云南高原湖泊抚仙湖和星云湖的酵母菌胞外酶活性

【背景】高原湖泊因其海拔高、气压低、辐射强、氧气含量低,是一类特殊环境,而其中的微生物是高原湖泊生态系统物质循环与能量流动的重要参与者,其胞外酶活性的表现决定其适应这一特殊环境的方式与能力。【目的】对分离自云南高原湖泊抚仙湖和星云湖湖水的酵母菌进行产胞外酶活性的筛选,以期获得具有潜在应用价值的活性菌株。【方法】在5°C和25°C培养温度下,采用平板筛选法对两个湖泊酵母菌进行产胞外蛋白酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、几丁质酶、木聚糖酶、植酸酶、菊粉酶、漆酶、锰依赖过氧化物酶和木质素过氧化物酶活性的筛选。【结果】抚仙湖和星云湖的所有测试酵母菌菌株至少都能产1种胞外酶,且主要产植酸酶、菊粉酶和淀粉酶;其次为脂肪酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、锰依赖过氧化物酶和木质素过氧化物酶;产几丁质酶、蛋白酶和漆酶的酵母菌很少,星云湖酵母菌都不产漆酶。培养温度为5°C时,抚仙湖和星云湖的酵母菌产5种及5种以上胞外酶的活性菌株数均多于25°C。【结论】抚仙湖和星云湖的酵母菌产胞外酶菌株多样性丰富,胞外酶种类多样,产酶酵母菌可能参与高原湖泊生态系统的物质循环;筛选得到的产胞外酶菌株为开发与利用高原湖泊酶资源提供了良好的种质资源,具有进一步研究的价值。     

湖泊岸线分形特征及其生态学意义

应用分形理论中的计盒维数、岸线长度与面积关系对保安湖及江汉平原一些湖泊的湖岸线长度和湖泊面积进行研究．借以对上述两个物理性质进行准确的特征化。此外还运用Korcak法则对湖北省湖泊面积分布进行研究。结果可用于预测湖泊岸线长度如何随着湖泊面积而变化．以及预测不同大小的湖泊面积分布。探讨了湖岸形态和大型水生植物生物量间的关系,并讨论环境和人为因素对湖泊岸线的影响．以及湖泊岸线变化对湖泊生物的影响。     

云南泸沽湖及周边山地表层孢粉与植被关系研究

本文对云南泸沽湖周边山地不同植被类型下采集的32个表土样品和36个泸沽湖湖泊表层样品进行了孢粉分析,探讨了不同植被类型内的表土孢粉散布特征,对比分析了山地表土与湖泊表层孢粉分布特征的差异。结果表明,不同山地植被类型的孢粉组合具有不同的代表性成分与变化特征,能够较好地反映相应的植被类型。湖泊表层孢粉研究表明,湖泊内不同位置的孢粉组合差异较小,说明湖泊表层孢粉反映的是区域植被的平均分布状况。对比分析泸沽湖周边山地表土与湖泊表层样品的孢粉组合,两者存在一定的差异,表现为:湖泊表层的孢粉组合中乔木花粉(主要是松属)平均含量比表土高,但波动范围要小;草本花粉平均含量要低,且波动范围也小。这可能是由于乔木植物植株较高,而且有些乔木植物花粉具有气囊,更易借助风力将花粉传播到比较远的湖泊中的原因造成的。冷杉和铁杉花粉在所有样品中含量都相对较低,分别不高于6.5%和3.6%;桦属、桤木属、常绿栎类花粉的最高值出现在有这些母体植物生长的表土样品中,在其他样品中则明显较低。在表土孢粉样品中经常可以见到冷杉的气孔器,但在湖泊表层样品中却没有见到,说明气孔器不易到达湖泊中。该研究是对中国西南表层孢粉研究的有益补充,同时为泸沽湖新生代特别是第四纪化石孢粉解释提供了可靠的参考和依据。     

封面说明

封面照片白龙江流域的迭部高山裸岩景观,由兰州大学资源环境学院巩杰博士拍摄于2018年6月.甘肃白龙江流域(32o°36,—34°24,N,103°30'-106°0,E)地处黄土高原、秦巴山地向青藏高原的生态过渡带,是长江上游的主要水源区和生态屏障,极具典型性和代表性.     

云南高原湖泊中高温放线菌四新种

在进行云南高原湖泊水生放线菌研究的过程中,分离到大量高温放线菌,按国内通用的方法进行鉴定,有4个新种。模式菌株Y86—8217,Y86—8100,Y86—8010,Y86—8048均保存于云南省微生物研究所。     

青藏高原4类典型水化学特征湖泊的细菌多样性差异及影响因素

青藏高原分布着我国最密集的极端环境湖泊群, 湖泊类型和水化学特征多样, 而不同类型湖泊的细菌群落组成与多样性差异的系统研究相对较少。本文以青藏高原4类典型水化学特征湖泊(即氯化物型、MgSO₄亚型、Na₂SO₄亚型、碳酸盐型)为研究对象, 借助Illumina测序16S rRNA基因(V₃‒V₄区)分析细菌多样性、群落组成差异及其优势属与环境因素的制约关系。结果表明: MgSO₄亚型与氯化物型湖泊多属于超盐环境, 而大多数Na₂SO₄亚型与碳酸盐型湖泊属于咸水、微咸水或淡水环境。4类湖泊获得分类地位明确的细菌共计45门81纲1,148属(52,031个OTUs), 细菌Shannon指数为碳酸盐型(5.27 ± 0.57) > Na₂SO₄亚型(4.96 ± 0.51) > 氯化物型(4.12 ± 0.80) > MgSO₄亚型(3.64 ± 1.04)。优势细菌门是变形菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门。变形菌门的相对多度总体较高, 优势纲是γ-、α-和β-变形菌纲; 厚壁菌门多分布于MgSO₄亚型和氯化物型湖泊, 优势纲是芽孢杆菌纲; 拟杆菌门主要分布于碳酸盐型和Na₂SO₄亚型湖泊, 优势纲是黄杆菌纲。全部氯化物型和少数MgSO₄亚型湖泊的细菌组成相似, 优势属是假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、乳球菌属(Lactococcus)和不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter), 其聚集分布与总盐度、主要离子(Mg²⁺、Cl^-、Na⁺与K⁺)和温度相关; MgSO₄亚型湖泊独有的常见属是芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、气单胞菌属(Aeromonas)、大洋芽孢杆菌属(Oceanobacillus)等, 其聚集分布与SO₄ ^2-浓度正相关; Na₂SO₄亚型与碳酸盐型湖泊的细菌组成相似, 优势属是水弯曲菌属(Aquiflexum)、海仙菌属(Haliea)与苍黄杆菌属(Luteolibacter), 其聚集分布与HCO₃ ^-浓度、pH值和海拔高度呈显著正相关。与世界上其他湖泊组/群相比, 青藏高原湖泊具有独特的细菌优势属和常见属, 不同类型湖泊的细菌群落组成存在显著差异, 可能与水化学类型或地理位置有关。     

江湖阻隔对长江中下游湖泊鱼类群落分类多样性的影响

基于1950s以来的长江中下游湖泊鱼类调查数据,分析通江湖泊与阻隔湖泊的鱼类分类多样性差异,以及通江和阻隔湖泊鱼类分类多样性的时间序列变化,探讨江湖阻隔对鱼类多样性的影响。结果显示,阻隔湖泊鱼类物种数、平均分类差异指数(Δ⁺)和分类差异变异指数(Λ⁺)平均值分别为48.47±14.64、74.02±3.09和736.89±33.80;通江湖泊为76.22±14.40、78.31±0.98和697.31±25.53。阻隔湖泊物种数和Δ⁺值显著低于通江湖泊(P<0.001),而阻隔湖泊Λ⁺值显著高于通江湖泊(P=0.002),表明阻隔湖泊物种间亲缘关系更近,均匀度下降,即物种分类单元减少,且集中分布于某几个分类阶元,稳定性变差。典型通江与阻隔湖泊鱼类群落分类多样性的时间变化分析发现,两种类型湖泊的鱼类物种数和Δ⁺值均随时间推移整体呈现下降趋势,Λ⁺值整体呈现升高趋势;并且阻隔湖泊的Λ+值随阻隔时间增加而大幅上升,Δ⁺和Λ^+...     

抚仙湖和滇池硅藻生物多样性与生产力关系的时间格局

目前国内对生产力–生物多样性关系(productivity–diversity relationship,PDR)的研究主要集中于陆地生态系统和空间尺度,少量关于湖泊系统的研究也主要集中于现代调查,缺乏较长时间尺度上的模式探讨。本文应用沉积物色素记录重建了抚仙湖和滇池初级生产力变化历史,对硅藻群落的主成分分析(PCA)表明两个湖泊的初级生产力都是驱动硅藻群落变化的主要环境梯度。进一步分析硅藻群落α与β多样性响应湖泊生产力水平的模式,发现滇池硅藻群落表现为随着系统生产力的上升物种丰富度减少,β多样性降低,而抚仙湖呈现相反的变化模式。两个湖泊β多样性与生产力平均水平的关系均表现出与α多样性相似的特征,但在与生产力变化幅度的关系上,滇池表现出显著的负相关,而抚仙湖则没有显著的变化。滇池硅藻群落生产力随硅藻多样性的降低显著增加(R2=0.597,P0.01),而在抚仙湖无显著变化,表明了滇池群落多样性的维持对群落生产力的影响较弱,如与营养盐富集的促进作用相比。滇池明显的富营养化过程与强烈的人类扰动带来的环境异质性降低可能对群落多样性–生产力的关系产生了明显的控制作用。     

云南抚仙湖鱼类的若干生物学特性及其对湖泊环境的适应

作者于１９８８年１１月至１９８９年１１月逐月取样研究了抚仙湖鱼类的的生物学特性。在此基础上,本文尝试从生物与环境相统一的观点出发,结合湖泊环境的演变历史,进一步探讨了其生物学特性对湖泊环境的适应。研究结果表明,仙湖鱼类具有一系列共同的生物学特性。依其性质可把这些生物学特性区分为原始性状或特化性状。原始性状提示了抚仙湖现生鱼类是源自该湖所属的江河鱼类区系。特化性状则是鱼类在长期的进化过程中适应相同湖     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.