利用抑制性扣除杂交技术克隆水稻磷饥饿诱导基因

磷素是植物生长所必需的重要元素。在缺磷环境中,植物能够调节自身的形态、生理生化和基因表达水平来适应环境的变化。为研究水稻(Oryzn sativa L.)耐低磷胁迫的分子机理,采用抑制性扣除杂交技术(SSH)构建磷饥饿诱导的水稻根系扣除cDNA文库。通过文库筛选和测序获得18个已知基因和47个功能未知基因。这些基因参与了不同的代谢过程,包括磷吸收和转运、信号传导、蛋白质合成和降解、碳水化合物代谢和胁迫反应。Northern杂交结果表明,在磷饥饿胁迫下这些基因呈现不同的表达模式,并且不同代谢过程中的基因对磷饥饿有着不同的反应。     

水稻氮饥饿诱导基因的克隆与表达分析

为了解水稻(Oryza sativa L.)对氮饥饿反应的分子与基因背景,利用RaSH策略构建了水稻氮(N)饥饿诱导cDNA文库.通过反向Northern筛选该文库,获得氮饥饿诱导的18个功能已知基因和2个功能未知基因.这些已知基因涉及碳代谢、次生代谢产物合成、蛋白质分解代谢、激素代谢、信号转导、生长调控过程及转录因子.这些基因表现出不同的时空表达模式.研究结果表明了植物对氮饥饿反应涉及互相关联的多种生理与分子机理,提供了相关的一些基因信息.     

水稻氮饥饿诱导基因的克隆与表达分析

为了解水稀(Oryza sativa L.)对氮饥饿反应的分子与基因背景,利用RaSH策略构建了水稻氮(N)饥饿诱导cDNA文库。通过反向Northern筛选该文库,获得氮饥饿诱导的18个功能已知基因和2个功能未知基因。这些已知基因涉及碳代谢、次生代谢产物合成、蛋白质分解代谢、激素代谢、信号转导、生长调控过程及转录因子。这些基因表现出不同的时空表达模式。研究结果表明了植物对氮饥饿反应涉及互相关联的多种生理与分子机理,提供了相关的一些基因信息。     

通过cDNA微阵列鉴定水稻(Oryza sativa L.) 盐胁迫应答基因

利用水稻耐盐品种兰胜构建了一个高质量的cDNA文库以鉴定水稻盐胁迫应答基因, 从cDNA文库中提取约15000个质粒, 并用Biomek 2000 高密度点阵系统或手工操作, 将这些质粒点于尼龙膜上. 通过这种方法鉴定了30个盐应答基因, 对其中的12个基因通过Northern杂交进行表达分析, 确证了cDNA微阵列的杂交结果. 30个基因中, 18个基因受盐诱导, 另外12个基因受盐抑制, 其中27个在GenBank数据库中有同源序列. 根据功能, 这些基因大致可以分为5类：光合作用相关基因、物质运输相关基因、代谢相关基因、耐逆相关基因以及其他未分类的基因. 研究结果表明, 盐胁迫影响了植物生长发育的多个方面, 其中有些基因可能在植物体的耐盐过程中具有重要作用.     

水稻液泡ATPase B 亚基基因的克隆及其在低磷胁迫下的表达特征分析

利用抑制性扣除杂交(SSH)技术构建水稻(Oryza sativa L.)根系磷饥饿诱导cDNA文库,获得编码液泡ATPase (V-ATPase) B亚基的克隆,通过反转录PCR方法获得该基因的完整序列.该基因编码487个氨基酸,含有一个保守的ATP结合位点,其蛋白分子量为54.06 kD,等电点为4.99.Southern印迹表明,V-ATPase B亚基基因在水稻基因组中以单拷贝形式存在.氨基酸同源性分析发现,V-ATPase B亚基是一个较为保守的蛋白亚基,其序列变化伴随生物的进化过程同步进行.Northern印迹表明,V-ATPase B亚基在水稻根系中受到磷饥饿诱导表达,磷饥饿6～12 h出现表达高峰,而在叶片中表达高峰有所滞后(24～48 h).在缺磷环境条件下,ATPase B亚基可能通过提高其表达量,进而提高质子转运活性,形成跨膜的电化学梯度,为体内储备磷跨液泡膜运输提供能量,从而提高植物体内磷的利用效率及其耐低磷的能力.     

水稻液泡ATPaseB亚基基因的克隆及其在低磷胁迫下的表达特征分析(英)

利用抑制性扣除杂交 (SSH)技术构建水稻 (OryzasativaL .)根系磷饥饿诱导cDNA文库 ,获得编码液泡ATPase (V_ATPase)B亚基的克隆 ,通过反转录PCR方法获得该基因的完整序列。该基因编码 4 87个氨基酸 ,含有一个保守的ATP结合位点 ,其蛋白分子量为 5 4 .0 6kD ,等电点为 4 .99。Southern印迹表明 ,V_ATPaseB亚基基因在水稻基因组中以单拷贝形式存在。氨基酸同源性分析发现 ,V_ATPaseB亚基是一个较为保守的蛋白亚基 ,其序列变化伴随生物的进化过程同步进行。Northern印迹表明 ,V_ATPaseB亚基在水稻根系中受到磷饥饿诱导表达 ,磷饥饿 6～ 12h出现表达高峰 ,而在叶片中表达高峰有所滞后 (2 4～ 4 8h)。在缺磷环境条件下 ,ATPaseB亚基可能通过提高其表达量 ,进而提高质子转运活性 ,形成跨膜的电化学梯度 ,为体内储备磷跨液泡膜运输提供能量 ,从而提高植物体内磷的利用效率及其耐低磷的能力。     

水稻液泡ATPase B亚基基因的克隆及其在低磷胁迫下的表达特征分析

利用抑制性扣除杂交（SSH）技术构建水稻（Oryza sativa L.）根系饥饿诱导cDNA文库,获得编码液泡ATPase（V-ATPase）B亚基的克隆,通过反转录PCR方法获得该基因的完整序列。该基因编码487个氨基酸,含有一个保守的ATP结合位点,其蛋白分子量为54.06kD,等电点为4.99。Southern印迹表明,V-ATPase B亚基基因在水稻基因组中以单拷贝形式存在。氮基酸同源性分析发现,V-ATPase B亚基是一个较为保守的蛋白亚基,其序列变化伴随生物的进化过程同步进行。Northern印迹表明,V-ATPase B亚基在水稻根系中受到磷饥饿诱导表达,磷饥饿6～12h出现表达高峰,而在叶片中表达有所滞后（24～48h）,在缺磷环境条件下,ATPase B亚基可能通过提高其表达量,进而提高质子转运活性,形成跨膜的电化学梯度,为体内储备磷跨液泡膜运输提供能量,从而提高植物体内磷的利用效率及其耐低磷的能力。     

稻瘟菌诱导的水稻 WRKY 基因OsWRKY52 的分离和鉴定

WRKY 蛋白参与植物对生物或非生物胁迫反应和一些发育、代谢过程,在植物中组成一个转录因子大家族 . 从水稻 cDNA 文库中分离到一个新的 WRKY 基因——— OsWRKY52 cDNA ,包括一个 1 719 bp 的开放读码框,推测编码一个由 572 个氨基酸组成的蛋白质,与燕麦 (Avena sativa) AsWRKY1 具有 54 ％的氨基酸一致性 . 该基因被非亲和性稻瘟菌快速诱导 . 凝胶阻滞实验结果表明,原核表达的 OsWRKY52 能与水稻 PR1a 启动子上的 W 盒元件特异结合 . 采用酵母单杂交体系的方法证明了 OsWRKY52 具有转录激活活性 , 其丝氨酸岛、苏氨酸岛和 C 端的富酸性氨基酸区是负责转录激活的区域 . 这些结果提示 OsWRKY52 作为一个转录激活子,可能参与植物对稻瘟菌的应答反应 .     

氮磷饥饿诱导的水稻糖转运体基因的cDNA克隆和鉴定

运用快速扣除杂交 (RaSH)方法构建了水稻氮饥饿诱导的cDNA文库。从该文库获得了一个cDNA克隆OsNSI1 (Oryzasativanitrogenstarva tion inducible 1 )。该全长cDNA编码 5 77个氨基酸 ,蛋白分子量为 6 1 .2kD。推测得出的氨基酸序列与其他物种的糖转运体有很高的同源性。水合性分析表明OsNSI1包含有 1 2个跨膜区域和一个中心亲水环。这些数据提示OsNSI1是一个糖转运体蛋白。Southern印迹分析表明OsNSI1是一个单拷贝基因。Northern印迹分析表明OsNSI1主要在叶及根中表达 ,氮、磷饥饿能强烈诱导其表达增强     

受褐飞虱取食的水稻幼苗的抑制消减cDNA文库的构建及筛选

采用抑制消减杂交方法,以褐飞虱取食32h的水稻幼苗及未受褐飞虱取食的水稻幼苗为作为对比材料构建了消减cDNA文库,以分离水稻幼苗中褐飞虱应答基因。随机从消减cDNA文库中挑选16个白色菌落提取质粒,进行PCR扩增,发现插入片段的长度位于100～900bp之间。以在受褐飞虱取食的水稻幼苗中特异表达的基因(BpHi008A)为探针,通过斑点印迹分析发现在抑制消减后的cDNA池中,目的基因得到有效富集。利用反向总RNA斑点印迹分析和Northern杂交验证,从消减cDNA文库中筛选到了25个基因受褐飞虱取食的诱导。其中有17个克隆与编码已知功能蛋白的基因有显著的同源性,它们分别参与蛋白质的折叠与降解、蛋白质与蛋白质的相互作用及信号传递、脂类代谢、胁迫反应、物质运输和细胞生长等。总体上,参与胁迫反应和衰老的基因在褐飞虱取食后表达增强。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.