病机制涉及遗传易感性、表皮屏障功能障碍、微生物组失调、免疫反应失衡以及环境等多个因素,而现有治疗用药副作用大、疗效欠佳。目前研究已发现肠道菌群尤其是益生菌在AD中起着重要作用。益生菌能够通过抑制病原菌、增强屏障功能、改善肠道环境和平衡Th1/Th2免疫应答等机制改善AD症状。本文综述了AD患者皮肤及肠道微生态特征,基于AD发病的致病机制和影响因素,系统阐明益生菌缓解AD的机制,以期为益生菌治疗AD及相关皮肤过敏性疾病提供理论支持。     

益生菌调控胃肠道菌群改善肉品质的研究进展

胃肠道菌群对动物健康和生产性能起到重要作用。将益生菌应用于畜禽养殖可调节肠道微生态平衡,调控脂肪代谢,提高饲料利用率以及促进风味物质形成等多种途径提高畜禽肉的品质。本文综述了不同益生菌调节胃肠道微生态的机理,并通过改善肠道菌群结构来改善畜禽肉的品质,为进一步研究开发以胃肠道菌群为靶点的益生菌饲料提供参考。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.