透明颤菌血红蛋白基因在刺糖多孢菌中整合表达促进多杀菌素的生物合成

为解决刺糖多孢菌(Saccharopolyspora spinosa)高密度深层培养过程中的供氧不足问题, 促进多杀菌素的生物合成, 采用重叠PCR 技术将透明颤菌(Vitreoscillastercoraria)血红蛋白基因(vgb)可读框(ORF)置于红霉素抗性基因启动子(P_ermE)之下, 并将其克隆到整合型载体pSET152 上, 构建成vgb 表达载体pSET152EVHB; 通过接合转移方式将其导入刺糖多孢菌SP06081 中, 利用载体上ΦC31 整合性位点通过位点特异性重组将vgb 定点整合到SP06081 菌株染色体上, 获得一株遗传性能稳定的重组菌株S078-1101; 重组工程菌的PCR 与Southern blotting 检测显示vgb 已整合到染色体上, 一氧化碳结合差光谱分析表明在S078-1101 工程菌中表达了有活性的透明颤菌血红蛋白(VHb); 摇瓶发酵结果显示, 在正常溶氧与中度限氧状态下, vgb 的表达均可显著促进多杀菌素的生物合成(P<0.01). 这说明vgb 在刺糖多孢菌中的整合表达改善了菌体对溶氧的吸收性能, 是一种有效的定向遗传改良手段.     

糖多孢红霉菌多拷贝表达载体pZM的构建

对糖多孢红霉菌染色体上红霉素生物合成基因进行改造 ,已经合成了多种红霉素类似物。在糖多孢红霉菌中对红霉素类似物进行结构修饰 ,以pWOR1 0 9质粒为基础构建糖多孢红霉菌多拷贝表达载体pZM。pZM载体带有PermE启动子、fd终止子、多克隆位点、硫链丝菌肽和氨苄青霉素抗性基因、以及在大肠杆菌和糖多孢红霉菌中复制的ColE1ori和pJV1ori复制子 ,系可在大肠杆菌和糖多孢红霉菌中扩增的穿梭质粒。在糖多孢红霉菌中 ,pZM可以表达氨普霉素抗性基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因 ,从糖多孢红霉菌中提取的表达质粒酶切图谱与转化前一致 ,表明pZM是糖多孢红霉菌中多拷贝、稳定的表达载体。     

Vgb在大肠埃希菌中表达及生物活性的研究

目的将vgb克隆到大肠埃希菌表达载体pQE-30中,研究vgb表达产物对细胞摄氧能力的影响。方法利用PCR和基因重组技术克隆vgb与大肠埃希菌表达质粒pQE V,大肠埃希菌转化采用CaCl2法,VHb活性分析采用CO示差光谱法。结果克隆了vgb和重组质粒pQE V,vgb基因在大肠埃希菌中获得表达,在A420 nm处达到典型吸收峰。结论 vgb在大肠埃希菌中表达产物加强了对氧的摄取能力,对解决细胞高密度发酵培养中氧需矛盾、促进代谢产物的产率具有非常重要的应用价值。     

在链霉菌中表达透明颤菌血红蛋白需要异源启动子

构建了质粒pIJ4083Mpro、pIJ4083\|pro\,pWLD8和pFW3。在浅青紫链霉菌TK24中,启动子探针质粒pIJ4083上的邻苯二酚双加氧酶基因(xylE)不能被透明颤菌血红蛋白基因(vgb)的启动子带动转录,表明vgb启动子在链霉菌中无作用。TK24中,pWLD8和pFW3均能表达透明颤菌血红蛋白(VHb),pWLD8上可能是由Plac带动vgb的表达;pFW3上vgb基因去掉了非必要部分,克隆在PCR扩增得到的glnA启动子下游,两者连成嵌合基因。     

合成酮内酯类3-脱氧-3-羰基-红霉内酯B糖多孢红霉菌M的构建

大环内酯类抗生素基因工程是近年来研究的一个新领域,迄今已合成了100多种新的聚酮类化合物。以糖多孢红霉菌A226基因组DNA为模板,用重叠PCR方法扩增出去除KR6酶域DNA的约32kb DNA片段,克隆于pWHM3载体,构建了同源重组质粒pWHM2201。PEG介导原生质体转化法将pWHM2201转入糖多孢红霉菌A226,并整合于染色体红霉素合成基因位点。整合体在R3M斜面上生长两代后,制备原生质体涂R3M平皿。利用PCR鉴定筛选出8株KR6敲除的突变体糖多孢红霉菌M(1-8)。ZabsPec Fab质谱鉴定,证实糖多孢红霉菌M1合成了3-脱氧-3-羰基-红霉内酯B,一种新的酮内酯类化合物。 〖HJ0     

糖多孢红霉菌同源片段长度与染色体重组率关系的研究

为了探索同源片段长度与糖多孢红霉菌染色体同源重组率的关系,化学合成或用重叠PCR合成带有突变位点、在突变位点两侧长度为（26bp+27bp）、（500bp+576bp）和（1908bp+1749bp）的同源序列,克隆于糖多孢红霉菌同源重组载体pWHM3后,分别构建了pWHM1113、 pWHM1116和 pWHM1119质粒。以PEG介导转化糖多孢红霉菌A226原生质体,3个质粒分别获得每皿30个、69个和170个转化子,但pWHM1113质粒不能与染色体有效整合,pWHM1116质粒与染色体整合率为转化子的2%,而pWHM1119质粒与染色体整合率达到转化子的19%。 pWHM1116和 pWHM1119质粒均可进行有效的染色体二次重组,将突变位位点引入染色体。因此,同源片段长度为（500bp+576bp）或更长时,可与糖多孢红霉菌染色体进行有效的单重组和双重组。     

合成酮内酯类3—脱氧—3—羰基—红霉内酯B糖多孢红霉菌M的构建

大环内酯类抗生素基因工程是近年来研究的一个新领域,迄今已合成了100多种新的聚酮类化合物。以糖多孢红霉菌A226基因组DNA为模板,用重叠PCR方法扩增出去除KR6酶域DNA的约3.2kb DNA片段,克隆于pWHM3载体,构建了同源重组质粒pWHM2201。PEG介导原生质体转化法将pWHM2201转入糖多孢红霉菌A226,并整合于染色体红霉素合成基因位点。整合体在R3M斜面上生长两代后,制备原生质体涂R3M平皿。利用PCR鉴定筛选出8株KR6敲除的突变体糖多孢红霉菌M（1－8）。ZabsPec Fab质谱鉴定,证实糖多孢红霉菌M1合成了3－脱氧－3－羰基－红霉内酯B,一种新的酮内酯类化合物。     

刺糖多孢菌中铵载体蛋白基因amtS的克隆及功能研究

目的:铵离子是细胞内合成各种核酸、氨基酸和辅助因子等含氮化合物的重要原料之一。微生物细胞膜上的铵载体蛋白介导了铵离子的转运。通过异源表达刺糖多孢菌中铵载体蛋白基因,研究其对链霉菌产孢能力和次级代谢产物产量的影响。方法:从刺糖多孢菌S04-41菌株中克隆铵载体蛋白基因amt S,通过接合转移导入天蓝色链霉菌M145和变铅青链霉菌TK24中,分析比较amt S基因的异源表达对其产孢能力和次级代谢产物产量的影响。结果:天蓝色链霉菌重组菌株M145/p MF-amt S和变铅青链霉菌重组菌株TK24/p MF-amt S中放线紫红素的产量分别提高了2.85倍和30.02倍。结论:刺糖多孢菌中的铵载体蛋白能够提高链霉菌中次生代谢产物的产量,为进一步研究该基因的功能与对刺糖多孢菌中多杀菌素合成的作用奠定了重要基础。     

顶头孢霉pcb AB-pcbC双向启动子区域的克隆与应用

用PCR方法从丝状真菌顶头孢霉中克隆出全长1．3kb的pcb AB-pcbC双向启动子DNA片段,通过转化子对博莱霉素的抗性证明了该启动子在顶头孢霉中的双向启动功能。另外,利用所克隆的pcb AB-pcbC双向启动子构建了一个用于顶头孢霉转化的质粒pYG13,并成功地将该质粒转化入顶头孢霉。pYG13含有博莱霉素抗性基因和透明颤菌血红蛋白基因(vgb),Southern杂交和CO结合实验分析显示vgb整合到顶头孢霉的基因组DNA中并表达了有活性的透明颤菌血红蛋白。     

阿维链霉菌来源的磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶基因的克隆及其在毕氏酵母中的异源表达

本文旨在构建阿维链霉菌(Streptomyces avermitilis)来源的磷脂酰丝氨酸合成酶基因(pss)的重组质粒,研究其在毕氏酵母中的异源分泌型表达。利用PCR技术克隆阿维链霉菌来源的pss基因,再通过电转化方法将重组质粒pOG-01转入毕氏酵母KM71中,构建重组工程菌KP1。实验结果表明,阿维链霉菌来源的磷酯酰丝氨酸合成酶基因在毕氏酵母KM71中成功表达,2 mL菌体上清催化50 mmol/L卵磷脂,转酯反应的转化率为58%,酶活为4.83 U/mL。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细