紫蓝红色素的研究进展

紫蓝红色素是一种有很大推广价值的天然色素。原料易栽培,见效快,色素年产量可达２．７ｔ／ｈｍ＾２,Ｅ１％１ｃｍ〉１３,关键在于水管理。色素具有醌类特性,热稳定性高,１００℃加热２ｈ,ＰＨ３－８下残存８８％以上,热降解符合一级反应动力学,光稳定性也较高,酸性溶液于自然光下９３天的残存率为６９．６％;Ｍｇ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃａ＾２＋、盐、糖、淀粉、琼脂、明胶、苯内等无不良影响。用于酒类、饮料、冷饮、大     

玫瑰花红色素及其稳定性研究

以玫瑰花色素作为新型天然食用色素的可行性进行了初步研究。对光、温度、ｐＨ值、氧化介质、还原介质、蔗糖、咸味（ＮａＣｌ）、铝制品（ＦｅＣｌ３）、铜制品（ＣｕＣｌ２）、锡制品（ＳｎＣｌ２）等对色素的稳定性影响,进行了初步探讨。结果表明,该色素对光、热耐受性好;适用ｐＨ值范围宽;耐氧化性较差,耐还原性较好;Ｆｅ＾３＋和Ｓｎ＾２＋对其吸光值有明显影响,Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、食盐和蔗糖则影响甚微。     

辣椒红色素稳定性研究

本文对辣椒红色素的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,色素样品的耐热、耐酸碱性较好;室内光线下,放置四周不褪色。但置于室外强阳光下曝晒,两小时后即褪色;常见金属离子中,Ｃｕ２＋可使色素立即褪色,而Ｆｅ３＋、Ａｌ３＋、Ｓｎ２＋对色素影响较小     

红肉李色素稳定性的研究

本试验研究了红肉羊色素的稳定性。结果表明：红肉李色素耐热性很好,ｐＨ值对该色素有明显影响,宜在酸性食品中应用,金属离子Ｎａ＾＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋对该色素的色泽有增强作用、Ｆｅ＾２＋则有破坏作用。蔗糖对该色素无不良影响,而Ｖｃ则有不良影响,防腐剂苯甲酸钠亦有一定的不良影响。红肉李色素耐还原能力较强,耐氧化能力较差。     

心肌细胞内pH调节

心肌细胞具有自身的酸碱缓冲能力,并且通过Ｎａ＾＋／Ｈ＾＋交换蛋白、Ｎａ＾＋／ＨＣＯ＾－３同向转运和乳酸的跨膜运转使Ｈ＾＋外向转运,通过Ｃｌ＾－／ＨＣＯ＾－３交换使Ｈ＾＋内向转运等途径以维持细胞内生理ＰＨ,心肌细胞内Ｃａ＾２＋浓度受ＰＨ变化的影响。     

简介沈阳市食品发酵所科研新成果

红曲色素以玉米为原料,液体深层通风培养红曲。以微生物色素(天然色素)取代化学合成色素。水溶性红色素p1.58为国内先进水平,用于腐乳的制造和红酒的酿制,亦可作为熟肉制品、糕、糖果着色剂。此法生产红曲原料易得,成本低、效益高、便于工业的生产,采用液体红曲生     

红曲霉变异株A6产色素发酵条件研究

本文对红曲霉变异株Ａ６进行了产红曲色素发酵条件试验,发现在以６％饴糖为碳源,以０３％ＮａＮＯ３为氮源的培养基,初始ｐＨ４０～４５,接种量为１５％时产色素浓度最高。同时,考察了整个发酵过程中ｐＨ,残糖量与色素生成浓度的关系,认为发酵周期拟控制在８０～８５ｈｒ为宜。本试验还发现在发酵过程中补加适量饴糖有利于产红曲色素     

仙人掌红色素的研究

仙人掌红色素是从仙人掌科(Gactaceae)仙人掌属植物(Opuntia dillenii (Ker-Gawl.) Hawl)的成熟果实中提取的一种天然食用色素。在pH2—8范围内呈鲜艳的紫红色。色素的主要化学成份是甜菜花青素(betacyanines):甜菜甙(betanin)。本色素为水溶性色素,对光、热不稳定,抗坏血酸能提高色素的热稳定性。     

枣皮红色素的提取及其稳定性研究

对枣皮红色素的提取工艺及其稳定性进行了系统研究。结果表明枣皮红色素水溶性较好,色素溶液对光、热比较稳定;在酸、碱、金属离子、氧化剂、蔗糖等添加剂中具有较好的稳定性;但在含氧酸根阴离子、还原剂、Vc、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾等添加剂中稳定性较差。     

磷化氢、二氧化碳混合气体对腐食酪螨成螨的生物学效应

本文研究结果表明：腐食酪螨Ｔｙｒｏｐｈａｇｕｓｐｕｔｒｅｓｃｅｎｔｉａｅ（Ｓｃｈｒａｎｋ）成螨在０％、８％、１６％（容积比）ＣＯ２气体中耗氧量随ＣＯ２浓度的增加而增加,当在３２％、６４％ＣＯ２气体中,该成螨的耗氧量反倒低于其在正常大气中的耗氧量。在０％、８％、１６％、３２％、６４％ＣＯ２与０．０５ｍｇ／ＬＰＨ３混合气体中该成螨对ＰＨ３的吸收量分别为１．１１±０．９２、１．７９±０．５６、５．１４±１．１３、７．６０±１．８０、８．０８±０．８５μｇ／ｈｒ’ｇ,在同一ＣＯ２浓度条件下试螨对ＰＨ３的吸收量在高浓度ＰＨ３（０．４５ｍｇ／Ｌ）中明显大于在低浓度ＰＨ３（０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ）中,但ＰＨ３吸收量的增加倍数远远低于ＰＨ３浓度的增加倍数。ＰＨ３对该螨过氧化氢酶的抑制体内酶高于离体酶,细胞色素ｃ氧化酶受ＰＨ３抑制则相反。被ＰＨ３抑制的过氧化氢酶和细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶活性恢复时间分别为二周和一周。本文还对ＰＨ３的可能杀螨机理及ＣＯ２在此过程中的作用进行了讨论     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.