地衣芽胞杆菌BL63516对抗生素诱导的 菌群紊乱小鼠肠黏膜屏障功能的影响

目的探索地衣芽胞杆菌BL63516对肠道菌群和肠黏膜屏障功能调节的效果和可能机制,为临床疾病的治疗提供新思路。方法采用健康清洁级雄性BALB/C小鼠30只构建动物模型,将小鼠分为3组(每组10只),分别为对照组(CON组)、头孢曲松钠灌胃组(CS组)和地衣芽胞杆菌BL63516治疗组(BL组),除CON组外其余两组小鼠给予300 mg/mL头孢曲松钠0.2 mL,2次/d灌服8 d,短期大量服用抗生素以建立肠道菌群紊乱模型。第9天起BL组小鼠给予地衣芽胞杆菌干预连续8 d。第17天摘眼球处死小鼠,取血、结肠、粪便样本。ELISA方法检测小鼠血清及肝脏组织中的细胞因子及LPS水平。PCR-变性梯度凝胶电泳方法及16S rRNA高通量测序测定小鼠肠道菌群结构。结果地衣芽胞杆菌干预后小鼠血清LPS水平较模型组显著降低,屏障功能改善。且地衣芽胞杆菌治疗后BL组小鼠肠道菌群丰富度和多样性显著升高,菌群结构有所改变。结论实验结果提示地衣芽胞杆菌BL63516可以有效改善抗生素所致的肠道菌群失调,对肠屏障功能有一定调节作用。     

凝结芽孢杆菌-乳果糖合生元对DSS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道健康的影响

[目的]旨在探究凝结芽孢杆菌-乳果糖合生元对葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sodium sulfate,DSS)诱导的溃疡性结肠炎小鼠临床体征、肠道形态和肠道菌群结构的影响.[方法]选取24只初始体重为(22.96±1.87)g的7周龄雄性C57/BL6小鼠,随机分为4组,每组6只,即CON组、DSS组(连续5 d饮用...     

三种乳杆菌对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的缓解作用及机制CSCD

目的探讨3株乳杆菌(植物乳植杆菌、罗伊氏粘液乳杆菌和副干酪乳酪杆菌)对小鼠溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)的缓解作用及机制。方法采用葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)法构建C57BL/6J小鼠急性UC模型,并在造模前后均给予乳杆菌干预治疗;测量各组小鼠体质量、结肠长度;采用蛋白免疫印迹技术检测小鼠结肠上皮紧密连接蛋白表达水平;HE染色观察分析小鼠结肠组织病理变化;16S rDNA高通量测序分析小鼠肠道菌群组成情况;转录组测序分析小鼠结肠组织基因表达差异。结果与DSS模型组相比,植物乳植杆菌干预组(t=2.285,P=0.045)和副干酪乳酪杆菌干预组(t=2.360,P=0.040)小鼠体质量增加显著;植物乳植杆菌干预组(t=2.335,P=0.042)结肠长度显著增加;植物乳植杆菌干预组(ZO-1:t=4.975,P=0.003;Occludin:t=2.629,P=0.034)和罗伊氏粘液乳杆菌干预组(ZO-1:t=3.523,P=0.013;Occludin:t=2.525,P=0.040)紧密连接蛋白表达水平显著上调。乳杆菌干预组结肠黏膜组织病理损伤得以缓解,肠道菌群丰度及多样性降低得以改善。植物乳植杆菌干预组vs DSS模型组共有69个差异表达基因,KEGG pathway分析提示差异基因富集于免疫调节、内分泌与消化系统相关疾病等通路上。结论3株乳杆菌对UC小鼠展现出较好的缓解作用,其作用机制与修复肠道屏障、调节肠道微生物群结构和降低肠道炎症水平相关。     

土家药三颗针对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道菌群的影响CSCD

本研究旨在探讨土家药三颗针对葡聚糖硫酸钠(dextran sodium sulfate,DSS)诱导的溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)小鼠肠道菌群的影响,为其开发利用提供科学依据。60只c57BL/6J小鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、美沙拉嗪组以及三颗针低、中、高剂量组,自由饮用7 d 2.5%的葡聚糖硫酸钠溶液构建小鼠UC模型,同时给予药物干预,连续10 d,记录小鼠体重变化、疾病活动指数(disease activity index,DAI)。采用苏木精-伊红染色观察小鼠结肠病理变化,基于16S rRNA基因测序技术分析三颗针对UC小鼠肠道菌群的组成和多样性的影响。结果显示,与模型组相比,三颗针组DAI评分显著降低(P<0.05),结肠病理损伤减轻,肠黏膜结构较完整,炎性细胞浸润减少。三颗针改善了溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道菌群结构和多样性,且趋近于正常组。本实验揭示了调节肠道菌群多样性及菌群结构可能是三颗针干预UC的重要途径之一,通过肠道菌群的角度为三颗针的临床用药提供理论依据。     

吲哚丙酸对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道巨噬细胞及肠道菌群的调节作用CSCD

目的 研究吲哚丙酸(IPA)对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)小鼠肠道巨噬细胞和肠道菌群的调节作用。方法 将SPF级6~8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠按随机数表法分为对照组、葡聚糖硫酸钠组(DSS模型组,饮用3%DSS7 d)及IPA组(在DSS给药前2 d行IPA灌胃),每组12只。每日观察小鼠体质量变化;DSS给药第7天处死小鼠,测量结肠长度及评定病理学评分,采用流式细胞术检测肠道巨噬细胞M1/M2比例,并用16S r RNA基因测序技术检测肠道菌群的变化。结果 与对照组比较,DSS模型组小鼠体质量显著下降,结肠组织病理学评分、肠道巨噬细胞M1/M2比值显著升高,结肠长度显著缩短(均P<0.05);与DSS模型组比较,IPA组小鼠体质量下降程度降低,结肠长度增加,结肠组织病理学评分、肠道巨噬细胞M1/M2比值均降低(均P<0.05);增加了肠道菌群丰度及多样性,显著增加了普雷沃菌属丰度,减少了拟杆菌属和肠球菌属的丰度。结论 IPA可以通过调节肠道巨噬细胞M1/M2的比例和增加肠道菌群多样性缓解UC小鼠的症状。     

高摄入红肉通过改变肠道菌群加重小鼠溃疡性结肠炎

目的 观察高摄入红肉对小鼠肠道菌群及溃疡性结肠炎（ulcerative colitis,UC）的影响,并探讨可能的发生机制。方法 40只Balb/c小鼠随机分为4组：对照组、高红肉组、DSS组和高红肉+DSS组,每组10只小鼠,对照组、DSS组小鼠给予普通饲料,高红肉组、高红肉+DSS组小鼠给予高红肉饲料,均饲养8周;此8周的最后9天开始对DSS组、高红肉+DSS组小鼠给予3%DSS诱导UC。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测小鼠肠道菌群,采用体质量变化、疾病活动指数及HE染色指标评价小鼠UC严重程度,运用Western Blot方法检测小鼠肠道巨噬细胞M1型极化的特征细胞因子。结果 与对照组相比,高红肉组小鼠肠道厚壁菌门、粪杆菌属及普拉梭菌的丰度显著降低,拟杆菌门、拟杆菌属的丰度显著升高。与DSS组相比,高红肉+DSS组小鼠体质量显著下降,疾病活动指数显著升高,结肠组织病理评分显著升高;与DSS组相比,高红肉+DSS组小鼠TNF-α、IL-1β及IL-6细胞因子表达显著升高。结论 高摄入红肉导致肠道菌群改变加重小鼠UC。     

应用DNA指纹图谱技术鉴定整肠生菌株BL63516的研究

目的建立应用DNA指纹图谱技术鉴定微生态制剂——整肠生菌株BL63516的方法,提高菌种鉴别水平。方法应用RAPD（随机扩增多态性）方法,采用50条随机引物对7株地衣芽胞杆菌进行基因组DNA指纹图谱分析,选择多态性好、重复性好、稳定性强的随机引物,对BL63516与其他地衣芽胞杆菌进行区分。结果发现选用引物$87或$88分别对7株地衣芽胞杆菌进行基因组DNA指纹图谱分析,BL63516菌株扩增的DNA片段的大小、数量均与其他地衣芽胞杆菌有明显差异。结论此方法具有可重复性,方便、快速和准确的优势,可用于微生态制剂整肠生菌株的鉴别。     

不同途径下MIMP对 炎症性肠病小鼠肠道菌群结构的影响

目的通过葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导小鼠炎症性肠病(IBD)模型并观察不同途经下乳杆菌微小膜蛋白(MIMP)对炎症性肠病小鼠的紧密连接蛋白及菌群结构的影响。方法 C57BL/6小鼠24只根据DSS和MIMP不同干预组合将其分为4组:MIMP腹腔注射组(n=6)、MIMP灌胃组(n=6)、诱导肠炎组(n=6)和健康对照组(n=6),利用Western blot对各组小鼠肠道中紧密连接蛋白(Occludin、JAM-1和ZO-1)的表达进行检测,采用16SrRNA测序技术检测V4区鉴定细菌,并进行菌群差异分析。结果 MIMP腹腔注射及灌胃均可显著提高IBD小鼠肠道中紧密连接蛋白的表达水平,灌胃组效果更为显著;MIMP干预后小鼠肠道中拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)丰度增高、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)及变形菌门(Proteobacteria)丰度降低,LEfSe分析、PCoA分析和PCA分析提示4组小鼠肠道菌群结构差异显著。结论不同途径下MIMP均可显著提高IBD小鼠肠道中紧密连接蛋白的表达水平,改善肠黏膜屏障功能,纠正小鼠肠道菌群结构紊乱。     

益生菌干预对高脂高糖饮食诱导肥胖小鼠肠道菌群及脂代谢影响的研究

目的探讨益生菌干预对高脂高糖饮食诱导肥胖小鼠肠道菌群及脂代谢的影响。方法 C57BL/6J雌性小鼠30只随机分为正常对照组、肥胖组和益生菌干预组,每组10只,分别给予标准饲料、高脂高糖饲料以及高脂高糖饲料同时给予益生菌干预,连续喂养6周,测量并分析三组小鼠的体重。留取小鼠粪便样本,应用PCR-DGGE法分析菌群,应用酶反应比色法分析三组小鼠血脂情况。结果与正常对照组小鼠相比,肥胖小鼠体重明显增加,益生菌干预组小鼠体重略有增加;肥胖组小鼠肠道菌群紊乱,与正常对照组分别聚为两大类,益生菌干预组小鼠肠道菌群与正常对照组聚为一大类。肥胖小鼠血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白含量升高,益生菌干预组小鼠较肥胖组血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白含量降低,但与正常对照组仍有差异。结论高脂高糖饮食诱导肥胖小鼠存在肠道菌群结构失调及脂代谢异常,益生菌干预可以改善肥胖小鼠菌群失调以及脂代谢紊乱。     

特定双歧杆菌菌株对炎症性肠病小鼠的影响

为了观察特定双歧杆菌菌株对葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的Balb/c小鼠结肠炎的影响,探讨该双歧杆菌菌株对炎症性肠病(IBD)的防治作用及其可能机制。将小鼠分为3组:正常对照组、模型组(DSS组)、实验组(DSS+Bf组)。用已挑选好的双歧杆菌菌株预先处理小鼠4周后,用4%DSS溶液诱导急性结肠炎。实验结束后,检测每组小鼠结肠的长度及结肠炎炎症程度,利用半定量RT-PCR法检测小鼠肠道派伊尔结细胞中IL-10的表达,利用免疫组化实验检测肠道黏膜中IL-10分泌阳性细胞。结果实验组小鼠结肠的平均长度为7.80 cm±0.21 cm,虽较正常对照组(9.10 cm±0.82 cm)缩短,但较模型组(6.80 cm±0.31 cm)其缩短程度减少;结肠炎炎症程度肉眼评分结果:模型组和实验组分别为8.60±0.24分和6.60±0.68分,两组之间均有显著性差异(P<0.05),显微镜下评分结果为实验组(6.80±0.73分)较模型组(8.80±0.37分)明显减少(P<0.05);实验组小鼠肠道派伊尔结细胞IL-10的表达和肠道黏膜IL-10分泌阳性细胞数明显多于模型组。该实验所用的双歧杆菌菌株减轻了DSS诱导的小鼠肠道炎症反应,并且增强了肠道免疫细胞的IL-10的表达及分泌。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.