采用EF-1α序列及气生菌丝上的孢子形态特征对九州镰孢菌、拟枝孢镰孢菌和厚垣镰孢菌的鉴定

对九州镰孢菌Fusarium kyushuense、厚垣镰孢菌F. chlamydosporum 和拟枝孢镰孢菌F. sporotrichioides在气生菌丝上产生的孢子进行了比较。九州镰孢菌在气生菌丝上产生多隔孢子（即中型分生孢子）;厚垣镰孢菌在气生菌丝上产生的主要是0隔针叶状分生孢子;拟枝孢镰孢菌在气生菌丝上产生两种类型的分生孢子：芜菁形、单胞分生孢子以及椭圆形、0－1隔的分生孢子。多隔的气生孢子（中型分生孢子）在厚垣镰孢菌和拟枝孢镰孢菌这两个种中偶尔可以观察到,但是不应作为对这两个种进行鉴定的主要     

中国菌绒孢属的研究

菌绒孢是一个小属,已描述过的种约50个,都是植物寄生菌,有的引致植物病害还较 严重.本文报告了我国产的21个种,其中1个是新种,4个是新组合和2个新记录,对18个种均有英文描述和附图,新种还附有拉丁文简介,各个种的地区分布也予以载述.但文中有分布地区而其后未附HMAS标本号码者多系据《中国真菌总汇》(1979)转录.从前人的描述和我们研究中看出,菌绒孢属的属级特征有:(1)产孢细胞合生,合轴式多点全壁芽茁产孢;(2)分生孢子梗壁上和分生孢子顶端和基脐,或仅基脐的孢痕疤明显而厚;(3)分生孢子梗主要从表生甸甸菌丝上作为侧枝或顶生,但有的种也兼有从子座上 簇生的;(4)菌丝多结集成菌丝绳或攀缘于叶毛上;(5)分生孢子链生,少数种也不链生. 这就清楚表明菌绒孢属与尾孢菌属和色链隔孢属(Phaeoramularia)少不同之处在于,尾孢 菌和色链隔孢属二者的分生孢子梗均成簇发生且无表生匍匐菌丝,与极其近似的假尾孢属(Pseudocercospora)不同之处在于,后者的分生孢子梗也着生于表生匍匐状菌丝和簇 生于子座上,但其分生孢子梗和分生孢子的孢痕疤却薄而不明显,因而易于区别开.虽然1974年von Arx在其《纯培养产孢真菌的属》一书中,曾把菌绒孢属作为枝孢 属(Cladosporium)的异名,但这一观点我们未予接受,其理由已在《中国色链隔孢曲(1982)一文中加以说明,这里未予重述.上述这21个种除3个种,即M. costaricensis, M, pawlownicola和M. vaginae我们未获得研究材料,仅据以前作者的报导转录外,其余18个种均系根据标本进行的.这些标本,含M. merremiae sp. nov.的模式标本在内,均贮藏于中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室.     

簇孢霉属一新种

本文报道了采自陕西安康的一个簇孢霉属 Sporothrix 新种:安康簇孢霉 Sporothrixankangensis M.Z.Fan,C.Guo et T.Y.Zhang。该种与本属绝大多数已知种的区别在于其初生分生孢子可产生次生分生孢子。与其相似种菌生簇孢霉 S.fungorum de Hoog et Vries的区别,在于其分生孢子呈短棒状或长椭圆形,而不为近球形、短圆柱状或椭圆形。而与链生簇孢霉 S.catenata de Hoog et Constantinescu 的主要不同点为本种的分生孢子链很短,一般二孢,极少数三孢。主模式标本及干制培养物存放于西北林学院真菌标本室。     

中国枝孢属的分类研究——Ⅰ.甘蓝枝孢等四个国内新记录种

<正> 戴芳澜在《中国真菌总汇》中报告了我国产的枝孢属真菌16种。现增补以下4种。 1.甘蓝枝孢 新记录种 图1 Cladosporium brassicae(E11. & Barth)M. B. Ellis, More Demat. Hypham. P. 340, 1976 Fig. 1=Cladotrichum brassicae Ellis & Barth, Trans, Kans. Acad. Sci. 16: 167, 1899. 寄生于甘蓝上,引起黄色病斑,病斑背面生橄榄褐色霉层。分生孢子梗簇生,直立或曲膝状,有节状膨大,橄榄褐色,25.0—148.0×5.4—9.2μm;分生孢子单生或呈短链,圆柱形,近圆形,椭圆形,橄榄     

下垂虫草的重寄生现象及重寄生菌的鉴定

在安徽省岳西县鹞落坪自然保护区,发现了1种寄生于下垂虫草(Ophiocordyceps nutans)的重寄生菌。通过形态特征观察和ITS序列分子生物学分析,将其鉴定为枝多头霉(Polycephalomyces ramosus)。其孢梗束着生于下垂虫草子实体的可孕部,顶部膨大呈球形。本种具有产生单个卵形的A型分生孢子的顶侧生排列的A型瓶梗和能形成分生孢子链的B型瓶梗,并在培养基上的气生菌丝和孢梗束的柄部都观察到梭形、链生的B型分生孢子。GenBank中相关种的ITS序列与拉丁名可能有误。     

从药用植物根际土壤中分离出的2个中国新记录种(英文)

在进行黑龙江省药用植物根际土壤真菌多样性的研究中,分离获得了2个中国新记录种:蕨枝顶孢[Acremonium pteridii(J.C.Frankland)W.Gams]和穴形节皮菌的金孢属无性型[Chrysosporium anamorph ofArthro-derma cuniculi(Dawson)C.A.N.van Oorschot]。蕨枝顶孢的主要形态特征为分生孢子梗单生或二次及三次分支,具有1~3个隔膜,顶端着生单个分生孢子;分生孢子以假头状着生,卵形或者近圆形,内含1个油球。穴形节皮菌的金孢属无性型主要形态特征为短的侧分支与可育菌丝呈直角伸出,分生孢子具柄,生于短的突起上或者直立的侧分支上;分生孢子卵形或棍棒形,顶端钝圆,基部平截,大多数单胞,极少数为由2~3个细胞组成。文中对它们进行了详细的形态特征描述,标本保存于大连民族学院菌种保藏中心。     

Fonsecaea monophora致着色芽生菌病1例

报道1例由Fonsecaea monophora所致的着色芽生菌病。患者男,72岁,因右肩部斑块20余年就诊,取皮损痂皮进行真菌镜检及培养,皮损组织做病理学检查,并对分离的菌株进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定。真菌直接镜检及组织病理HE染色均可见厚壁、棕色的硬壳小体。真菌培养可见黑褐色,绒毛状菌落生长。小培养可见枝孢型和喙枝孢型产孢,分生孢子单细胞性。ITS区序列分析鉴定为Fonsecaea monophora。给予特比萘芬250mg/d口服治疗,7个月后皮损痊愈。     

套袋苹果褐点病菌分类鉴定及致病性

2011和2012年山东栖霞、蓬莱、沂源等地套袋苹果果实出现了一种红褐色病斑。从病斑上分离获得两株枝顶孢属Acremonium真菌,其中一株产生头状排列的分生孢子,另一株产生链状排列的分生孢子。2个菌株都能从伤口侵染近成熟期的苹果果实,导致果肉细胞坏死,表面凹陷,形成红褐色坏死斑。2个菌株都不能侵染无伤果实。2个菌株的ITS、β-微管蛋白基因、核糖体大亚基（nucLSU）和小亚基（nucSSU）的DNA序列完全相同。依椐两个菌株的ITS和nucLSU的DNA序列和形态特征,将2个菌株鉴定为菌核生枝顶孢Acremonium sclerotigenum。A. sclerotigenum是一种机会真菌,条件适宜时可侵染套袋的苹果果实,导致褐色坏死病斑,称之为枝顶孢褐点病。     

枝状枝孢引起皮肤暗色丝孢霉病1例

目的报道1例枝状枝孢引起的皮肤暗色丝孢霉病。方法采用10％KOH镜检、真菌培养、小培养、温度试验、明胶液化试验、体外药敏试验、组织病理检查。结果皮损脓液10％KOH镜检见有棕黄色分隔菌丝;沙堡弱培养基（SDA）培养出局限性、绒状、橄榄绿色菌落;马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基（PDA）小培养,孢梗多侧生于菌丝上,不分枝,产孢后不延伸、不膨大,淡褐色,具孢痕,枝孢呈长三角形,分生孢子顶生或侧生于其上,形成分枝的孢子链;最适应生长温度为25—27℃;能液化明胶。因此,本菌株符合枝状枝孢特征。而皮损组织病理显示真皮内弥漫性炎性细胞浸润以及肉芽肿病理相,伴有真菌菌丝孢子侵犯,诊断为皮肤暗色丝孢霉病。体外药敏试验结果显示本菌株对伊曲康唑敏感,给予患者口服0．4g／d,8周后皮损基本消退,目前仍在服药及随访。结论本病例的致病菌为枝状枝孢,选用伊曲康唑治疗有效。     

中国一新记录属--线隔孢属

Septonema Corda, Icon. Fung., 1: 9, 1837. 菌落铺展型,绒毛状,淡青褐色至黑褐色。菌丝体埋生或部分表生。无子座、刚毛和附着枝。分生孢子梗分化明显,通常单生,直或稍微弯曲,不分枝或具短侧枝,褐色,外壁光滑,有隔膜。产孢细胞单芽生或有时多芽生,顶生或居间生于柄或分枝上,与梗合生,有限生长,柱状。分生孢子大多顶生,形成长且常分枝的向顶序列孢子链,易分离,柱状或长方形,椭圆形或纺锤形,至端部突然变细,最末端平截,淡褐色至深青褐色,褐色或红褐色,表面光滑,厚壁,具1至若干个横膈膜。 模式种：Septonema se…     

采自云南热带雨林的中国多孔菌两新记录种

<正>1 INTRODUCTION Wood-rotting fungi have been intensively studied in China (Dai & Niemel? 2002; Dai et al. 2003, 2004a, 2004b; Dai & Penttil? 2006), and some new species and new records were found from     

海南岛霸王岭不同热带森林类型的种-个体关系

 比较分析了海南岛霸王岭自然保护区核心区热带低山雨林、山地雨林、云雾林、山地矮林等4种热带森林类型中不同大小径级树木的物种—个体关系。结果表明：各种植被类型中物种数与个体数对数成线性关系是一种普遍现象,且不受调查树木的径木级影响。在相同个体数的条件下,累积物种数随海拔增高而逐渐减少,也即物种数由热带低山雨林、山地雨林、云雾林到热带山地矮林逐渐减少。对于各种植被类型的种—多度关系,单个体、双个体的物种有相当高的比例,其后一般依个体数的增加,而逐渐降低物种的出现频率,呈典型的倒J型曲线,而且这一比例随树木径级的增加而增加。     

Frequency of occurrence of fungi on wood in Malaysian mangroves

Over one hundred fungi have been reported on mangrove wood (Hyde and Jones, 1988; Jones and Kuthubutheen, 1989; Hyde and Jones, unpublished) from tropical and subtropical locations. A variety of factors affect the frequency of occurrence of these fungi, e.g . salinity, length of exposure of substrate, wood species and location within the mangrove. Two aspects are addressed in this paper: a) Comparison of the fungi present at three mangroves in Malaysia (Morib, Kuala Selangor, Port Dickson); and b) The fungi colonising specific mangrove wood, e.g. Avecennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza. Species diversity was greatest at Port Dickson with 63 fungi recorded while species composition varied from site to site. Common fungi at Morib and Kuala Selangor were Halocyphina villosa and Leptosphaeria australiensis along with Kallichroma tethys and Lulworthia grandispora at the latter site. None of these were common at Port Dickson, the dominant species at this site were Hypoxylon oceanicum and Massarina ramunculicola. A comparison of the fungi occurring on Avicennia marina and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza indicated that Halocyphina villosa was common on both timbers. Species diversity and abundance were greatest on Avicennia with the following fungi listed as common: Eutypa sp., Kallichroma tethys, Marinosphaera mangrovei, Phoma sp. and Julelia avicenniae.     

北京地区水泡中的丝孢菌及其生态

本文报道北京及其邻近地区4个水域泡沫中的水生丝孢菌14属21种,其中6属11种为中国新记录,它们是:粗水线孢Anguillospora crassa Ingold,膨顶节枝孢Articulospora inflata Ingold,四节枝孢A.tetracladia Ingold,立水枝孢Dendrospora erecta Ingold,梯状小双枝孢Diplocladiella scalaroides Arnaud,星状小钉孢Heliscella stellata(Ing.&Cox)Nilsson ex Marvanova&Nilsson,奴地疣钉孢Heliscus lugdunensis Saccardo&Therry,阿地放射孢Lemonniera alabamensis Sinclair＆Morgan,细丽三枝孢Tricladium gracile Ingold,明丽三枝孢T.splendens Ingold,和多枝变孢霉Varicosporium elodeae Kegel。同时讨论了这类真菌与其生态环境之间的相关性及其分布。     

广东沿海的砂壳纤毛虫及3种国内新纪录

对广东沿海的砂壳纤毛虫进行了初步研究,涉及7属16种,其中3种确定为中国的新纪录:僧帽壳铃虫Codonella apicata Kofoid&Campbell,1929,陀螺形拟铃虫Tintinnopsis turbo Meunier,1919和膨胀细壳虫Stenosemella expansa Wailes,1925。另有3种为我国亚热带海域的新纪录:筒状拟铃虫Tintinnopsis tubu-losoides Meunier,1910,罗氏拟铃虫Tintinnopsis lohmanni(J rgensen,1927)Laackmann,1906和贪婪铃壳虫Codonella rapa Kofoid&Campbell,1929。其余10种为常见种:百系拟铃虫Tintinnopsis beroidea Stein,1867,尖底拟铃虫Tintinnopsis acuminata(Daday,1887)Kofoid et Campbell,1929,妥肯丁拟玲虫Tintinnopsis to-cantinensis Kofoid&Campbell,1929,筒状拟铃虫Tintinnopsis tubulosoides Meunier,1910,管状拟玲虫Tintinnopsis tublosa Levander,1900,长形拟铃虫Tintinnopsis clongata Daday,1887,罗氏拟铃虫Tintinnopsislohmanni(J rgensen,1927)Laackmann,1906,小领细壳虫Stenosemella parvicollis(Marshall,1934)Hada,1935,钟状网纹虫Favella campanula(Schmidt,1901)J rgensen,1924和贪婪铃壳虫Codonella rapa Kofoid&Camp-bell,1929。文章对其形态分类学做了简要描述。     

A new phylogenetic tribal classification of the grape family (Vitaceae)

Vitaceae (the grape family) consist of 16 genera and ca. 950 species primarily distributed in tropical regions. The family is well‐known for the economic importance of grapes, and is also ecologically significant with many species as dominant climbers in tropical and temperate forests. Recent phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses of sequence data from all three genomes have supported five major clades within Vitaceae: (i) the clade of Ampelopsis, Nekemias, Rhoicissus, and Clematicissus; (ii) the Cissus clade; (iii) the clade of Cayratia, Causonis, Cyphostemma, Pseudocayratia, Tetrastigma, and an undescribed genus “Afrocayratia”; (iv) the clade of Parthenocissus and Yua; and (v) the grape genus Vitis and its close tropical relatives Ampelocissus, Pterisanthes and Nothocissus, with Nothocissus and Pterisanthes nested within Ampelocissus. Based on the phylogenetic and morphological (mostly inflorescence, floral and seed characters) evidence, the new classification places the 950 species and 16 genera into five tribes: (i) tribe Ampelopsideae J.Wen & Z.L.Nie, trib. nov. (47 species in four genera; Ampelopsis, Nekemias, Rhoicissus and Clematicissus); (ii) tribe Cisseae Rchb. (300 species in one genus; Cissus); (iii) tribe Cayratieae J.Wen & L.M.Lu, trib. nov. (370 species in seven genera; Cayratia, Causonis, “Afrocayratia”, Pseudocayratia, Acareosperma, Cyphostemma and Tetrastigma); (iv) tribe Parthenocisseae J.Wen & Z.D.Chen, trib. nov. (ca. 16 spp. in two genera; Parthenocissus and Yua); and (v) tribe Viteae Dumort. (ca. 190 species in two genera; Ampelocissus and Vitis).     

我国沿海线形亚属海链藻的形态学研究

壳面孔纹的形态学特征是海链藻的重要分类学依据之一。线形亚属的海链藻种类大多是从圆筛藻属修订而来, 它们之间的区别特征细微, 需电镜下观察才能准确鉴定。我国关于线形亚属海链藻的报道较少。研究利用电镜(EM)技术, 对采自我国沿海海域的自然水样, 以及分离获得的单克隆培养藻株进行了形态学观察, 针对其中的海链藻属Thalassiosira Cleve种类开展了形态分类学的专题研究。报道了6个隶属于线形亚属的海链藻种类, 分别是紧密海链藻T. densannula Hasle &; Fryxell、微小海链藻T. exigua Fryxell &; Hasle、线形海链藻T. lineata Jousé、微线形海链藻T. nanolineata (Mann) Fryxell &; Hasle、结线形海链藻T. nodulolineata (Hendey) Hasle &; Fryxell和柔弱海链藻T. tenera Proschkina-Lavrenko, 其中有4个为我国新记录种类: 紧密海链藻、线形海链藻、微线形海链藻和结线形海链藻。对每个种类的形态学特征、生活习性和生态分布进行了描述, 提供了电镜照片。对相似种类的形态学特征进行了比较研究, 分析了孔纹特征的变化类型及其分类学意义。     

Guild structure of arthropods from Bornean rain forest trees

ABSTRACT. 1. 23275 arthropods collected by insecticide fogging from ten Bornean lowland rain forest trees were sorted to approximately 3000 species and assigned to guilds using two sets of criteria.
2. The rank order for proportions of guilds of species but not individuals is similar in tropical and temperate canopy samples.
3. Misplacement in the guild assignments of a few species can cause important differences in the proportions of certain guilds. This can seriously affect the results of comparisons of different samples, and views on proportional constancy of guilds of species on different trees.
4. Guilds of arthropod species such as chewers, suckers, all phytophages, predators, ants and tourists, occur in constant proportions in samples from different tropical trees and this constancy of proportion is similar in samples from groups of'closely related'and'distantly related'trees.
5. The guild concept of community structure and problems in assigning species to guilds are considered with respect to arthropod samples. The conclusions on constancy of proportion for guilds of species are tempered by remarks on the problems of guild composition.     

青冈亚属植物的地理分布

对壳斗科青冈亚属（Quercus subg.Cyclobalanopsis)植物分布区内各地区的分布作了分析和统计。通过分析,认为中国南部、西南部和中南半岛北部,即印度支那植物地区,是青冈亚属植物地理分布的分布区中心。基于其形态、现代分布和地史资料,马来西亚地区分布有许多性状较原始的类群,是青冈亚属原始类的保存中心。青冈亚属植物中有许多地区 特有种,它们的分布区很狭窄,集中分布在加里曼丹、台湾、海南和云南东部部,其产生的原因主要是地理隔离,如海峡、高山等,以及气候和地史的复杂性。青冈亚属植物还存在许多替代现象,如青冈（Q.schottkyana）、赤皮青冈（Ｑ.gilva)和黄毛青冈（Ｑ.delavayi)`、云山青冈（Q.sessifolia)和窄叶青冈（Ｑ.augustinii)为中国－日本分布式和中国－喜马拉雅分布式之间替代。     

Distribution and reproduction of the temperate-specific morphotype of the coral Favites flexuosa in the subtropical region,Lyudao, Taiwan

Favites flexuosa is one of the abundant coral species in the temperate regions of Japan. Although the species ranges widely, from tropical to temperate regions of the Indo-Pacific, colonies of this species living in temperate areas exhibit specific morphological features (in terms of color and skeletal attributes). In addition, the temperate-specific morphotype is limited in distribution to the temperate regions of Japan and has not been recorded in subtropical Okinawa. In the present study, we recorded the temperate morphotype in subtropical Lyudao (Green Island), Taiwan, suggesting that the morphotype is more widely distributed than previously thought and may have colonized temperate Japan directly from Lyudao. We describe the first records of spawning at Lyudao, Taiwan, and also at Wakayama in temperate Japan. In laboratories located in either region, spawning was observed between 30?min and 1?h after sunset. Intraspecific crossing of morphotype samples from either region revealed that the fertilization rates were high (>90%). In addition, we crossed F. flexuosa with Diploastrea favus at Lyudao. The two species hybridized successfully although the fertilization rate was relatively low.