雄性食蟹猴高敏C反应蛋白基础值及高脂膳食诱导后与血脂变化的关系研究”

本研究针对不同年龄段和高脂膳食诱导后雄性食蟹猴的高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的变化规律进行了研究。实验利用免疫比浊法对不同年龄段食蟹猴的后肢静脉血测定,并选择中年雄性食蟹猴饲喂高脂饲料,研究高脂膳食条件下hs-CRP值的变化及与总胆固醇的关系。结果显示老龄雄性食蟹猴的hs-CRP平均值高于中年和低龄食蟹猴(6.09 mg·L-1±2.06 mg·L-1VS.2.78 mg·L-1±1.48 mg·L-1&2.31 mg·L-1±1.52 mg·L-1),且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);老年雄性食蟹猴的hs-CRP值高于雄性群体均值(6.09±2.06 VS.3.19±2.16),差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高脂膳食诱导后,食蟹猴总胆固醇(TC)含量显著升高(P<0.05),hs-CRP与对照组比较也有明显升高(P<0.05),提示hs-CRP可能与高脂含量有一定相关性,在心血管病动物实验研究中可作为辅助的预警指标。本研究确定了不同年龄段雄性食蟹猴的hs-CRP均值,且不同年龄段间hs-CRP存在差异;雄性食蟹猴经高脂膳食诱导后在总胆固醇含量升高的同时伴随hs-CRP水平的升高。本研究结果可为以灵长类动物为实验动物的心血管病相关研究提供基础数据。     

湘西地区木通果实微量元素的测定

采用马弗炉干法灰化消化样品,火馅原子吸收法连续测定白木通Akebia trifoliata var.australis (Cieli._Kehd、三叶木通A.trifoliata(Thumb.)Koidz、木通A.quinata Decne.果实中微量金属元素,检测出K,Ca,Na,Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu等8种元素含量。3种植物果实中K,Ca,Mg含量较高(＞0．1000mg/g),其中K元素远高于其他元素,Na,Cu含量较低(＜0．0100mg/g)。Fe,Zn,Mn的含量处于中等水平。白木通果实中K,Me,Zn,Mn 4种矿质元素高于三叶木通和木通。木通果实中Ca,Fe两种元素稍高于白木通、三叶木通。Na,Cu两种微量元素在3种果实中含量基本相拟。     

蕲山药主要化学成分含量的测定

蕲山药原产于医圣李时珍故里湖北省蕲春县,在鄂东地区种植历史悠久。本文分别采用了水提取法、火焰原子吸收光谱法、半微量法等测定蕲山药及对照3种薯类作物块根的主要化学组成,结果显示:蕲山药含多糖7.4%;微量元素Fe:1.0270 mg/g,Cu:0.3020 mg/g,Ca:4.9450 mg/g,Co:0.1820 mg/g,Zn:0.3454 mg/g,Mg:1.8776 mg/g,Cu/Zn:0.875;蛋白质10.62%;淀粉22%。与对照相比,蕲山药多糖含量最低,蛋白质含量最高,高出铁棍山药2.5倍;Cu的含量高于2倍,Co的含量高于7~9倍,Fe的含量仅次于山薯,Mn的含量仅次于铁棍山药,Zn的含量较铁棍山药和怀山药低,Ca的含量最低;淀粉含量与之相当;蕲山药的水浸出物和醇浸出物含量较高,分别为11.3%和13.81%。实验数据表明,蕲山药富含Cu、Co、Fe,Cu/Zn较低,蛋白质含量和水浸出物含量较高,有较高的药用价值,为生产上开发应用提供支撑。     

食蟹猴的基础血糖值调查

目的 调查圈养食蟹猴基础血糖值情况.方法 采用快速血糖仪对153只6～19岁雄性食蟹猴和87只6～24岁雌性食蟹猴的血糖进行测定.结果 不同性别的食蟹猴血糖值存在显著性差异(P＜0.05),其中雌性食蟹猴血糖平均值为4.09 mmol/L±1.03 mmol/L,雄性食蟹猴血糖平均值为3.32 mmol/L±0.59 mmol/L;不同年龄段的食蟹猴血糖值差异显著(P＜0.05),年龄大的食蟹猴血糖值比年龄小的食蟹猴血糖值整体较高;体重指数与基础血糖值之间无显著相关性.结论 食蟹猴基础血糖值与人类基础血糖值相比,水平较低;性别和年龄是影响食蟹猴血糖值的主要因素.食蟹猴基础血糖值调查为糖尿病动物模型的建立及其相关研究提供了有关血糖值的基础数据参考.     

中老年食蟹猴群体自发型糖尿病的筛选

筛选440只中老年偏胖食蟹猴群体中自发糖尿病个体,并探讨食蟹猴群体中糖尿病粗筛的方法。以调查基础血糖值为基础,推断疑似糖尿病血糖值,后经OGTT(口服糖耐量)和尿检结果验证该血糖值是否准确。结果显示中老年偏胖食蟹猴群体血糖值为(3.88±0.98)mmol/L,其中56只食蟹猴血糖值大于5.0mmol/L,被初步定为糖尿病个体。这些个体全部糖耐量异常,且36只(69.23%)出现尿糖阳性,证明血糖值大于5.0mmol/L可作为本群体食蟹猴糖尿病的粗筛标准。由于针对中老年偏胖食蟹猴群体,患病率为12.72%(56/440),高于我国糖尿病患病率(9.7%)。虽然该实验的糖尿病血糖指标并不适用于所有食蟹猴群体,但是该筛选的流程简单快捷,对动物损伤小,可适用于大群体糖尿病的筛选。     

H5N1禽流感病毒感染小鼠和两种灵长类动物的肺组织病理学比较

目的比较H5N1禽流感病毒感染小鼠、恒河猴及食蟹猴急性期肺组织的病理学变化。方法在麻醉状态下对BALB／c小鼠、恒河猴及食蟹猴进行H5N1病毒滴鼻接种,在感染急性期实施安死术,取肺组织运用H＆E结合免疫组化技术分析肺组织的病理变化。结果BALB／c小鼠感染急性期,肺组织以变质性炎为主,肺泡结构被广泛破坏,以单核细胞为主的炎细胞浸润,局部可见渗出性炎。而在恒河猴感染急性期肺组织病理改变以渗出性炎为主,同时可见变质性炎和增生性炎。在食蟹猴感染急性期肺组织病理改变以渗出性和变质性炎为主,同时亦可见上皮的新生。结论H5N1禽流感病毒感染小鼠与恒河猴、食蟹猴急性期肺组织的病理变化不同,这将为进一步认识禽流感的发病机制及研究针对性的治疗方法提供一些理论依据。     

24种食蟹猴MHC B座位等位基因序列特征与进化分析

食蟹猴(Macaca fascicularis,Mafa)是重要的医学研究动物模型,被大量用于药物及移植医学试验。为探讨本地食蟹猴MHC I类基因B座位的多态性,本研究经大量PCR,克隆与测序,从10只食蟹猴中分离到24种Mafa-B等位基因的全长序列,其中4种为新序列,已递交NCBI数据库,并给予系统命名。在每个个体中均获得6至11条Mafa-B等位基因,显示食蟹猴的MHC-B座位出现扩增,食蟹猴MHC-B为重复基因座的特征与恒河猴类似。氨基酸序列比对分析得出,MHC-B基因在抗原肽结合区高度多态。     

小鼠抗食蟹猴IgG单克隆抗体的制备

目的制备抗食蟹猴、恒河猴等非人灵长类实验动物免疫球蛋白二级抗体,开展对其传染病血清学快速诊断方法的建立。方法采用饱和硫酸铵盐析、Agarose-Protein G亲和层析技术,从食蟹猴血清中提纯IgG。经SDS-PAGE电泳鉴定,采用常规法免疫C57BL/6小鼠,三次免疫后取脾细胞与Sp2/0-Ag14骨髓瘤细胞通过PEG4000融合制备杂交瘤细胞,利用间接ELISA、Western blot等方法进行筛选、鉴定。结果得到5株阳性杂交瘤,分别命名为2B6、2B7、2D9、3B2、5E4,并且5株杂交瘤分泌的抗体均与恒河猴的IgG或血清发生交叉反应,而与其他物种如东北虎、犬等动物的IgG或血清无交叉反应。结论 5株杂交瘤产生的单克隆抗体（McAb）具有较好免疫活性,且能长期、稳定地分泌抗体。此项研究工作为后续研究食蟹猴、恒河猴传染病血清学诊断方法奠定基础。     

食蟹猴精原干细胞体外培养体系的初步建立

为了掌握食蟹猴(Macaca fascicularis)精原于细胞(spermatogonial stem cells,SSCs)体外培养生长特性,并建立其培养体系.手术法获得幼年期食蟹猴单侧睾丸,改良的两步酶消化法获得其细胞悬液,添加特定培养液进行体外培养,以碱性磷酸酶(AKP)染色鉴定培养细胞,并评价不同饲养层细胞...     

CuSO4对中华绒螯蟹蜕皮、生长和存活的影响

通过向水中添加不同浓度的铜(Cu2 ),观察其对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)Ⅰ期幼蟹(0.020±0.01g)和12月龄扣蟹(3.34±0.26 g)的毒性影响。Cu2 对Ⅰ期幼蟹24,48,72和96h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为0.70,0.43,0.33和0.22 mg/L,而对12月龄扣蟹相应的LC50分别是18.20,10.23,9.12和8.51mg/L。中华绒螯蟹Ⅰ期幼蟹在0.00,0.01,0.02,0.03,0.05和0.08mg/L Cu2 的水环境中的蜕皮率、增重率和存活率的比较研究结果表明,虽然各浓度组存活率均高于50%,但其随着Cu2 浓度的增高而降低。增重率和蜕皮率的变化趋势与存活率相似。此外,研究了中华绒螯蟹12月龄扣蟹在0.00,0.01,0.05,0.10,0.50,1.00和2.50 mg/L Cu2 的水环境中蜕皮率、增重率和存活率的变化。结果显示,各组存活率均高于50%,除0.01mg/L处理组的存活率略高于对照组外,总的变化趋势是随着Cu2 浓度的增高而降低。增重率和蜕皮率随着Cu2 浓度的增高,总的变化趋势亦逐渐降低。相关性分析表明,中华绒螯蟹Ⅰ期幼蟹和12月龄扣蟹的生长、蜕皮和存活与水中添加Cu2 的浓度增加有极显著的负相关(P<0.01)。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.