不同浓度红景天苷对γ射线和质子辐照质粒DNA的影响

利用14．2MeV的质子和60↑Co产生的γ射线在200Gy的剂量下分别对添加了不同浓度红景天苷的pUC19质粒DNA样品进行了辐照,凝胶电泳分析结果表明,红景天苷在两种辐照过程中均对DNA具有一定的保护作用,并且随着浓度的增加保护作用增强。同时还发现质子辐照后DNA样品中出现了线性形态的,而γ射线辐照后则没有出现,再次证实质子对DNA的损伤作用强于γ射线,这应该和质子与物质相互作用复杂以及质子对物质的直接电离作用相关。     

小麦微核心种质γ射线辐射敏感性分析

以259个小麦微核心种质为材料进行剂量为0、100、150、250 Gy的60Coγ射线辐照处理,探讨小麦微核心种质的γ射线辐射敏感性分布,以及DNA损伤修复基因TaKu70和TaKu80对辐照的应答模式。结果表明,小麦微核心种质的苗高损伤率与γ射线辐照剂量间存在着3种函数关系:对数、线性、幂函数。以苗高损伤率为50%时的辐照剂量HD50作为主要的辐射敏感性分型指标,分别统计不同函数关系的微核心种质落入不同剂量区间的基因型个数,并依此将259份微核心种质分为敏感型(10)、较敏感型(96)、较钝感型(101)、钝感型(52)。对数函数关系中以敏感型和较敏感型为主,随着γ射线辐照剂量的增加TaKu70和TaKu80基因的相对表达量与对照相比总体升高,但变化不明显;线性函数关系中以较敏感型和较钝感型为主,TaKu70和TaKu80基因的相对表达量与对照相比总体升高,随剂量的增加而逐渐递增;幂函数关系中以较钝感型和钝感型为主,TaKu70和TaKu80基因的相对表达量与对照相比总体升高,但随剂量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,一般相对表达量的峰值出现在150 Gy。     

60Co-γ射线辐照玉米种子对基因组DNA分子的影响

以不同剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照玉米种子,对各处理组分单株,采用CTAB抽提法提取幼叶组织基因组DNA,并对基因组DNA进行酶切,研究辐照对基因组DNA分子的损伤效应。结果表明:辐照剂量不同,得到的基因组DNA分子在各处理组间存在差异,当辐照剂量>200 Gy时,差异更为明显;辐照不仅能引起DNA分子链的断裂,还能改变核苷酸链上的碱基位置和顺序,使酶切位点发生改变。实验还对同一辐照剂量处理下的不同单株幼叶基因组DNA进行了重复实验,结果是一致的。     

80MeV/u20Ne10+离子对SMMC-7721细胞DNA损伤及细胞周期的影响

从辐照剂量和修复时间两个角度研究了重离子辐照对肿瘤细胞DNA损伤及细胞周期的影响,为重离子治癌的临床应用积累基础数据。不同剂量的80MeV／u^20Ne^10 辐照SMMC—7721细胞样品,利用单细胞凝胶电泳技术(Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis,SCGE)对细胞DNA损伤进行了检测,利用流式细胞技术(Flow Cytometry Methods,FCM)对细胞周期变化进行了分析。80MeV／u^20Ne^10 辐照后4小时内,SMMC—7721细胞的DNA损伤与辐照剂量呈线性关系,在0小时组其线性相关因子r为0．9621,4小时组为0．914;随着修复时间的增加,DNA损伤与辐照剂量不再线性相关,但0．5Gy,1Gy和2Gy三个剂量点的DNA损伤程度极为相近。另外,重离子辐照后SMMC—7721细胞发生S期和G2／M期阻滞现象,其随剂量变化及时间变化的规律不同于X、γ等低LET(Linear Energy Transfer)射线辐照。     

60Co-γ射线辐照毛竹种子的过氧化物同工酶和RAPD分子检测的研究

利用6种不同剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照毛竹种子,对辐照后的毛竹种子进行了过氧化物酶（POD）同工酶检测和RAPD分子检测.结果表明,过氧化物酶的活性在30 Gy和120 Gy时明显增强,其原因是毛竹在60Co-γ射线辐照胁迫下的保护效应和伤害效应.RAPD分析表明毛竹不同辐照剂量之间的DNA存在明显差异,高剂量γ 射线辐照对DNA分子的影响较大,能引起碱基序列的改变;对碱基序列差异片段测序并比对,发现部分片段与已知序列有高达83 %的同源性,部分差异片段与GeneBank中的已知序列没有较高的同源性,应该属辐照引起的DNA序列变异.同工酶和RAPD分子检测为毛竹的诱变育种参数的制定提供了理论依据.     

荚果蕨绿色球状体对~(60)Coγ射线的辐射敏感性

以荚果蕨(Matteuccia struthiopteris)绿色球状体(GGB)为辐照材料,使用不同剂量的~(60)Coγ射线进行辐照处理,采用辐射诱变和组织培养技术相结合的方式进行荚果蕨GGB的辐射敏感性研究。结果表明,荚果蕨GGB的存活率与~(60)Coγ射线辐照剂量之间存在显著的线性关系,线性回归方程为:y=-0.797x+104.719,计算得到半致死剂量约为69 Gy。随着辐照剂量的增加,荚果蕨GGB的增殖和分化能力下降且分化时间延长。GGB~(60)Coγ辐射的表型损伤表现为颜色变深、单个绿色颗粒死亡、增殖及分化受到抑制;细胞学损伤表现为微核、细胞核解体和胚性细胞减少。     

γ辐照与模拟微重力效应对大鼠终末分化PC12细胞损伤的研究

目的:通过研究γ60Co-射线辐照与模拟微重力效应对大鼠终末分化PC12细胞的损伤,分析空间环境对哺乳动物细胞的损伤。方法:利用大鼠终末分化PC12细胞为材料,通过检测地面对照组、γ~(60)Co-射线辐照组、模拟微重力效应对照组、γ~(60)Co-射线辐照复合模拟微重力效应组的微核率、微核细胞率及HPRT基因突变频率,分析模拟空间环境对哺乳动物细胞的损伤。结果:随着γ~(60)Co-射线辐照剂量的增加,微核率、微核细胞率及HPRT基因突变频率均增加,呈现比较良好的效应关系,而γ~(60)Co-射线辐照复合模拟微重力效应组各项指标均低于γ~(60)Co-射线辐照组。结论:γ~(60)Co-射线辐照及模拟微重力效应均能诱发大鼠终末分化PC12细胞染色体的损伤和HPRT基因的突变,而模拟微重力效应降低PC12细胞损伤的机制还有待进一步研究。     

γ射线对副溶血性弧菌辐射效应的PCR检测

目的:研究γ射线对副溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)的辐射效应。方法:采用0kGy~7.0kGy内不同剂量的60Co-γ对浓度为2.0×108CFU/mL的副溶血性弧菌进行辐射,通过菌落计数计算该菌的致死率与存活率,并采用菌液PCR和常规PCR间接检测DNA浓度研究其致死效应。结果:菌落计数表明,在0kGy~3.0kGy内,该菌致死率随辐射剂量增加而呈线性增长;3.0kGy以上可全部杀灭试验浓度的副溶血性弧菌。常规PCR和菌液PCR结果表明,PCR扩增条带亮度都随着辐射剂量的增大而增强。常规PCR中,辐射剂量3.0kGy以上,电泳条带的亮度明显增加。结论:γ射线辐射剂量与存活副溶血性弧菌数、DNA的释放量都有明显的剂量-反应关系,辐射致死的主要原因是由射线对菌体细胞膜造成损伤、DNA外流造成的。     

重离子辐照玉米种子引起的基因组DNA变异分析

利用HI-13串列加速器产生的10 Gy、20 Gy、30 Gy和50 Gy ~7Li和~(12)C重离子束对玉米自交系478的干种子进行辐照,并用RAPD分析技术分析其变异情况.结果表明重离子~7Li和~(12)C辐照玉米种子可引起当代基因组DNA水平上的变异,一定范围内变异频率与注入剂量有关,在相同剂量下~7Li离子辐照的诱变率高于~(12)C离子辐照.     

同步辐射(软X射线)辐照玉米的细胞学效应研究

利用同步辐射(软X射线)辐照玉米自交系H65和H14D种子,研究其M1代的细胞学效应,并以60Co-γ射线作对照。结果表明,软X射线辐照处理后,不仅能够诱发玉米M1代根尖细胞内核畸变和染色体畸变,而且还能够诱发染色体多种类型的变异,其变异频率随辐照剂量的增加而增大,辐照剂量与细胞总畸变率呈正相关。软X射线对玉米根尖细胞的有丝分裂具有明显地抑制作用,辐照剂量与细胞分裂指数呈负相关。软X射线辐照的细胞学效应与γ射线基本相似,但在诱发的细胞畸变率和染色体变异类型上存在一定的差异。两个供试品系对辐射的敏感性为H14D>H65。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial studies of hydrazone derivatives of 4-[3-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid and 4-[3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-4-formyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl]benzoic acid

Microbial resistance to antibiotics is an unresolved global concern, which needs urgent and coordinated action. One of the guidelines of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) to combat antibiotic resistance is the development of new antibiotics to treat drug-resistant bacteria. In our effort to find new antibiotics, we report the synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 30 new pyrazole derivatives. These novel molecules have been synthesized by using readily available starting materials and benign reaction conditions. Some of these molecules have shown activity with MIC values as low as 0.78?µg/mL against four bacterial strains; Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Furthermore, active molecules are non-toxic to mammalian cell line.

     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

Novel compounds with potent CDK9 inhibitory activity for the treatment of myeloma

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) play key role in the regulation of the cell cycle. The aim of our study was originally the further development of our recently discovered polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors. A series of new 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized around the original hit, but their PLK1 inhibitory activity was very poor. However the novel compounds showed nanomolar CDK9 inhibitory activity and very good antiproliferative effect on multiple myeloma cell lines (RPMI-8226).