芽胞杆菌B13功能的初步研究

用选择性培养基从土壤中分离到芽胞杆菌B₁₃。结果表明:芽胞杆菌B₁₃能够同时溶解无机磷和分解有机磷,并且芽胞杆菌B₁₃活菌及其发酵液能够抑制烟草青枯病菌和黄曲霉的生长;共培试验证明芽胞杆菌B₁₃能够抑制烟草疫霉的生长;盆栽试验证明芽胞杆菌B₁₃对烟草青枯病具有一定的防治效果。可以进一步将其开发出集解养分与抗病于一体的微生物活体制剂。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌G03 spoIVF操纵子敲除对芽胞和晶体形成的影响

spoIVF是一个普遍存在于芽胞杆菌中的操纵子。在枯草芽胞杆菌中,它编码的两个蛋白是芽胞形成所必需的。采用基因重组技术敲除了苏云金芽胞杆菌G03菌株中的spoIVF操纵子,构建了spoIVF缺失株G03(spoIVF-)。研究表明:该突变株丧失了形成芽胞和晶体的能力。lacZ基因与cry1Aa基因的启动子融合表达分析发现:突变株中的cry1Aa基因的活性严重降低。利用载体pSTK携带spoIVF操纵子在突变株中的表达,使突变株部分恢复了产胞和形成杀虫晶体蛋白的能力。这说明spoIVF操纵子是所必需的,同时该操纵子还影响σ^E因子控制的cry1Aa基因表达。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌杀线虫伴胞晶体蛋白基因cry6Aa的克隆与表达

通过对晶体蛋白N-末端氨基酸测序,设计简并探针,从对根结线虫高毒力苏云金芽胞杆菌YBT-1518菌株中克隆到1个含有杀线虫晶体蛋白基因的片段。序列测定表明该序列含有两个ORF(orf1和orf2),其中orf1与基因cry6Aa1同源性为98%,已在GenBank上登录(Acc.NO.AF499736),并被命名为cry6Aa2。将克隆的该片段克隆到穿梭载体pHT304上,并转化苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB171,重组菌株可形成米粒状伴胞晶体。生物测定表明,表达的毒素蛋白对北方根结线虫的LC₅₀为9.47μg/mL,毒力与出发菌株(10.74μg/mL)相当。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌CTC菌株的S-层蛋白可以形成伴胞晶体

苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)CTC菌株产生卵圆形伴胞晶体,晶体蛋白分子量为100kD;透射电子显微镜观察结果表明该菌株有S层结构,而且在母细胞内可以形成伴胞晶体和S层的初体结构;其蛋白基因导入苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB171后,扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明转化子能形成晶体,而其形状与CTC菌株的相同;转化子晶体蛋白的分子量大小也与CTC菌株的相同,为100kD。以上实验结果结合以前晶体蛋白N末端测序和基因核苷酸序列,表明苏云金芽胞杆菌CTC菌株的S层蛋白可以形成伴胞晶体。     

带cry3Aa启动子的aiiA基因在苏云金芽胞杆菌中的表达

N-乙酰高丝氨酸内酯（N-cyl-homoserine lactones,AHLs）,是一类数量感知（Quorum-sensing）系统中的信号分子,它参与诱导调控许多植物病原菌致病基因的表达。苏云金芽胞杆菌的AiiA蛋白能降解这类AHLs分子,进而可减弱病原菌致病基因表达产生的病害。苏云金芽胞杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因cry3Aa的启动子是一种不依赖芽胞形成的启动子,它相对于其它cry类基因的启动子有启动基因转录时间早,转录时间长的优点。通过重叠延伸PCR,用杀虫晶体蛋白基因cry3Aa启动子替换编码AiiA蛋白的基因aiiA自身的启动子,构建了融合基因pro3A-aiiA。将融合基因装入穿梭载体pHT304的BamHI/SphI位点,得到重组质粒pBMB686并转化苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB171,重组菌株BMB686的AiiA蛋白表达量在各个生长时期均高于对照菌株,对AHLs分子的降解活性和对胡萝卜软腐欧文氏菌感染马铃薯产生病害的抑制能力也明显优于对照菌株。     

蜡状芽胞杆菌群菌株中部分病原相关因子的检测

对26株蜡状芽胞杆菌群菌株进行了肠毒素基因及其它病原相关因子的检测。PCR结果表明,17株蜡状芽胞杆菌群菌株中含有病原调控因子plcR的同源序列。采用3组溶血肠毒素hbl基因和3组非溶血肠毒素nhe基因特异性引物,分别可从73%的菌株中至少扩增出一个与预期DNA片段大小一致的片段,其中,苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株中溶血素hbl基因和非溶血素nhe基因的阳性检出率为83%。蜡状芽胞杆菌DBt248完全没有溶血活性,而且在溶血素hbl和非溶血素nhe基因的3个亚基以及病原调控因子plcR的PCR检测中均为阴性,有望作为宿主菌用于苏云金芽胞杆菌晶体蛋白的表达和应用。     

利用响应面分析法优化胶质类芽胞杆菌初级种子培养基

采用响应面分析法（RSM）对胶质类芽胞杆菌的初级种子培养基进行了优化,以提高其菌体密度和后续发酵效率。首先采用单因子试验筛选出提升菌体密度的适宜碳源和氮源,分别为麦芽糖和胰蛋白胨,在此基础上采用Plackett Burman(PB)试验设计法,对9种影响菌体生长繁殖的因素进行了评价,结果表明,麦芽糖和MgSO₄·7H₂O对菌体繁殖影响最为显著。用快速登高试验逼近关键因素的最大响应区域,通过中心组合试验和验证试验,获得胶质类芽胞杆菌优化培养基成分为麦芽糖 2.5 g/L,胰蛋白胨1.0 g/L,MgSO₄·7H₂O 0.73 g/L,K₂HPO₄·3H₂O 0.4 g/L,NaCl 0.06 g/L,FeCl₃ 0.6 mg/L,水杨酸10 mg/L,CaCO₃ 1.0 g/L。使用该优化培养基可将菌体密度较优化前提高了近10倍,含量达到4.12×10² cfu/mL。结果为提高胶质类芽胞杆菌的生产发酵水平和保证产品质量提供依据。     

生物防治因子

编码抗鳞翅目害虫晶体蛋白活性的苏云金茅袍杆菌(Bacfllut八邵riogiesf)内毒素基因具有共同的结构特征,如高度保守的N一末端区和较保守的C一末端区,而其中间为超变区(HV)。从一种衍生自苏云金芽抱杆菌质粒的内毒素基因的HV区研制出一种90obp DNA杂     

伪结核棒状杆菌pld基因无痕缺失株构建及其生物学特性及致病性研究

伪结核棒状杆菌是一种可以感染多种动物和人的兼性胞内寄生病原,主要引起被感染动物慢性化脓性炎症反应。[目的]为进一步评价磷脂酶D基因(pld)在伪结核棒状杆菌感染致病中的作用。[方法]本研究采用同源重组技术,在不引入外源基因情况下,构建伪结核棒状杆菌pld无痕缺失株。通过比较pld缺失株和野生株的菌落形态及生长曲线、体外对巨噬细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放及其在胞内的繁殖情况以及体内感染小鼠致死率及促炎细胞因子分泌水平,研究pld与该病原感染致病之间的关系。[结果]无痕缺失pld对伪结核棒状杆菌的菌落形态及生长无明显影响。与野生株ATCC 19410和XH02相比,ATCC 19410Δpld和XH02Δpld失去了与马红球菌ATCC 6939的协同溶血功能,所感染巨噬细胞的LDH释放水平显著下降,胞内细菌数量显著降低;体内试验发现ATCC 19410Δpld对小鼠的致死率、肝脏和脾脏载菌量以及腹水及脏器促炎细胞因子水平均低于ATCC 19410。[结论]成功构建了伪结核棒状杆菌pld无痕缺失株。证实pld在该病原体外感染引发巨噬细胞死亡以及体内感染小鼠致病中具有重要作用。     

深黄被孢霉△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因的克隆及序列分析

γ－亚麻酸（ＧＬＡ,Ｃ１８：３△_{６,９,１２}）是由△_６－脂肪酸脱氢酶以亚油酸（ＬＡ,Ｃ１８：２△_９,１２）为底物,在Ｃ_６位脱氢形成的。由于在人体中,γ－亚麻酸是花生四烯酸、前列腺素类和白三烯类等生理活性物质的前体物,而深黄被孢霉是目前用于微生物发酵生产γ－亚麻酸的主要菌株。本文根据脂肪酸脱氢酶的保守区设计引物,利用反转录聚合酶链式反应从丝状真菌深黄被孢霉中克隆了编码△_６－脂肪酸脱氢酶的ｃＤＮＡ,全长为１３７４个核苷酸,编码４５７ 个氨基酸,但与其他位点的脂肪酸脱氢酶不同的是, △_６－脂肪酸脱氢酶在其序列的 Ｎ 端特有细胞色素 ｂ_５（Ｃｙｔｂ_５）区。这是国际上对深黄被孢霉△_６－脂肪酸脱氢酶基因的首次报道。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.