利用优化改造的家蚕杆状病毒表达系统提高NS1表达产量

为优化家蚕杆状病毒表达系统,提高外源基因的表达产量。文中通过同源重组技术,用串联的氯霉素基因(Cm)表达盒和绿色荧光蛋白基因(egfp)表达盒将其替换,从而获得Chitinase和Cystein Protease两个基因缺失的家蚕杆状病毒载体。通过转座,将多角体启动子控制的家蚕二分浓核病毒(Bm BDV)ns1基因表达盒,定点插入到改造后的该分子载体中。将重组载体转染Bm N细胞,获得能表达家蚕二分浓核病毒(Bm BDV)NS1的缺失型重组病毒;另外,将多角体启动子控制的ns1基因转座到野生型Bm-bacmid中,获得能表达Bm BDV NS1的野生型重组病毒。将这两种病毒分别皮下注射家蚕,对感染后的家蚕血液中NS1表达水平进行比较,发现缺失Chitinase和Cystein Protease重组病毒感染的家蚕血液中,NS1的表达量是对照组的3倍,从而建立了一种高效表达可溶性NS1蛋白的方法,为靶蛋白的结构与功能研究奠定基础。     

A型流感病毒NS1基因密码子去优化改造引起病毒毒力减弱

根据A型流感病毒密码子使用偏嗜性,选取稀有密码子对A/Puerto Rico/8/34(H1N1)病毒NS1基因内部110个氨基酸区域进行密码子同义突变改造,并全基因合成NS基因,利用反向遗传操作技术拯救出含有密码子去优化NS1基因的重组病毒(deoNS)。体外细胞噬斑形成实验和病毒生长曲线证明该病毒在MDCK细胞内的感染和复制能力比野生型病毒低约1000倍;BALB/c小鼠体内致病力实验证明deoNS病毒不能引起小鼠发病和死亡,该病毒在小鼠肺内的复制滴度比野生型病毒低100～1000倍。本研究探索了通过基因组密码子去优化改造途径降低A型流感病毒毒力的可行性,首次证明流感病毒NS1基因密码子去优化同义突变可以降低病毒毒力,为流感减毒活疫苗的研究提供了新的思路。     

人乙型肝炎病毒前表面抗原(preS)基因的突变及其在家蚕细胞中影响表达的研究

为探讨人乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV)前表面抗原 (preS)基因的表达调控机理 ,以实现高效表达 ,利用PCR方法在克隆的 preS基因的第 2、3位密码子引入同义突变 ,消除存在于 5 '端编码区保守的反向重复序列 ,将 preS基因及其突变形式 (MpreS)分别重组到转移载体 pBM0 30 ,获得 pBM preS和pBM MpreS。将 pBM preS和 pBM MpreS分别与野生型家蚕核型多角体病毒 (BmNPV)DNA共转染家蚕培养细胞 (BmN) ,经空斑筛选和杂交证实 ,分别获得重组病毒rBmNPV preS和rBmNPV MpreS。RNA点杂交和ELISA结果表明 :虽然在rBmNPV preS和rBmNPV MpreS感染的BmN细胞内都转录了 preS基因 ,但仅后者表达出 preS蛋白 ,提示preS基因的表达与基因内部起始区的反向重复序列密切相关。     

流感病毒ns1基因的克隆及其原核表达载体的构建

为了解H5N1亚型流感病毒株的ns1基因特性及其规模制备NS1蛋白,首先将病毒在鸡胚中传代,从收获的尿囊液中提取RNA,采用RT-PCR技术扩增流感病毒全长ns基因.测序显示H5N1亚型流感病毒NS1 cDNA全长678bp,编码225个氨基酸.BLAST分析表明,Qa/ST/852/01(H5N1)病毒株ns1基因与近年来从华南地区分离的禽H5N1毒株的ns1基因有很高的同源性.之后采用PCR方法扩增ns1基因的cDNA片段,将其克隆到pGEX-4T-3载体中,与谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(GST)基因融合,构建重组质粒pGEX-4T-3/NS1 cDNA,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)并进行诱导表达.SDS-PAGE和凝胶扫描分析,GST-NS1融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,并且以可溶形式存在,重组融合蛋白的表达量占菌体总蛋白的28.5%,表达产物经亲和层析纯化后蛋白质纯度达96%以上.经免疫印记证实重组融合蛋白可以被GST特异性抗体所识别.该表达载体的构建为获得大量NS1蛋白进行功能研究及抗体制备提供了基础.     

流感病毒ns1基因的克隆及其原核表达载体的构建

为了解H5N1亚型流感病毒株的ns1基因特性及其规模制备NS1蛋白,首先将病毒在鸡胚中传代,从收获的尿囊液中提取RNA,采用RT-PCR技术扩增流感病毒全长ns基因。测序显示H5N1亚型流感病毒NS1cDNA全长678bp,编码225个氨基酸。BLAST分析表明,Qa/ST/852/01(H5N1)病毒株ns1基因与近年来从华南地区分离的禽H5N1毒株的ns1基因有很高的同源性。之后采用PCR方法扩增ns1基因的cDNA片段,将其克隆到pGEX-4T-3载体中,与谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶(GST)基因融合,构建重组质粒pGEX-4T-3/NS1cDNA,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)并进行诱导表达。SDS-PAGE和凝胶扫描分析,GST-NS1融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中获得了高效表达,并且以可溶形式存在,重组融合蛋白的表达量占菌体总蛋白的28.5%,表达产物经亲和层析纯化后蛋白质纯度达96%以上。经免疫印记证实重组融合蛋白可以被GST特异性抗体所识别。该表达载体的构建为获得大量NS1蛋白进行功能研究及抗体制备提供了基础。     

甘油脱氢酶基因在大肠杆菌中的密码子优化表达

[目的]利用密码子优化技术,提高甘油脱氢酶基因gldA在大肠杆菌中的表达水平.[方法]针对gldA起始密码子下游区域,优先选择AT含量最高的同义密码子,从而在不改变氨基酸序列的前提下,提高该区域的AT含量.利用大引物PCR的方法对野生型gldA-WT进行定点突变,获得优化型基因gldA-4,与pET-32a(+)连接后...     

游仆虫Rab蛋白基因的克隆表达与纯化

为对单细胞原生动物纤毛虫中Rab蛋白的功能进行研究 ,进而探讨以胞吞和胞吐为主要物质交换途径的纤毛虫中囊泡定向运输的机理 .利用PCR技术从游仆虫大核DNA及cDNA中扩增出rab基因 ,并进行了序列分析 ,该基因全长为 783bp ,两端为端粒序列 ,编码框为 6 2 4bp ,编码 2 0 7个氨基酸 ,开放读框中有 3个TGA ,在此编码半胱氨酸 .利用定点突变将rab基因中 3个TGA突变为通用半胱氨酸密码子TGC .将游仆虫Rab蛋白基因构建于原核表达载体pGEX 4T 2中 ,得到的重组质粒pGEX Eorab1转化至大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)中 ,IPTG诱导表达 .表达产物与抗GST抗体在 4 9kD处有很强的交叉反应 .融合蛋白GST EoRab1通过亲和层析柱纯化和凝血酶的切割 ,再经两步纯化得到电泳纯的游仆虫Rab蛋白 .     

人骨形态发生蛋白7（hBMP7）在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

依据酵母密码子使用偏好性,利用重叠延伸PCR(OE-PCR)介导的定点突变方法,对人骨形态发生蛋白-7(human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7,hBMP7)成熟肽编码序列进行改造,将毕赤酵母低频使用的精氨酸密码子CGG或CGA突变为高频使用的同义密码子AGA,明显提高了hBMP7成熟肽在毕赤酵母中的表达量摇瓶培养表达量为25.45mg/L,是改造前序列的4.6倍;TricineSDS-PAGE及Western-blotting结果表明,rhBMP7成熟肽分子量为18kD,以单体形式存在,具有良好的免疫原性;利用梯度浓度G418筛选到一株高拷贝整合的转化子,该转化子摇瓶表达量为45.45mg/L,约为单拷贝转化子的2倍。表达上清经阳离子交换介质SPSepharoseR○FastFlow纯化后,目的蛋白纯度达到90%。纯化后的样品与I型胶原混合冻干后埋植于小鼠股部肌袋内,能异位诱导间充质细胞分化形成软骨细胞。     

重组猪a干扰素基因定点突变及在大肠杆菌中的表达

用巨引物PCR法介导的定点突变把猪α干扰素(PoIFN-α)第86位Cys(TGC)突变为Tyr(TAC),同时将其成熟蛋白N端第一个密码子TGT同义突变大肠杆菌偏爱的密码子TGC,构建了大肠杆菌融合基因表达载体pGEX-IFN,表达产物占菌体总蛋白的20%.将以包涵体形式表达的目的蛋白经变、复性处理,并以FPLC进一步纯化,得到了具有较高生物活性的产物(5200IU/mg).     

同义突变SND1慢病毒质粒的构建及回复表达

[目的]构建抵抗shRNA的同义突变SND1慢病毒质粒,并在SND1敲低的卵巢癌细胞系中回复表达SND1。[方法]依据密码子的简并性,针对shRNA识别的序列(TCTCGTCTCAAACTCTATTTG)设计同义突变序列(TAGGTATAACTTTAACCTGCT)并通过重叠延伸PCR的方法将同义突变序列引入SND1的编码序列中,得到recombination SND1(rSND1)目的片段,与pLVX-IRES-Hyg载体连接。测序验证pLVX-FLAG-rSND1质粒序列。pLVX-FLAG-rSND1质粒与包装质粒共转染293T细胞,获得携带FLAG-rSND1的慢病毒毒粒。用慢病毒感染SND1敲低的卵巢癌SKOV3-sh SND1-2细胞株,经潮霉素B筛选后,用Western Blot检测FLAG和SND1的表达。[结果]抵抗shRNA的真核pLVX-FLAG-rSND1重组慢病毒质粒构建成功,可检测到FLAG及SND1的表达。[结论]成功构建了同义突变SND1的pLVX-FLAG-rSND1质粒并在卵巢癌细胞中回复表达,为继续研究SND1蛋白在卵巢癌中的功能奠定了基础。     

The virB operon of Agrobacterium tumefaciens pTiC58 encodes 11 open reading frames

Summary Agrobacterium tumefaciens genetically transforms plant cells by transferring a copy of its T-DNA to the plant where it is integrated and stably maintained. In the presence of wounded plant cells this process is activated and mediated by the products of the vir genes which are grouped into six distinct loci. The largest is the virB locus spanning 9.5 kb. Transposon mutagenesis studies have shown that virB gene products are required for virulence but their functions remain largely unknown. To provide information relevant to understanding the function of VirB polypeptides, the nucleotide sequence of the virB operon from a nopaline plasmid, pTiC58, is presented here. Eleven open reading frames (ORFs) are predicted from this sequence. The predicted sizes of 10 of the 11 VirB polypeptides are verified by specific expression in Escherichia coli. Only the product of the smallest ORF potentially encoding a 5.8 kDa polypeptide has not been detected. The initiation of translation of five virB ORFs occurs at codons that overlap the termination codons of the ORF immediately upstream; thus, translational coupling may be an important mechanism for efficient translation of the large virB polycistronic mRNA. Based on hydropathy plot analysis nine of the virB ORFs encode proteins that may interact with membranes; these data support the earlier hypothesis (Engstromm et al. 1987) that virB gene products may form a membrane pore or channel to mediate exit of the T-DNA copy (T-strands) from Agrobacterium into the plant cell. A comparison of the two published octopine virB sequences with the nopaline sequence presented here is made.     

A novel bicistronic vector for overexpressing Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins in Escherichia coli

A putative DNA glycosylase encoded by the Rv3297 gene (MtuNei2) has been identified in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our efforts to express this gene in Escherichia coli either by supplementing tRNAs for rare codons or optimizing the gene with preferred codons for E. coli resulted in little or no expression. On the other hand, high-level expression was observed using a bicistronic expression vector in which the target gene was translationally coupled to an upstream leader sequence. Further comparison of the predicted mRNA secondary structures supported the hypothesis that mRNA secondary structure(s) surrounding the translation initiation region (TIR), rather than codon usage, played the dominant role in influencing translation efficiency, although manipulation of codon usage or tRNA supplementation did further enhance expression in the bicistronic vector. Addition of a cleavable N-terminal tag also facilitated gene expression in E. coli, possibly through a similar mechanism. However, since cleavage of N-terminal tags is determined by the amino acid at the P₁′ position downstream of the protease recognition sequence and results in the addition of an extra amino acid in front of the N-terminus of the protein, this strategy is not particularly amenable to Fpg/Nei family DNA glycosylases which carry the catalytic proline residue at the P₁′ position and require a free N-terminus. On the other hand, the bicistronic vector constructed here is potentially valuable particularly when expressing proteins from G/C rich organisms and when the proteins carry proline residues at the N-terminus in their native form. Thus the bicistronic expression system can be used to improve translation efficiency of mRNAs and achieve high-level expression of mycobacterial genes in E. coli.     

菘蓝IiEMF基因的克隆与功能分析

该研究以菘蓝(Isatis indigotica Fort.)转录组数据为基础,克隆得到菘蓝EMF基因的cDNA全长,命名为IiEMF。(1)序列分析表明,IiEMF基因开放阅读框长度为1896 bp,编码631个氨基酸。进化树分析表明,菘蓝IiEMF蛋白与甘蓝(Brassica oleracea)EMF蛋白亲缘关系最为接近。(2)实时定量PCR结果显示,IiEMF在菘蓝不同器官中均有表达,且在叶中表达量最高,果实中表达量最低;IiEMF基因在菘蓝抽薹开花过程中叶内的表达量呈先升后降的趋势,并于初花期表达量达到最高后逐渐降低回落;在花/果期IiEMF基因表达量较花蕾中明显降低。(3)成功构建了超表达载体pCAMBIA1300-EMF,经农杆菌介导侵染拟南芥,PCR鉴定表明,有7株为超表达转IiEMF基因植株。(4)表型观察发现,在长日照和短日照条件下,与野生型相比2个转IiEMF基因拟南芥株系的开花时间都明显较早(提前6~10 d),且转IiEMF基因株系的莲座叶数比野生型多10片以上,叶片也比野生型大而肥厚。(5)qRT-PCR检测结果显示,在拟南芥营养生长过程中,过表达IiEMF显著抑制了拟南芥AtAP1、AtCO和AtLFY的表达,而促进了AtFLC的表达;当拟南芥开花时,转基因株系中的AtAP1和AtFLC表达量均高于野生型,AtCO和AtLFY的表达量显著低于野生型。研究表明,过量表达IiEMF基因能够促使拟南芥提前开花,且IiEMF可能是通过影响多种开花途径来共同调节促进拟南芥的早花。     

山茶CjMYB1基因的克隆及表达分析

该研究通过序列比对分析,以野生红山茶和不同花色品种山茶为材料,采用PCR方法克隆CjMYB1基因,并通过生物信息学和表达分析对其进行初步研究,为深入研究山茶CjMYB1基因在花色形成和花发育过程的调控机理奠定理论基础。结果表明：(1)成功克隆获得山茶CjMYB1基因(GenBank登录号为OL347930),其开放阅读框长为879 bp,编码292个氨基酸,相对分子质量为33.17 kD;CjMYB1基因属于R2R3-MYB转录因子,且与拟南芥MYB基因家族的第7亚组处于同一分支。(2)荧光定量PCR分析发现,山茶CjMYB1基因在野生红山茶花芽中表达量最高,在萼片、花瓣、雄蕊和心皮中都有较高的表达量,推测其在山茶花器官发育中发挥着重要作用;在红色山茶品种中表达量较高,而在粉色、淡黄色、白色山茶品种中表达量较低,说明CjMYB1基因可能在红色山茶品种的花色苷合成途径中起到了关键作用。(3)亚细胞定位实验表明,CjMYB1蛋白定位在细胞核。     

向日葵E3泛素连接酶基因的分析定位和表达鉴定

该研究利用前期获得的向日葵耐盐相关基因E3泛素连接酶基因序列(HERC2),构建瞬时表达载体Cam-35S-HERC2-GFP,采用基因枪法转化洋葱表皮细胞进行亚细胞定位;采用RT-PCR技术,分析盐胁迫下HERC2在耐盐品种P50和盐敏感品种P29根、下胚轴和叶中的表达差异;构建HERC2植物表达载体pPZP221-HERC2,采用农杆菌介导法将HERC2导入烟草,进行耐盐功能验证。结果表明:(1)HERC2蛋白定位在细胞膜、细胞质和细胞核中。(2)受到NaCl胁迫后,HERC2基因在耐盐品种P50和盐敏感品种P29中均上调表达,但耐盐品种中的表达量较高。(3)HERC2基因的表达,能够提高转基因烟草的耐盐性。该研究结果为进一步解析向日葵对盐胁迫的响应机制,以及耐盐新品种的选育奠定了基础。     

Investigation of substrate specificity of wildtype and mutant BphK (a glutathione S-transferase) from Burkholderia LB400

The bphK gene located in the bph operon of Burkholderia LB400 encodes a protein, BphK^LB400, with significant sequence similarity to glutathione-S-transferases (GST), a group of enzymes involved in the detoxification of many endobiotic and xenobiotic substances. Comparison of the amino acid sequence of BphK^LB400 with GST from other polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-degrading bacteria identified a number of highly conserved amino acids in the C-terminal region of the protein that may be associated with substrate specificity. In this study, two of these conserved amino acids in BphK^LB400 (amino acids 152 and 180) were selected for mutation, using site-directed mutagenesis, and substrate specificity assays. BphK^LB400 (wildtype and mutant) was over-expressed in Escherichia coli where the bphK gene (wildtype and mutant) is under the expression of a lac promoter and is induced by isopropyl thiogalactoside, and bacterial cell extracts were prepared for GST activity assays. Mutations at amino acids 152 and 180 were shown to affect GST activity of BphK^LB400 using 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, the model substrate for GST activity assays; 4-chlorobenzoate and 3-chlorobenzoate, intermediates in the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) degradation pathway, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate and atrazine, commonly used herbicides; as substrates. A BphK^LB400 mutant (Ala180Pro) is identified in this study as having increased activity towards all substrates tested. This mutant may have potential in bioremediation.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌等离子复合体诱变提高抗鳞翅目害虫的杀虫毒力

[目的]苏云金芽胞杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)D18对鳞翅目、鞘翅目等农业害虫具有杀虫毒力,本研究拟通过复合诱变育种,筛选出杀虫毒力更高的突变菌.[方法]经四轮室温常压等离子体(ARTP)诱变和一轮ARTP-NTG复合诱变后,镜检形态观察与生物毒力测定筛选高毒力菌株,SDS-PAGE检测C...     

A regulatory element within a gene of a ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli negatively controls expression by decreasing the translational efficiency

Summary The trmD operon of Escherichia coli consists of the genes for the ribosomal protein (r-protein) S16, a 21 kDa protein (21K) of unknown function, the tRNA(m¹G37)methyltransferase (TrmD), and r-protein L19, in this order. Previously we have shown that the steady-state amount of the two r-proteins exceeds that of the 21K and TrmD proteins 12- and 40-fold, respectively, and that this differential expression is solely explained by translational regulation. Here we have constructed translational gene fusions of the trmD operon and lacZ. The expression of a lacZ fusion containing the first 18 codons of the 21K protein gene is 15-fold higher than the expression of fusions containing 49 or 72 codons of the gene. This suggests that sequences between the 18th and the 49th codon may act as a negative element controlling the expression of the 21K protein gene. Evidence is presented which demonstrates that this regulation is achieved by reducing the efficiency of translation.