人癌胚抗原单链抗体基因的构建和筛选

从分泌抗癌胚抗原(carcinoembryoni antigen, CEA)单抗的杂交瘤细胞株C50中提取总RNA, 逆转录成cDNA, PCR扩增分别得到抗体轻、重链可变区基因, 再利用两对PCR引物合成和扩增得到全单链抗体基因. 将含轻、重链可变区序列的DNA片段克隆于含噬菌体基因Ⅲ的噬菌粒pCANTAB5. 重组克隆在噬菌体表面表达基因Ⅲ与单链抗体的融合蛋白. 表达具抗原结合活性的单链抗体的重组噬菌体可以通过亲和筛选的方法筛选得到并富集. 利用该方法我们可以从许多分泌不同抗体的杂交瘤细胞RNA中快速克隆和筛选功能性抗体可变区基因.     

抗人大肠癌重组单链抗体的研制

应用重组噬菌体抗体系统制备了重组单链抗体。首先从抗人结肠癌ND-1单抗杂交瘤细胞中提取mRNA,利用反转录多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)扩增出单抗重链可变区(V_H)及轻链可变区(V_L)片段,再通过连接DNA合成单链抗体可变区片段(ScFv),然后经双酶切后克隆到pCANTAB5E载体中,在E.coliTGI细胞中表达出噬菌体融合蛋白,用抗原阳性噬菌体感染E.coliHB2151细胞,产生单链抗体,该单链抗体既保持了原单抗的特异性,应用上又优于原单抗。     

抗HBsAg人源单链可变区抗体的筛选与可溶性抗体的表达

采用噬菌体表面展示技术,以从乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)表面抗原(HBsAg)阳性血清超速离心纯化的HBsAg为固相抗原,从噬菌体单链可变区半合成抗体库中经过5轮“吸附-洗脱-扩增”筛选过程,获得特异性较强的HBsAg人源单链可变区抗体(ScFv)克隆并提取质粒,经SfiⅠ/NotⅠ酶切鉴定后,亚克隆到pCANTAB5E表达载体中,转化大肠杆菌XL1-Blue。经IPTG诱导后,表达的可溶性HBsAg特异性ScFv以50%硫酸胺沉淀,经SDS-PAGE电泳表明,XL1-Blue中表达的HBsAg可溶性ScFv的分子量约28?kD。免疫活性检测结果表明,该单链抗体具有较强的抗原结合活性和特异性。HBsAg人源单链抗体的筛选和表达成功,为今后HBsAg人源抗体的研究和应用奠定了基础。     

单链抗体的研究进展

单链抗体即单链抗体可变区片段(single-chain antibody variable fragment,or ScFv)是由抗体重链可变区和轻链可变区通过一段10-25个氨基酸的连接肽连接而成,其分子质量小,穿透力强,特异性好,免疫原性低,在免疫学和医学方面得到了广泛应用。本文就单链抗体的结构设计、展示系统、表达和应用方面做一综述。     

鼠源E型肉毒毒素免疫噬菌体单链抗体库的构建及筛选

目的:构建鼠源E型肉毒毒素(BoNT/E)免疫噬菌体单链抗体库,筛选BoNT/E特异性抗体。方法:从E型肉毒类毒素免疫小鼠的脾细胞中提取总RNA,反转录成cDNA,分别扩增出小鼠重链可变区基因和轻链可变区基因;通过重叠延伸PCR将重链可变区基因和轻链可变区基因组装成scFv基因,重组于噬粒pS100中,电转化大肠杆菌TG_1,合并所有克隆成初级库;随机挑取克隆进行核苷酸序列测定,对初级库序列多样性进行分析;在辅助噬菌体M_(13)K_(07)的拯救下,构建成scFv噬菌体抗体库;用纯化的BoNT/E对鼠源BoNT/E免疫噬菌体单链抗体库进行3轮富集筛选,制备单克隆的噬菌体抗体颗粒进行酶联免疫吸附试验,阳性克隆进行核苷酸序列测定。结果:鼠源BoNT/E免疫噬菌体单链抗体库的库容为7.09×10~7,随机挑取的20个克隆序列各不相同,序列正确率为85%,基本覆盖了IgHV、IgKV、IgLV的优势家族;纯化的BoNT/E作为抗原通过3轮筛选,噬菌体抗体富集了66倍,第3轮筛选后随机挑取90个克隆制备噬菌体抗体颗粒,酶联免疫吸附试验分析有88个呈现阳性反应,序列比对得到了24个不同序列的BoNT/E特异性抗体。结论:构建了库容量达7.09×10~7的鼠源BoNT/E免疫噬菌体单链抗体库,筛选得到了24个不同序列的BoNT/E特异性抗体。     

从大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选抗Acr蛋白人源单链抗体

目的:从天然的大容量噬菌体抗体库中筛选特异的抗结核分枝杆菌晶体蛋白( alpha-crystallin Acr)的人源抗体.方法:以结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白包被免疫管,通过对噬菌体抗体库进行4轮“吸附-洗脱-扩增”的过程从大容量抗体库中筛选特异性抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的抗体,并对可变区序列进行了测序分析.将特异性的噬菌体抗体感染HB2151菌,经IPTG诱导表达,制备了抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的可溶性单链抗体;对其序列和抗原结合活性进行分析鉴定.结果:经过4轮筛选,获得了43个与结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白结合的阳性克隆,其中29个特异结合的克隆;测序分析有26不同的可变区片段;通过可溶性单链抗体(scFv)表达筛选到14株特异性结合Acr蛋白的可溶性单链抗体克隆;经过基因测序,分析了可变区基因的亚群.成功制备了可溶性单链抗体.Westren blotting分析证实筛选的人源单链抗体能与天然蛋白结合.结论:利用单链大容量抗体库获得抗结核分枝杆菌Acr蛋白的噬菌体抗体并且成功制备抗结核分枝杆菌Acr天然蛋白的可溶性单链抗体,为今后的研究和应用奠定基础.     

抗整合素β3胞外区噬菌体抗体库的构建及筛选

用RT-PCR的方法从人胶质瘤BT-325细胞中扩增人整合素β3胞外区,并克隆到载体pET-24a中构建表达载体.表达的人整合素β3胞外区经变性、复性和纯化后免疫BALB/c小鼠,提取脾脏总RNA,用RT-PCR技术扩增小鼠抗体重链(VH)和轻链(VL)可变区基因,经重叠PCR(SOE-PCR)将VH和VL连接成单链抗体(scFv)基因,并克隆到噬菌粒载体pCANTAB5E中,电转化至大肠杆菌TGl,经辅助噬菌体M13KO7超感染,构建噬菌体单链抗体库.通过淘选从该抗体库中筛选特异性识别人整合素β3胞外区的噬菌体单链抗体.结果表明,成功构建了库容为2.6×106的抗人整合素β3胞外区的单链抗体库,初步筛选到了与人整合素β3胞外区特异性结合的单链抗体.     

一株针对人EGFR的单链抗体克隆与哺乳细胞表达

目的:制备特异性抗人表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的单链抗体(sc Fv),鉴定其生物学活性,为进一步研究基于单链抗体的免疫治疗奠定基础。方法:从分泌抗人EGFR单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞系提取总RNA,利用5'RACE技术扩增轻链和重链可变区(VL、VH)基因,构建具有VL、VH基因的单链抗体基因,并将构建的单链抗体基因克隆到真核细胞表达载体pc DNA3.1中进行表达和鉴定。ELISA鉴定单链抗体对抗原的特异性;Fortebio检测抗原抗体间的亲和力,流式细胞术检测单链抗体结合肺癌细胞系天然EGFR的功能活性。结果:获得唯一的轻重链可变区序列VL、VH,成功构建EGFR-sc Fv,特异性与天然EGFR蛋白结合,亲和力达3.22×10-9mol/L。结论:成功构建了抗人EGFR单链抗体,为肺癌免疫导向治疗研究奠定了基础。     

核糖体展示口蹄疫单链抗体库的构建

目的:构建库容量大、多样性好的核糖体展示口蹄疫单链抗体(scFv)库。方法: 分离口蹄疫病毒免疫的兔脾细胞,提取总RNA,用RT-PCR扩增兔抗体的重链可变区(VH)基因和轻链可变区(VL)基因,同时扩增作为间隔区的兔抗体Ck基因;采用重叠延伸PCR (简称SOE-PCR)技术连接VH-VL基因,同时引入T7启动子和核糖体结合位点序列,体外构建核糖体展示scFv库模板,连接pMD18-T载体转化E.coli DH5α大肠杆菌,挑取阳性克隆测序以鉴定scFv组装。结果:成功构建了库容量达8.21×10¹³的兔源口蹄疫核糖体展示scFv库。结论: 构建的大容量兔源性口蹄疫核糖体展示抗体库可以成为进一步筛选特异性口蹄疫单链抗体的实验平台,为开发诊断性口蹄疫单链抗体奠定了很好的实验基础。     

单链抗体的研究进展

单链抗体即单链抗体可变区片段（single-chain antibody variable fragment,or ScFv）是由抗体重链可变区和轻链可变区通过一段10-25个氨基酸的连接肽连接而成,其分子质量小,穿透力强,特异性好,免疫原性低,在免疫学和医学方面得到了广泛应用。本文就单链抗体的结构设计、展示系统、表达和应用方面做一综述。     

Cloning,expression, and identification of anti‐carbofuran single chain Fv gene

Phage display method was used to clone anti‐carbofuran (CBF) single chain Fv (scFv) gene. The heavy chain and light chain variable region genes were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from the CBF‐specific hybridoma cell lines 5D3 and assembled as a scFv DNA fragment with linker peptide (Gly₄Ser)₃. The scFv DNA fragment was cloned into M13 phagemid vector pCANTAB5E and the anti‐CBF antibody libraries were then constructed. After one round of panning with CBF‐ovalbumin (CBF‐OVA) as a conjugate, antigen‐binding positive recombinant phage clones were successfully selected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The positive phages were used to infect Escherichia coli HB2151 cells and the expression of the soluble scFv antibodies was then induced by IPTG. The scFv antibody was about 31 kDa by SDS‐PAGE and showed HRP‐anti‐E‐tag antibody‐recognized activity by Western blotting. The indirect competitive ELISA (icELISA) showed that the recombinant scFv antibody could competitively combine with CBF, with the IC₅₀ value of 1.07 ng/mL. The cross reactivity studies showed that the anti‐CBF scFv antibody, similar to the parent monoclonal antibody, poses high specificity to CBF and has little reactivity to the analogs. Taken together, these findings suggest that the recombinant scFv antibody can be used for further developing immunoassay method for CBF. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009     

Gene cloning, bacterial expression, in vitro refolding, and characterization of a single-chain Fv antibody against PreS1(21-47) fragment of HBsAg

The murine monoclonal antibody 125E11 is an IgG which recognizes PreS1(21-47) fragment of large hepatitis B surface antigen. It has been successfully used for clinical detection of HBV virion in serum of hepatitis B patients. In present study, the genes of variable region in heavy chain (VH) and light chain (VL) of 125E11 have been cloned. Sequence analysis of cloned VH gene and VL gene showed that they had general characterization of immunoglobin variable region genes. According to Kabat classification, VH gene and VL gene belong to VH10 family, subgroup IIID and Vkappa family subgroup I, respectively. An expression vector of 125E11 single-chain Fv antibody fusion protein, in which VH and VL peptide were connected by a flexible linker (Gly(4)Ser)(3), was constructed. The scFv fusion protein was highly expressed in Escherichia coli mainly in inclusion body form. Using urea and pH gradient gel filtration method, the refolding of scFv was efficiently achieved. The refolding efficiency reached about 11% and 2.7 mg refolded scFv was obtained from 1L of culture. The binding activity and specificity of 125E11 scFv against PreS1(21-47)-containing antigen were also analyzed.     

Expression of a functional antizearalenone single-chain Fv antibody in transgenic Arabidopsis plants

The efficacy of cloning a recombinant mycotoxin antibody in plants was tested using Arabidopsis as a model. An antizearalenone single-chain Fv (scFv) DNA fragment was first cloned in the newly constructed phage display vector (pEY.5) and then recloned in the plant transformation vector pKYLX71::35S(2). After transformation, constructs of antizearalenone scFv were introduced into immature Arabidopsis seeds via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediation by vacuum infiltration. Only plants transformed with the construct containing a PR-1b signal peptide sequence produced transgenic offspring. The antizearalenone scFv "plantibody" from these transgenic plants bound zearalenone with a high affinity (50% inhibitory concentration, 11.2 ng/ml) that was comparable to that of bacterially produced scFv antibody and the parent monoclonal antibody (MAb). By electron microscopic immunogold labeling, the presence of antizearalenone scFv was detected mainly in the cytoplasm and only occasionally outside the cell. Like bacterially produced scFv antibody, antizearalenone scFv plantibody exhibited greater sensitivity to methanol destabilization than did the parent MAb. The sensitivity of antizearalenone scFv plantibody to acidic disassociation was similar to the sensitivities of bacterially produced scFv antibody and MAb. Expression of specific plantibodies in crops might be useful for neutralizing mycotoxins in animal feeds and for reducing mycotoxin-associated plant diseases.     

Construction of a chimeric shuttle plasmid via a heterodimer system: secretion of an scFv protein from Bacillus brevis cells capable of inhibiting hemagglutination

Passive immunization is an attractive therapy for preventing oral diseases including dental caries and periodontal disease. For this purpose, we attempted to produce a single chain variable fragment, scFv, which inhibited hemagglutination using the Bacillus brevis protein-producing system. To accomplish this, a novel strategy, a heterodimer system, was used for the construction of a chimeric shuttle plasmid. Initially, a set of new plasmids, kanamycin-resistant donor and erythromycin-resistant general cloning plasmids, were constructed. p15A ori was a common replication origin in these plasmids, while the pUB110 rep and minus origin (MO) were cloned into the donor plasmid. Next, the secretion domain of the B. subtilis alpha-amylase gene and the G2-4 gene, coding for the scFv protein, were cloned into the general cloning plasmid and fused by PCR. Both the donor plasmid and the general cloning plasmid containing the fused gene were digested with NotI and them ligated, a dimeric plasmid being constructed. The key restriction sites, AscI, are arranged such that the pUB110 rep-MO moiety was switched from the donor to the general cloning plasmid following AscI digestion. The chimeric shuttle plasmid was readily constructed by simple re-circularization and a B. brevis transformant producing the scFv protein in the culture fluid was isolated.     

Expression and purification of a recombinant scFv towards the exotoxin of the pathogen, Burkholderia pseudomallei

A single chain variable fragment (scFv) specific towards B. pseudomallei exotoxin had previously been generated from an existing hybridoma cell line (6E6AF83B) and cloned into the phage display vector pComb3H. In this study, the scFv was subcloned into the pComb3X vector to facilitate the detection and purification of expressed antibodies. Detection was facilitated by the presence of a hemagglutinin (HA) tag, and purification was facilitated by the presence of a histidine tag. The culture was grown at 30 degrees C until log phase was achieved and then induced with 1 mM IPTG in the absence of any additional carbon source. Induction was continued at 30 degrees C for five h. The scFv was discerned by dual processes-direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and Western blotting. When compared to E. coli strains ER2537 and HB2151, scFv expression was observed to be highest in the E. coli strain Top10F'. The expressed scFv protein was purified via nickel-mediated affinity chromatography and results indicated that two proteins a 52 kDa protein, and a 30 kDa protein were co-purified. These antibodies, when blotted against immobilized exotoxin, exhibited significant specificity towards the exotoxin, compared to other B. pseudomallei antigens. Thus, these antibodies should serve as suitable reagents for future affinity purification of the exotoxin.     

一种核糖体展示单链抗体文库的构建与鉴定

用柑桔溃疡病致病菌Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri（Xac）全菌免疫小鼠,提取小鼠脾细胞mRNA,RT-PCR扩增小鼠抗体重链可变区（VH）和轻链可变区（VL）,采用linker (Gly4Ser)3连接VH和VL,构建用于核糖体展示方法筛选阳性单链抗体（scFvs）的文库。通过将scFv文库DNA转化大肠杆菌JM109,随机挑取克隆子测序以分析单链抗体文库的多样性。结果显示,用柑桔溃疡病菌免疫后的小鼠抗血清效价为2500倍左右,扩增的VH大小为350bp左右,VL的大小为650bp左右,linker连接后的单链抗体文库DNA大小为1200bp左右。测序结果显示,单链抗体文库多样性好。以Xac为靶,筛选到了抗Xac的特异性抗体,说明该抗体库可用于柑桔溃疡病菌单链抗体的筛选。     

Expression of a Functional Antizearalenone Single-Chain Fv Antibody in Transgenic Arabidopsis Plants

The efficacy of cloning a recombinant mycotoxin antibody in plants was tested using Arabidopsis as a model. An antizearalenone single-chain Fv (scFv) DNA fragment was first cloned in the newly constructed phage display vector (pEY.5) and then recloned in the plant transformation vector pKYLX71::35S². After transformation, constructs of antizearalenone scFv were introduced into immature Arabidopsis seeds via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediation by vacuum infiltration. Only plants transformed with the construct containing a PR-1b signal peptide sequence produced transgenic offspring. The antizearalenone scFv “plantibody” from these transgenic plants bound zearalenone with a high affinity (50% inhibitory concentration, 11.2 ng/ml) that was comparable to that of bacterially produced scFv antibody and the parent monoclonal antibody (MAb). By electron microscopic immunogold labeling, the presence of antizearalenone scFv was detected mainly in the cytoplasm and only occasionally outside the cell. Like bacterially produced scFv antibody, antizearalenone scFv plantibody exhibited greater sensitivity to methanol destabilization than did the parent MAb. The sensitivity of antizearalenone scFv plantibody to acidic disassociation was similar to the sensitivities of bacterially produced scFv antibody and MAb. Expression of specific plantibodies in crops might be useful for neutralizing mycotoxins in animal feeds and for reducing mycotoxin-associated plant diseases.     

Sequence analysis,expression, and paratope characterization of a single-chain Fv fragment for the eukaryote ribosomal P proteins

The variable genes of monoclonal antibody (mAb) B10, specific for the C-terminal region of the eukaryotic ribosomal P protein, have been cloned as a single-chain Fv fragment (scFv) and expressed in Escherichia coli. The primary sequence of the variable regions of the B10 antibody, together with a detailed characterization of the reactive residues of the antigen, allowed the construction of a model of the paratope-epitope interaction, giving a first insight into the binding mechanisms of anti-P autoantibodies to their target peptides. The mAb and scFv could be useful for extensive P protein detection since both recognize the highly conserved motif DDxGF.     

Inhibition of Cryptosporidium parvum infection of a mammalian cell culture by recombinant scFv antibodies

Two phage display antibody libraries (Tomlinson I and J) were screened against the whole oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum to select for scFv (single chain variable fragment) antibodies. Three scFv antibodies were selected that bound to C. parvum oocysts as determined by monoclonal phage ELISA. DNA sequencing revealed that clone A11 lacked the majority of its V (H) chain. Clone B10 had a stop codon in the first framework region of the V (H) chain. We changed this stop codon to Gly by site-directed mutagenesis, and designated the variant mutB10. Clone B9 had a complete scFv gene with no internal stop codons. These antibody genes were individually subcloned into the pET-20b expression vector for soluble scFv antibody production. C. parvum infectivity was determined by infection of HCT-8 tissue culture monolayers and quantified by the foci detection method. By incubating C. parvum oocysts with individual scFv antibodies for 1 h at 37 degrees C prior to infecting the HCT-8 cells with the oocyst-scFv mixture, the infectivity of C. parvum was reduced in a dose-dependant manner. At the highest soluble scFv concentration tested (4 nmol), the mean number of infectious foci was reduced by 82%, 73% and 94% for the A11, B9 and mutB10 scFv, respectively. This inhibition of oocyst infectivity was abolished when the scFvs were exposed to boiling water. The results showed that the 3 selected scFvs bound to C. parvum oocysts, and their ability to neutralize infectivity may have potential therapeutic potential against cryptosporidiosis.