以米糠蛋白为乳化剂的β-胡萝卜素纳米乳液超声乳化制备工艺优化

为提高米糠蛋白的利用价值及应用意义,本研究拟采用超声乳化法制备以米糠蛋白为乳化剂的β-胡萝卜素纳米乳液,本研究采用响应面优化法获取了米糠蛋白纳米乳液超声乳化制备工艺:超声温度50℃,超声功率490 W,超声时间280 s和米糠蛋白浓度4.5%,在此条件下米糠蛋白纳米乳液的平均粒径为190 nm,乳化产率为88.1%,兼具较强的稳定性。研究结果将为新型功能性食品、纳米食品的开发提供技术途径及研发思路。     

响应面法优化酪蛋白酸钠-豌豆分离蛋白纳米乳液制备工艺

通过超声处理技术制备酪蛋白酸钠—豌豆分离蛋白纳米乳液,并利用响应面优化法确定了最优制备工艺为豌豆分离蛋白添加量4%（w/v）、酪蛋白酸钠添加量4%（w/v）、超声功率400 W、超声时间5min,此条件下,酪蛋白酸钠—豌豆蛋白纳米乳液的平均粒径为149.82 nm、TSI为3.008、乳化产率为91.28%。     

抗生链霉菌(Streptomyces antibioticus)产吩噁嗪酮合成酶基因的重组表达

从抗生链霉菌(Streptomyces antibioticus)中提取出目的基因phs,构建基于质粒pET28a的诱导型表达载体pET28a-phs.以E.coli为表达宿主,将重组质柱转化入宿主菌之后获得能够高效表达吩噁嗪酮合成酶(PHS)的重组菌,经SDS-PAGE验证在72.1 kD处有明显蛋白条带.通过调整可能影响表达的参数获得PHS在大肠杆菌中的最优表达条件.最终优化后的表达条件是最适Cu2+浓度为1.5 mmol/L,最适细菌培养温度为37℃,最适pH值为7.0,在OD 600为0.6,时加入终浓度为1.0 mmol/L的IPTG为最佳诱导条件,30℃诱导16 h为最佳诱导时间.     

重组枯草芽孢杆菌发酵生产乳铁蛋白N叶工艺优化北大核心CSCD

为实现乳铁蛋白N叶的大规模制备,本研究对表达乳铁蛋白N叶的工程菌枯草芽孢杆菌pMA0911-D60Y/Y92D进行了发酵工艺的优化。确定了最佳的培养条件:以葡萄糖为最佳碳源,以胰蛋白胨为最佳氮源,在pH 7.0、温度28℃、发酵25.5 h条件下诱导表达目的蛋白,目的蛋白的IOD值高达68.03%。在10L发酵罐上对重组菌株的发酵条件进行优化,获得如下的最佳发酵工艺,即采用300 r/min转速,0-7 h时,在pH 7.5、30℃条件下培养菌体;7-25 h时,在pH 7.0、28℃条件下诱导表达目的蛋白。发酵结束后,收集细胞并破碎后取上清液用HisTrapHP亲和层析及SuperdexTM200(10/300GL)亲和层析法对细胞上清液进行纯化至均一条带,获得了纯度>94%的重组乳铁蛋白N叶,1 L菌体能制备23.5 mg纯蛋白。本研究为重组牛乳铁蛋白N-叶的高效制备奠定了基础。     

FGF20原核表达载体构建及在大肠杆菌中优化表达

[目的]构建人FGF20原核表达载体并在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)中优化表达。[方法]从胃癌细胞中经RT-PCR扩增FGF20基因并构建p ET28b-FGF20载体,转化E.coli,IPTG诱导表达。对诱导OD值、IPTG浓度、诱导温度、时间及溶氧量进行优化,同时采用正交试验优化培养基配方,以SDS-PAGE及Western Blot检测蛋白表达,以确定最佳表达条件。[结果]构建了p ET28b-FGF20原核表达载体,实现了FGF20蛋白的表达,确定最佳表达条件为:培养基占锥形瓶容积20%,菌体生长至OD600=0.4,加入终浓度1.0 mmol/L的IPTG,37℃诱导6 h。培养基最佳成分为:蛋白胨11 g/L、酵母提取物5 g/L、氯化钠10 g/L、葡萄糖0 g/L。[结论]实现了FGF20在大肠杆菌中的优化表达,为其基因工程药物生产及药用研究奠定了基础。     

铜藻岩藻黄素提取及纯化工艺研究

为了对岩藻黄素的提取、纯化进行系统研究,进而为高纯度岩藻黄素的工业化生产提供研究基础,筛选了适用于提取铜藻（Sargassum horneri）鲜藻中岩藻黄素的有机溶剂,并通过单因素实验和正交实验确定了最佳的提取溶剂浓度、提取温度、提取时间、料液比等工艺参数。随后采用硅胶柱层析法进行纯化,并通过单因素实验确定了最佳的硅胶柱床高度、上样量和洗脱流速。最后采用制备液相法对经层析纯化的岩藻黄素进一步纯化。结果表明,有机溶剂萃取的最佳工艺条件为：甲醇浓度90%,提取温度50 ℃,提取时间1 h,料液比1∶10,此条件下岩藻黄素提取率达到(0.258 9±0.003 6) mg·g-1鲜重（FW）［(1.078 8±0.015 0) mg·g-1干重（DW）］。硅胶柱层析的最佳工艺条件为：硅胶柱床高度10 cm,上样量6 g,洗脱流速10 mL·min-1,此条件下岩藻黄素得率为0.176 5 mg·g-1FW（0.735 3 mg·g-1 DW）,纯度为87.01%±0.88%。经制备液相进一步纯化后,岩藻黄素得率为0.127 1 mg·g-1 FW（0.529 4 mg·g-1 DW）,纯度为99.27%±0.22%。研究所用工艺简单,岩藻黄素得率高,为高纯度岩藻黄素的制备提供了实验基础。     

人源性抗体在HEK293T细胞中瞬时表达条件的优化

以HEK293T细胞为宿主对抗体基因的转染和表达条件进行优化。以GFP(green fluorescence protein)和人源性抗b FGF抗体1A2为报告基因,考察了3种转染试剂磷酸钙,PEI,FuGene HD的转染效率,确定FuGene HD的转染效率最高后,对DNA∶FuGene HD的比例,加入氯喹的浓度,转染后的孵育时间,最佳的低温培养温度以及加入组蛋白抑制剂的浓度进行了优化。结果显示,FuGene HD的转染效率最高,达到56.7%。当转染的DNA=2μg/4×106细胞时,DNA∶FuGene HD的最佳比例为1∶4(W/V);加入氯喹能够增强FuGene HD的转染效率,最佳浓度为100μmol/L,转染后的最佳孵育时间为6h;低温诱导能够提高293T细胞表达抗体的能力,最佳的温度为33℃;加入组蛋白抑制剂丁酸钠或丙戊酸能够明显提高抗体的表达量,丙戊酸的效果优于丁酸钠。通过对转染试剂,转染方法,培养温度,组蛋白抑制剂的加入等条件进行优化使人源性抗bFGF抗体的表达量从1.5mg/L提高到了15.1mg/L。     

蛋白药物涂层支架的制备表征与体外释放研究

目的:探讨将蛋白大分子药物以较高的担载量涂层于心脏支架,并在不发生蛋白聚集的前提下实现数周之久缓释的方法.方法:将牛血清白蛋白通过稳定的水相-水相乳液技术制备成多糖玻璃体颗粒,并将多糖玻璃体颗粒分散于聚乳酸溶液中喷涂于支架表面制成蛋白涂层支架,在37°CPBs中进行体外释放动力学研究,用SEC-HPLC比较了蛋白涂层支架制备前后蛋白的聚集情况,并用扫描电镜等对蛋白涂层支架表面进行了表征.结果:蛋白涂层支架在电镜观察下外观圆整,表面光滑,制剂过程中未产生蛋白聚集,且能从涂层中缓慢释放达50天以上.结论:稳定的水相-水相乳液技术及其基础上制备的蛋白多糖玻璃体颗粒应用于心脏支架涂层上,能在有效保护蛋白构象的同时实现蛋白的缓释,为具有抗再狭窄活性蛋白应用于心脏支架提供了技术平台.     

抗果蝇MRJ蛋白单克隆抗体的制备和鉴定

制备抗果蝇MRJ蛋白单克隆抗体可用于研究果蝇mrj的生物学功能,使用IPTG诱导重组质粒pET28a-mrj在大肠杆菌Rosetta中表达,重组蛋白经过Ni-IDA凝胶柱亲和纯化后免疫BALB/c小鼠。然后取免疫好的小鼠的脾脏细胞与小鼠骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0融合,经克隆和筛选获得了能分泌抗果蝇MRJ蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。腹水制备后获得单克隆抗体,通过ELISA和Western Blot对所获得的抗体进行鉴定,结果表明所制备单克隆抗体能够特异性结合于原核及真核细胞表达的MRJ蛋白,可用于研究mrj基因的生物学功能。     

基于DOE设计和氨基酸补加策略提高CHO细胞表达抗CD20单克隆抗体*

中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO)流加培养生产单克隆抗体是目前主流培养方式,其中环境参数(pH和温度)和营养成分均影响细胞生长、碳氮源代谢和外源蛋白表达,是培养过程中关键的控制参数。采用实验设计(design of experiment,DOE)方法研究培养参数(温度、pH)对CHO细胞生长和抗CD20抗体表达的影响,建立营养限制型氨基酸流加策略,实现抗CD20抗体的高表达。结果表明,温度是影响蛋白质表达的显著因素,35℃有助于提高细胞密度和目标抗CD20抗体表达,而pH对抗CD20表达影响不显著,且温度和pH无交互作用,经DOE预测分析最佳培养条件是温度35℃和pH7.0。在该最佳培养条件下,在培养后期酪氨酸和半胱氨酸的浓度都低于0.1mmol/L。在培养的第2天通过补加1.5mmol/L酪氨酸和1mmol/L半胱氨酸避免营养限制,抗CD20抗体表达水平提高了24.1%,且对蛋白糖型无影响。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.