人参多肽基因的酶法体外随机——定位诱变

本文报道了酶法体外随机——定位诱变人参多肽基因的原理和方法。该法把传统的随机诱变和现代的定位诱变融合起来,可灵活控制基因突变的随机性和定位性。我们用双脱氧末端终止法测定了三个突变株的结果证实了该法的合理性和可行性,     

四节金小蜂科在我国的首次发现并记述一新种(膜翅目:小蜂总科)

四节金小蜂科Tetracampidae是小蜂总科中的1个小科。1968年统计,全世界只有2亚科6属18种(Boucek and Askew,1968)。1971年,苏联的Sugonjaev根据在蒙古和苏联的哈萨克加盟共和国采到的标本描述了3新属1新亚科。Boucek于1988年又记述了澳大利亚的1个新属。这样,四节金小蜂科现在共包括3亚科10属31种(不含化石种)。我国迄今还未见有本科昆虫分布的报道。     

中国伪瘤姬蜂属二新种记述(膜翅目:姬蜂科)

伪瘤姬蜂属Pseudopimpla Habermehl,1917隶于瘤姬蜂亚科Pimplinae(=长尾姬蜂亚科Ephialtinae)瘤姬蜂族Pimplini,主要特征是产卵管强度侧扁,直或稍向下弯;背瓣端部背缘有锯齿状齿,腹瓣端部扩大,包围背瓣;腹瓣末端有许多近于垂直的小波纹状细脊;产卵管鞘长约为前翅长的0.24～0.30倍。迄今为止,本属尚无寄主记录。但我们最近在河北槲梢螟幼虫和辽宁槲茎蜂幼虫(学名均不知)中育出了一些伪瘤姬蜂。伪瘤姬蜂属是个小属,全世界已知仅3种,1种分布于阿尔及利亚,另2种分布于南欧。本文报道我国2新种:光腰伪瘤姬蜂P.glabri propodeum sp.nov.和全脊伪瘤姬蜂P.carinata sp.nov.。模式标本除注明者外均存于浙江农业大学生物防治研究室。     

烟草内生菌根真菌的分离鉴定

本文报道了从烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)的根际土壤中分离出内生菌根真菌的孢子,用单孢接种烟苗并在温室内水培条件下培养。选出能在烟草上形成菌根的菌株,经过再次单孢接种确认后,进行种的鉴定。从分离的8个菌株中已鉴定出球囊霉属(Glomus)的3个新记录种:漏斗孢球囊霉[G.mosseae(Nic.& Gerd.)GeM.& Trappe]、根内孢球囊霉(G.intraradics Schenck & Smith)和联结球囊霉(G.constrictum Trappe)。     

猪胰蛋白酶自溶活性产物—绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂复合物的初步晶体学研究

本文报道了猪胰蛋白酶自溶活性产物——绿豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂复合物的晶体生长及晶体学参数的测定。晶体衍射分辨率为2.8A,四方晶系,空间群I422,晶胞参数为a=b=121.6A,c=113.6A,V=1.680×10~6A~3,每个结晶学不对称单位中含一个复合物分子。     

广西植物新资料

本文报道了广西植物分布新记录属３个,新记录种１１个。     

团藻目新资料

本文报道湖北省武汉市团藻目7个属的5个新种,2个新变种,2个中国新记录。     

湖南的新记录植物（一）

本文报道了湖南植物分布新记录属４个,新记录种２４个,新记录变种１个。     

分离自西藏的两个散囊菌新种

本文报道两个新种：粪生散囊菌和旱生散囊菌,它们不同于已报道的该属诸种。     

中国蓝藻门植物资料

本文报道作者1987年采自广东省湛江及阳江的2个新种和2个新记录。     

含油脂废水中一株栗褐芽胞杆菌的筛选和鉴定

目的从含油脂废水中筛选鉴定出油脂降解菌。方法从含油脂废水中取样,通过分离、培养,筛选出以油脂为唯一碳源和能源并能分解油脂的菌株,对其基因组16S DNA测序,在核酸数据库中进行BLAST比对,并进行生化反应,进行菌种的鉴定。结果从含油脂废水中筛选出8株微生物,最终筛选出1株油脂降解菌,鉴定为栗褐芽胞杆菌。结论从含油脂废水中筛选出1株栗褐芽胞杆菌,为下一步实验证实其分解油脂的作用和机制奠定了基础。     

Trinitrotoluene removal in a soil slurry and soil box systems by an oil-degrading mixed bacterial culture

Bioremediation of trinitrotoluene (TNT)-contaminated soil has proven difficult due to the low bioavailability of the contaminant and its resistance to biocatalytic attack, causing slow rates of biodegradation. We have previously described a mixed bacterial culture acclimated and maintained on crude oil-containing medium that is capable of high rates of TNT biotransformation activity with low production of metabolites. We investigated the ability of this culture to bioremediate TNT-spiked soil and artificially weathered soil slurry systems, as well as a soil box system. The culture was able to remove up to 302 ppm (mg/l) of TNT within 24 h in a spiked-soil slurry system, which is among the highest rates of TNT removal reported to date. The toxicity of artificially weathered TNT-spiked soil to Vibrio fischeri decreased over a period of 39 h from a 15-min EC₅₀ of 15.7 to 32.5 ppm. Preliminary results of a soil box system, in which no agitation was used, showed similar TNT removal to the soil slurry system, with 100 ppm TNT being removed within 24 h.     

Water-soluble contrast media with increased viscosity for the diagnosis of diseases of the paranasal sinuses, bronchi and esophagus]

Water-soluble contrast agents with one of the polymers, cellulose derivatives or polyvinyl alcohol, were used in contrast examinations of paranasal sinuses, bronchi, and esophagus. Experiments have demonstrated the advantages of contrast agents basing on polymers as against the traditional oil-containing agents. Method for double-contrast examination of maxillary and frontal sinuses has been developed. Lowered concentrations of water-soluble contrast agents (i. e. diluted with distilled water) are recommended to be used, this permitting to save the reagents. A table of recommended dilutions of contrast media is presented. A total of 245 patients were examined, making use of contrast media of high viscosity.     

An examination of the phenol-croton oil peel: Part III. The plastic surgeons' role

In Part II, the author focused on the lay peelers' history and success using croton oil-containing phenol peeling recipes. In Part III, the author reviews what was known or should have been known about croton oil and phenol as physicians became keenly interested in face peeling in the mid-1950s. The lay peelers recognized that croton oil was a critical ingredient of the so-called phenol peel while physicians focused on phenol without recognizing the intense cytotoxic effect of croton resin. Physicians have persisted in this systematic error for 40 years. Both dermatology and plastic surgery have shown a remarkable credulity about phenol's action and lack of curiosity about croton oil's action. A hitherto unreferenced and unknown croton oil-containing formula of Adolph Brown, patented in 1959, has been unearthed, preceding Litton's and Baker's formulas in time. The recollections of Litton, Baker, Truppman, and Georgiade shed some light on the interaction between them and the lay peelers and how the formulas were transferred. Other plastic surgeons probably acquired the same knowledge, used it in their practices, but chose not to draw attention to it. None of the physicians credited the lay peelers. Brown, Litton, and Baker each could have published a complete formula, but only Baker did. However, his formula was vastly stronger than the lay formulas but, nevertheless, came to dominate medical peeling for the next 35 years because of its simplicity of preparation. A review of the peel literature reveals many oft-repeated but unsupported dogmas regarding the mode of action of phenol, which have obscured our understanding of the phenol-croton oil peel. Animal studies exist that refute these dogmas, e.g., (1) lesser concentrations of phenol wound more deeply; and (2) phenol has an all-or-nothing action. As well, studies from the early 1980s showed that the presence of croton oil caused much deeper burns than phenol alone. Suggested areas of research that could solve the conundrum of the phenol-croton oil peel are presented.     

Roselle—a potentially important plant fiber

Not yet exploited in the Western Hemisphere, this jute-like African fiber possesses commercial possibilities and is obtained from a plant that furnishes also edible fleshy calyces and oil-containing seeds.     

Biosurfactants and oil bioremediation

Oil pollution is an environmental problem of increasing importance. Hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms, adapted to grow and thrive in oil-containing environments, have an important role in the biological treatment of this pollution. One of the limiting factors in this process is the bioavailability of many fractions of the oil. The hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms produce biosurfactants of diverse chemical nature and molecular size. These surface-active materials increase the surface area of hydrophobic water-insoluble substrates and increase their bioavailability, thereby enhancing the growth of bacteria and the rate of bioremediation.     

Antimicrobial efficacy of Achillea ligustica All. (Asteraceae) essential oils against reference and isolated oral microorganisms

The aim of this study was to verify the effectiveness of Achillea ligustica essential oils against several oral microorganisms in comparison with a commercial essential oil-containing mouthrinse (Listerine(?)) and clove oil (containing 89% eugenol). The inhibition efficacy of A. ligustica essential oils alone and in combination with Listerine(?) was evaluated by the micro-dilution method. The most susceptible microorganisms were Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Candida albicans. The efficacy was similar to that of the clove oil. The antiseptic mouthwash Listerine(?) did not exert a strong inhibition on microbial strains tested, whereas its effectiveness increased significantly when essential oil was added. The study provides additional evidence for the in vitro inhibitory activity of A. ligustica essential oils on several pathogens, suggesting their usefulness in mouthrinse formulations as an adjunct to mechanical oral hygiene regimens. Essential oil-containing mouthrinses can be beneficial, safe components of daily oral health routines, representing an efficient and without side effect alternative to prevent and control oral infections.     

Olive oil increases the hepatic triacylglycerol content in mice by a distinct influence on the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids

Diet supplementation with olive oil exerts beneficial effects on an organism, even if an increase in the level of hepatic lipids has been concomitantly observed. This study was therefore designed to investigate whether the stimulation of lipogenesis was responsible for the olive oil-induced hepatic fat accumulation. In mice fed for 8 weeks with an olive oil-enriched diet, an increase of about 2.6 fold in the level of liver triglycerides was found in comparison to animals fed with a corn oil-containing diet. Despite that, no increase in the activities of cytosolic lipogenic enzymes or of the mitochondrial tricarboxylate carrier was found; on the contrary, a decrease in the activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I was observed. This impairment of fatty acid oxidation, which was not apparent in corn oil-fed animals, may have had a role in the increase of hepatic lipid content found in the olive oil-fed mice.     

Protection of entomopathogenic conidia against chemical fungicides afforded by an oil-based formulation

We evaluated the protection afforded by an oil formulation against non-compatible fungicides in mixtures with conidia of the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae (Ma) and Beauveria bassiana (Bb). Under laboratory conditions, viability of unformulated (aqueous suspensions) Ma conidia was harmed by recommended label doses of carbendazim (not tested for Bb), and both Ma and Bb conidia were affected by triadimefon. On the other hand, effect of fungicides was usually nil or minimal on conidia formulated as oil-containing suspensions (emulsifiable oil + water). Germination rates for unformulated and oil-formulated Ma conidia subjected to carbendazim were reduced by 77.3 and 12.1%, respectively, compared to their fungicide-free counterparts. Germination rates at 16 h post-inoculation for unformulated and oil-formulated Bb conidia subjected to triadimefon were reduced by 20.5 and 5.5%, respectively, compared to their fungicide-free counterparts. No differences were observed at 20 h post inoculation, indicating a fungistatic action of this compound on Bb conidia. Virulence of unformulated conidia amended with fungicides against third instar Diatraea saccharalis larvae was negatively affected compared to their formulated counterparts. These results suggest that oil-formulated conidia can be effectively protected from damage caused by chemicals, which could have applications in tank mixing or alternate applications with shared spraying equipment, being especially relevant for IPM programs in which mycopesticides and chemicals are simultaneously sprayed.     

NOTE ON THE VARIATION WITH TEMPERATURE OF THE RELATIVE RATES OF HYDROLYSIS OF GLUCOSIDES

Attention is drawn to the necessity of taking the values of the critical increments into account when the velocity constants for reactions of any pair of glucosides are compared. The ratio of the velocity coefficients for the hydrolysis of any two glucosides, determined at the same temperature, varies with temperature except in the special case when both hydrolyses have the same critical increment. Different values given by various investigators for the same ratio are shown to be due to the fact that comparative experiments have been carried out at different temperatures with two glucosides possessing different critical increments of hydrolysis. In the light of these considerations it becomes necessary to revise certain deductions which have been drawn from the comparison of rates of hydrolysis of glucosides by acids (at fairly high temperatures) with the rates of hydrolysis of glucosides by enzymes (at relatively low temperatures).