BDV核蛋白FQ RT-PCR试剂盒的评价与应用

为评价博尔纳病病毒(Borna disease virus,BDV)核蛋白荧光定量PCR(FQRT-PCR)试剂盒的各项指标,比较分子信标探针相对普通探针的优势,并了解其实际检测效果,本课题组使用BDVOL持续感染细胞株、非BDV病毒序列转染的OL细胞、正常的OL细胞,对BDVRT-PCR试剂盒的敏感性、特异性、重复性和稳定性进行评估,同时检测部分临床病人和动物外周血液RNA。实验结果显示:试剂盒可以检测出的病毒RNA最低浓度为2.5×101,相当于1个病毒拷贝数,无非特异检出;不同批次的试剂盒的检测结果变异系数小于0.7;加速破坏的试剂盒和正常试剂盒检测结果之间变异系数在2以内;对临床病人检测阳性率为3.6%,对动物检测阳性率为4.2%(猪)和1.5%(马)。可见该试剂盒重复性和稳定性均好;敏感性、特异性优于普通探针试剂盒,是BDV基础研究、流行病学调查和临床检测的良好工具。     

博尔纳病病毒持续感染细胞系中病毒RNA的原位PCR检测

目的建立检测博尔纳病病毒(BDV)RNA的原位PCR方法。方法首先设计BDV特异性引物以及检测BDV-RNA的原位PCR扩增系统．然后对BDV持续感染细胞(BDV／OL)和正常细胞(OL细胞)爬片进行原位PCR扩增,进而分别用DNA酶或RNA酶消化处理BDV／OL细胞爬片后,再进行原位PCR扩增。结果经原位PCR扩增后．约60％～70％的BDV持续感染细胞核中出现了阳性反应信号,但正常细胞无信号出现,并且病毒感染细胞中的阳性信号在RNA酶消化作用下消失,但不受DNA酶作用的影响。结论该研究建立的PCR检测方法具有BDV和RNA特异性,可以应用于检测相关动物或神经精神疾病患者的脑组织中BDV-RNA,为进一步证明BDV的致病性奠定基础。     

检测博尔纳病病毒RNA的RACE技术的建立

目的建立检测博尔纳病病毒(BDV)RNA的3′RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends)方法。方法根据已知的BDV p40基因序列设计上游引物sp1;提取BDV(H1766株)持续感染OL细胞的总RNA,用引物sp1和oligo dT进行3′RACE扩增,将PCR产物克隆到pGEM-T载体并转化到大肠埃希菌中,制备阳性菌落的目的质粒,进行序列测定和同源性比对;同时对检测BDV RNA的3′RACE方法的特异性和敏感性进行分析。结果建立了检测BDV RNA的3′RACE技术;所获得的BDV p40基因的3′末端扩增产物的核苷酸序列与已知BDV(H1766株)p40基因的核苷酸序列同源性为100%;本方法对BDV RNA(mRNA)具有特异性,但对BDV p40基因重组质粒无扩增结果;并且可以检测到0.04 ng以上含量的BDV感染细胞的总RNA。结论检测BDV RNA的3′RACE技术可以排除实验室污染造成的BDV基因扩增的假阳性,并可用于进一步分析BDV基因序列的特点以及评价BDV相关基因的表达情况。     

Real-time TaqMan RT-PCR快速检测犬瘟热病毒方法的研究

按照犬瘟热(CDV)N基因序列,设计合成了特异性引物和探针,经各反应条件的优化,建立了Real-time荧光定量RT-PCR技术,对细胞培养物、肝脏、肺脏、脑、脾脏、淋巴结以及鼻腔拭子等组织病料中的CDV进行了特异性检测和敏感性试验。同时,利用建立的Real-time荧光定量RT-PCR方法与常规RT-PCR以及韩国BIOINDIST生产的BIT RAPID CDV检测试剂盒对57份临床样品进行了检测。结果:用20pmol/mL的引物浓度各1uL和20pmol/mL的探针浓度0．3uL,获得的荧光信号最强,曲线平滑。敏感性高,可检测到1．24×10—3ng/uL的病毒RNA;特异性强,与NDV、AIV、NiPV等RNA病毒不发生交叉反应。试验重复性的变异系数(CV)分别为2．3%、2．5%和4．2%;与常规RT-PCR和BIOINDIST生产的BIT RAPID CDV检测试剂盒相比较,该方法具有快速、特异、敏感、可定量,并可同时检测大量样品等优点。     

呼吸道合胞病毒IgG酶联检测试剂盒的研制

为了研制检测呼吸道合胞病毒IgG的酶联检测试剂盒,以呼吸道合胞病毒Long株病毒液作为包被抗原,HRP标记羊抗人IgG作为信号抗体,制备ELISA抗体检测试剂盒。结果表明建立的RSV酶联检测试剂盒敏感性与进口试剂盒接近,特异性达 95. 24%,重复性好,批内变异系数为 6. 35%,试剂盒置于 37℃ 0天与 7天检测结果无显著差异。成功制备了RSVIgG酶联检测试剂盒。     

蜜蜂克什米尔病毒实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立和评价

蜜蜂克什米尔病毒(Kashmir bee virus,KBV)是一种高毒力的急性蜜蜂病毒,可以引起蜜蜂的死亡和蜂群崩溃.本研究旨在建立一种灵敏、快速检测KBV的TaqMan实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法.参照GenBank中polymerase polyprotein有关基因序列,设计一组特异性引物和探针,并通过体外转录法制备RNA标准品作为阳性模板.在对反应体系进行优化的基础上,建立了 KBV的实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法并进行了特异性试验、敏感性试验、重复性试验和临床样本验证.结果显示:该方法能有效扩增8×100拷贝/μL～8×107拷贝/μL 的KBV标准品,建立的标准曲线呈现良好的线性关系.该方法的检测灵敏度为8拷贝/μL,对其他蜜蜂病毒不发生交叉反应,具有很好的特异性;重复性试验结果显示组内和组间的变异系数分别低于1％和2％,重复性良好.应用本研究建立方法与常规RT-PCR方法对样品进行检测,TaqMan实时荧光RT-PCR检测方法的特异性优于常规RT-PCR.本研究建立的实时荧光RT-PCR检测具有良好的敏感性、特异性和重复性,为KBV的检测和流行病学调查提供技术支持.     

寨卡病毒、登革病毒、基孔肯雅病毒三重荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立及评价

本研究旨在建立寨卡病毒(ZIKV virus,ZIKV)、登革病毒(Dengue virus,DENV)以及基孔肯雅病毒(Chikungunya virus,CHIKV)三种病毒快速筛查、诊断的核酸检测技术。选用ZIKV的NS1基因、DENV的NS5蛋白基因以及CHIKV的E1蛋白基因作为靶标区域设计三组特异性引物探针,建立三重实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法。用ZIKV、DENV、CHIKV病毒体外转录RNA和病毒细胞培养物对该方法的灵敏性、特异性、重复性等方面进行评价,最后临床样本以及模拟标本验证。结果显示:三重实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法扩增效率均可达到90%以上,三种病毒体外转录RNA最低检测限均低于15拷贝/PCR,病毒培养物最低检出限均低于10PFU/mL且与单重检测方法无明显差异。与其他病毒无交叉反应,变异系数均在2%以内。临床标本及模拟标本检出率均可达95%以上。本研究建立的检测寨卡病毒、登革病毒以及基孔肯雅病毒的三重实时荧光RT-PCR方法具有良好的敏感性、特异性和重复性,可用于寨卡病毒病等相关临床标本的检测。     

乙型脑炎病毒（JEV）ELISA检测方法的建立

目的建立猪乙型脑炎病毒（JEV）抗体ELISA检测方法。方法培养BHK21细胞,接种JEV病毒,制备BHK21正常抗原和JEV特异抗原,滴定酶结合物和抗原最佳工作浓度,并进行精密性、敏感性、稳定性、特异性实验。结果正常、特异抗原和酶结合物最佳工作浓度分别为0.2μg/mL、10μg/mL和1∶20000;正常、特异抗原批内变异系数分别为8.3%和6.4%,批间平均变异系数分别为9.7%和11.5%;检测灵敏度为1∶1280;与猪瘟病毒（CSFV）、猪细小病毒（PPV）均无交叉反应。稳定性试验相对偏差小于25%。结论建立的ELISA方法重复性、稳定性好,特异性、敏感性强。可用于猪JEV抗体的检测。     

北美洲流行汉坦病毒多重荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

为了建立牛轭湖病毒(Bayou virus,BAYV)、纽约病毒(New York virus,NYV)、厄尼诺洛峡谷病毒(El Moro Canyon virus,ELMCV)以及岛景病毒(Isla Vista virus,ISLAV)四种病毒快速筛查、诊断的核酸检测技术,本研究选用上述四种病毒的N蛋白基因作为靶标区域设计四组特异性引物探针,建立四重实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法。用四种病毒体外转录RNA进行灵敏度和重复性验证,并使用其他病毒细胞培养物及体外转录RNA进行特异性验证。结果显示,四重实时荧光定量PCR扩增效率均可达到95%以上,四种病毒体外转录RNA灵敏度介于1～10拷贝/μL,与单重检测方法无明显差异,且与其他病毒无交叉反应。稳定性评价结果显示,批内、批间变异系数均在3%以内。本研究所建立的检测方法具有良好的敏感性、特异性和重复性,可用于相关样本的诊断与筛查。     

牛流行热病毒LUX~(TM)荧光RT-PCR检测方法的建立

采用LUXTM荧光PCR技术原理,以牛流行热病毒(BEFV)糖蛋白抗原G基因保守序列为模板设计特异荧光PCR扩增引物,建立BEFV LUXTM实时荧光RT-PCR快速检测方法。试验结果显示,所建立的荧光RT-PCR可特异检测牛流行热病毒RNA,而对蓝舌病病毒、牛病毒性腹泻-粘膜病病毒、水泡性口炎病毒、口蹄疫病毒、牛白血病病毒以及与BEFV同种属的狂犬病病毒核酸检测呈阴性反应。敏感性试验表明LUXTM荧光RT-PCR对BEFV RNA的检测敏感性比常规RT-PCR方法提高达100倍以上。该LUXTM荧光RT-PCR的批内检测变异系数0.64%-1.17%,批间检测变异系数均小于2%,表明检测体系稳定、重复性好。通过人工添加灭活病毒液的方法制备30份模拟感染牛血清样品,采用上述所建立的BEFV LUXTM荧光RT-PCR方法检测均呈阳性。     

五种国产与进口小鼠病毒ELISA抗体检测试剂盒的比较研究

目的评价国产小鼠病毒抗体ELISA检测试剂盒。方法选择国产与进口小鼠淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒（LCMV）、肝炎病毒（MHV）、仙台病毒（SV）、腺病毒（MAV）、细小病毒（MPV）ELISA抗体检测试剂盒,进行敏感性、特异性、精密性、稳定性、可信度试验比较。结果国产与进口试剂盒：同种试剂盒之间灵敏度相差最低为2倍,差异显著（P〈0.05）,最高为16倍,差异极显著（P〈0.01）;特异性试验显示每种试剂盒,与其他4种病毒均无交叉反应;精密性试验显示5种试剂盒批内平均变异系数均小于10%;稳定性试验显示5种试剂盒相对偏差均小于25%;分别选择已知36份小鼠血清进行检测,国产和进口LCMV、MHV、SV、MPV符合率均为100%;国产MAV符合率为86.1%,进口MAV符合率均为100%,二者之间差异极显著（P〈0.01）。结论除国产MAV试剂盒敏感性、可信度低于进口外,国产LCMV、MHV、SV、MPV试剂盒与进口同种试剂盒相比,在敏感性、特异性、精密性、稳定性和可信度方面均良好。     

丙型肝炎病毒抗体化学发光免疫检测方法的建立及其临床应用简

目的：建立丙型肝炎病毒（rmv）抗体化学发光免疫检测方法,并分析其临床应用价值。方法：应用基因工程重组的HCV抗原包被微孔板,以辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗人IgG为二抗,并结合鲁米诺化学发光底物系统,建立HCV抗体化学发光免疫检测方法;应用HCV抗体诊断试剂国家参考品分析所建立方法的特异性、灵敏度、稳定性和精密性,并-9北京万泰公司的ELISA试剂盒同时检测临床血清样本350份,比较检测结果。结果：检测结果符合国家参考品质量标准。批内变异系数5．1％。6．6％,批间变异系数9-5％;试剂盒置37℃考核3d,其稳定性良好;与万泰公司的ELISA检测结果对照,阳性符合率分别为99．0％,阴性符合率分别为100％,总符合率为99．4％;Kappa值为0．986,一致性强度最强。结论：建立了特异、敏感和稳定的HCV抗体化学发光免疫检测方法,适用于HCV感染的批量筛查,具有较大的临床应用价值。     

Comparison of three ELISA kits for the differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease virus-infected from vaccinated animals

A study was performed to validate 3 FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA kits developed in China for the differentiation of FMDV infected and vaccinated animals. Sets of sera from naive and vaccinated cattle as well as from cattle that had been infected were tested for antibodies against nonstructural proteins (NSPs) of FMDV by commercial diagnosis kits, Ceditest® FMDV-NS (Ceditest® kit), UBI® FMDV NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN ELISA DIRECTION INSERT (UBI® kit) and a FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA kit developed at the Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute. The test parameters (sensitivity and specificity) of the three kits were determined, and the result obtained from FMD 3ABC-I-ELISA kit was compared with that obtained from two foreign kits. The results indicated that the coincidence rate between the FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA and Ceditest® kits was 98.05%, and the coincidence rate between the FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA and UBI® kits was 94.4%; the sensitivity of both Ceditest® and FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA kit was 100%. However, the sensitivity of the UBI® kit was only 81.8%. With sera from naive or vaccinated non-infected animals, the specificity of all tests exceeded 90%.     

Comparison of Three ELISA Kits for the Differentiation of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus-infected from Vaccinated Animals

A study was performed to validate 3 FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA kits developed in China for the differentiation of FMDV infected and vaccinated animals.Sets of sera from naive and vaccinated cattle as well as from cattle that had been infected were tested for antibodies against nonstructural proteins (NSPs) of FMDV by commercial diagnosis kits,Ceditest(R)FMDV-NS (Ceditest(R) kit),UBI(R) FMDV NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEIN ELISA DIRECTION INSERT (UBI(R) kit) and a FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA kitdeveloped at the Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute.The test parameters (sensitivity and specificity) of the three kits were determined,and the result obtained from FMD 3ABC-I-ELISA kit was compared with that obtained from two foreign kits.The results indicated that the coincidence rate between the FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA and Ceditest(R) kits was 98.05%,and the coincidence rate between the FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA and UBI(R) kits was 94.4%; the sensitivity of both Ceditest(R) and FMDV 3ABC-I-ELISA kit was 100%.However,the sensitivity of the UBI(R) kit was only 81.8%.With sera from naive or vaccinated non-infected animals,the specificity of all tests exceeded 90%.     

Pathogenesis of Borna Disease Virus: Granulocyte Fractions of Psychiatric Patients Harbor Infectious Virus in the Absence of Antiviral Antibodies

Borna disease virus (BDV) causes acute and persistent infections in various vertebrates. During recent years, BDV-specific serum antibodies, BDV antigen, and BDV-specific nucleic acid were found in humans suffering from psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, viral antigen was detected in human autopsy brain tissue by immunohistochemical staining. Whether BDV infection can be associated with psychiatric disorders is still a matter of debate; no direct evidence has ever been presented. In the present study we report on (i) the detection of BDV-specific nucleic acid in human granulocyte cell fraction from three different psychiatric patients and (ii) the isolation of infectious BDV from these cells obtained from a patient with multiple psychiatric disorders. In leukocyte preparations other than granulocytes, either no BDV RNA was detected or positive PCR results were obtained only if there was at least 20% contamination with granulocytes. Parts of the antigenome of the isolated virus were sequenced, demonstrating the close relationship to the prototype BDV strains (He/80 and strain V) as well as to other human virus sequences. Our data provide strong evidence that cells in the granulocyte fraction represent the major if not the sole cell type harboring BDV-specific nucleic acid in human blood and contain infectious virus. In contrast to most other reports of putative human isolates, where sequences are virtually identical to those of the established laboratory strains, this isolate shows divergence in the region previously defined as variable in BDV from naturally infected animals.     

Two Different Epidemiological Scenarios of Border Disease in the Populations of Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra p. pyrenaica) after the First Disease Outbreaks

Since 2001 several outbreaks of a new disease associated with Border disease virus (BDV) infection have caused important declines in Pyrenean chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica) populations in the Pyrenees. The goal of this study was to analyze the post-outbreak BDV epidemiology in the first two areas affected by disease with the aim to establish if the infection has become endemic. We also investigated if BDV infected wild and domestic ruminants sharing habitat with chamois. Unexpectedly, we found different epidemiological scenarios in each population. Since the disease outbreaks, some chamois populations recuperated quickly, while others did not recover as expected. In chamois from the first areas, prevalence was high (73.47%) and constant throughout the whole study period and did not differ between chamois born before and after the BDV outbreak; in all, BDV was detected by RT-PCR in six chamois. In the other areas, prevalence was lower (52.79%) and decreased during the study period; as well, prevalence was significantly lower in chamois born after the disease outbreak. No BDV were detected in this population. A comparative virus neutralisation test performed with four BDV strains and one Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) strain showed that all the chamois had BDV-specific antibodies. Pestivirus antibodies were detected in all the rest of analyzed species, with low prevalence values in wild ruminants and moderate values in domestic ruminants. No viruses were detected in these species. These results confirm the hypothesis that outbreaks of BDV infection only affect the Pyrenean chamois, although other wild ruminants can occasionally be infected. In conclusion, two different scenarios have appeared since the first border disease outbreaks in Pyrenean chamois: on the one hand frequent BDV circulation with possible negative impact on population dynamics in some areas and on the other, lack of virus circulation and quick recovery of the chamois population.     

Comparison of commercially available kits with standard methods for the detection of coliforms and Escherichia coli in foods.

Three commercially available kits that were supplemented with substrates for enzyme reactions were evaluated to determine their abilities to detect coliforms and fecal coliforms in foods. Japanese and U.S. Food and Drug Administration standard methods, as well as two agar plate methods, were compared with the three commercial kits. A total of 50 food samples from various retailers were examined. The levels of detection of coliforms were high with the commercial kits (78 to 98%) compared with the levels of detection with the standard methods (80 to 83%) and the agar plate methods (56 to 83%). Among the kits tested, the Colilert kit had highest level of recovery of coliforms (98%), and the level of recovery of Escherichia coli as determined by beta-glucuronidase activity with the Colilert kit (83%) was comparable to the level of recovery obtained by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration method (87%). Isolation of E. coli on the basis of the beta-glucuronidase enzyme reaction was found to be good. Levine's eosine methylene blue agar, which has been widely used in various laboratories to isolate E. coli was compared with 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-glucuronide (MUG)-supplemented agar for isolation of E. coli. Only 47% of the E. coli was detected when eosine methylene blue agar was used; however, when violet red bile (VRB)-MUG agar was used, the E. coli detection rate was twice as high. Of the 200 E. coli strains isolated, only 2 were found to be MUG negative, and the gene responsible for beta-glucuronidase activity (uidA gene) was detected by the PCR method in these 2 strains. Of the 90 false-positive strains isolated that exhibited various E. coli characteristic features, only 2 non-E.coli strains hydrolyzed MUG and produced fluorescent substrate in VRB-MUG agar. However, the PCR did not amplify uidA gene products in these VRB-MUG fluorescence-positive strains.     

Mechanism of the antiviral action of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine on Borna disease virus

Borna disease virus (BDV) is a nonsegmented, negative-stranded RNA virus that causes neurological diseases in a variety of warm-blooded animal species. Recently, we showed that the nucleoside analog 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (Ara-C) was a potent inhibitor of BDV. This finding was surprising for an RNA virus, since Ara-C is a DNA polymerase inhibitor. Thus, we sought to better define the mechanism of action of Ara-C on BDV. Here, we show that (i) this effect is specific for an arabinoside ring carrying a cytosine base, (ii) it requires phosphorylation of the nucleotide, and (iii) it can be reversed by an excess of cytidine. Using the recently described minigenome assay for BDV, we provide evidence suggesting that Ara-C may act as a competitive inhibitor of the BDV replication complex.     

Borna disease virus: evidence of naturally-occurring infection in cats in Australia

In Europe, Borna disease virus (BDV) infection has been linked with staggering disease. The aim of this study was serological investigation for BDV infection in Australian cats. De-identified sera were obtained from domestic cats presented at various veterinary clinics. BDV antigen levels were measured by a monoclonal antibody-based ELISA. Antibody to BDV measured semiquantitatively by ELISA was detected in 0.8% of cats from South Australia and 3.2% of animals from NSW Confirmatory assays for ELISA positive samples included Western blot and immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with BDV-specific staining. Seven BDV-antigen positive sera (2.4%) were identified in sera from cats from New South Wales (NSW). In blinded testing, amongst a large number of negative results, repeat submissions over a seven-month period from a cat co-infected with Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) were BDV-antigen positive. Anti-BDV antibody detected in this cat by ELISA was confirmed by Western blot (p24/ p40/p56) and IFA. For 4 other anti-BDV ELISA-positive samples, specific reactions with BDV proteins were observed by Western blot. Ten other anti-BDV ELISA-positive samples were IFA positive. These data provide consistent serological evidence that, while horses in Australia are free of BDV infection, there may be a low rate of BDV infection in cats.