截线法对西藏盘羊种群数量的估计

１９８７～１９９０年间,采用截线抽样法对西藏盘羊的种群数量及分布进行了全面调查。结果在１５５０ｋｍ样线上遇见９９头盘羊。由此资料,以傅立叶级数表达其探测函数,估计出了盘羊在西藏分布区内的平均分布密度为０．０８２０±０．００９７头／ｋｍ２,即每１２ｋｍ２约有１头,而波动在０．０１２１～０．３６７１头／ｋｍ２之间。并依此确定的１０．５万ｋｍ２的栖息面积计算、西藏盘羊的种群数量为８６３０±１０２１头。目前,盘羊群平均数下降为５～６头／群,亟待保护。     

羌塘、可可西里无人区野牦牛种群数量和分布现状

野牦牛(Bos grunniens)是青藏高原特有的大型有蹄类动物, 主要分布在西藏羌塘, 青海可可西里、三江源, 新疆阿尔金山等地的高海拔生境。我们于2012-2014年在西藏羌塘和青海可可西里对野牦牛进行了较为全面的实地调查, 并且估算西藏羌塘地区野牦牛种群在11,222-21,072头之间, 可可西里野牦牛种群数量在659-1,793头之间。据本次野外调查和历史文献资料显示, 自20世纪90年代起, 中国野牦牛种群数量逐年增长, 但是其分布区面积却逐步缩减, 目前仅分布在几个相对孤立且远离人类居住地的高寒区域。随着全球气候变化与青藏高原人类活动的加强,野牦牛的生存现状依然严峻, 我们仍需加强对青藏高原特有物种的保护。     

东海水域瓶鼻海豚种群数量和分布的初步研究

运用截线抽样法调查了北纬２５°～３０°,东经１２５°以西的东海水域中瓶鼻海豚在夏季７～９月间的种群密度和数量,得出的最小估计值分别为０．１４００头／ｋｍ２和９９４０头。瓶鼻海豚在该水域的分布特点为：随纬度增加（由南向北）密度逐渐减少,而在经度方向上则没有明显的密度变化规律。     

保护藏羚

藏羚（Ｐａｎｔｈｏｌｏｐｓｈｏｄｇｓｏｎｉ）属牛科、藏羚属,为青藏高原特有物种,主要分布在我国青海、西藏和新疆三省区,印度和尼泊尔有少量分布。估计现存种群数量约在７．５～１０万只。据中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队于１９８７～１９８８年在喀喇昆仑－昆仑山地区的调查,这一地区的藏羚密度范围在０．６～７．２只／ｋｍ２。１９９０年中国可可西里地区综合科学考察队曾在９个样地进行调查,发现其平均密度为２．０８只／ｋｍ２。藏羚善奔跑,具有明显的性二型性。雄性肩高８０ｃｍ左右,体长１３０～１４０ｃｍ,体重在３…     

西藏羌塘北部和青海可可西里地区冬季野生动物调查

2006年11月1～23日,我们在西藏羌塘自然保护区北部和青海可可西里保护区进行了一次长达1692km的野生动物调查,此次调查所覆盖的区域均为无人区,海拔在4800～5200m之间。本次调查显示,冬季该荒漠／高山草原区域内,藏羚羊（Pantholops hodgsoni）是分布最多的有蹄类物种。在全长1692km,宽2km的样线上,共记录到5999只藏羚羊。在每个分区内的密度各不相同,从0．03／km^2到9．21／km^2,平均为1．77只／km^2。在调查期间,明显的雄性个体群平均为6．3只／群,雌性个体群平均为6．4只／群,同时我们也记录到了100只以上的雌雄集合群。由此可见,藏羚羊正进入冬季的交配期,在一些区域出现了集中分布的现象。我们依然不清楚这些开始集中的雌性藏羚羊分别来自哪几个迁徙种群,和各个产仔地的明确关系,以及雄性藏羚羊又来自哪些区域。相比较而言,在同一纬度区域内其它有蹄类物种的密度相对较低,只有当向东进入可可西里之后才有所上升。其中,在可可西里保护区记录到的野牦牛（Bos grunniens）占总数的73％（n=977）,藏野驴（Equus kiang）占48％（n=527）以及藏原羚（Gazella picticaudata）占95％（n=146）。西藏的羌塘北部地区对于藏羚羊是重要的冬季分布区,而可可西里地区不仅是几个藏羚羊种群重要的产仔地,同时也是一个重要的野牦牛种群的避难所。另外,本文还讨论了青藏公路东部有人区内的野生动物和草场的情况。在该区域内,已出现多个保护野生动物和自然环境的保护组织。     

长岛海域东亚江豚种群密度和分布的初步研究

长岛海域是黄渤海东亚江豚(Neophocaena asiaeorientalis sunameri)的热点分布区域之一。为了掌握长岛海域东亚江豚的种群密度与分布特征，2019年10月至2021年10月采用截线抽样法进行了5次东亚江豚目视考察。5次考察总航程2 421 km，共发现东亚江豚614次，1 156头次。相同月份调查种群遇见率无显著性差异(P> 0.05)，不同月份种群遇见率差异极显著(P <0.01)，提示东亚江豚种群在该水域可能存在季节性迁移。按照考察月份对数据进行合并处理，长岛海域5月和10月东亚江豚平均种群密度为(0.56±0.11)头/km²(0.46～0.68头/km²)和(3.63±0.25)头/km²(3.38～3.88头/km²)，平均种群数量为(20 209±202)头和(2 971±681)头，这在目前已知所有东亚江豚分布区中是最高的。尽管不同季节种群数量差异显著，但东亚江豚种群在长岛海域的空间分布特征相似，砣矶岛-大钦岛西北侧和东南侧均为高密度分布区，因此...     

新疆鹅喉羚的种群结构

１９９２年８～９月和１９９３年９月,作者在新疆北部鹅喉羚北疆亚种（ＧａｚｅｌｌａｓｕｂｇｕｔｔｒｏｓａＳａｉｒｅｎｓｉｓ）分布区（天山以北）设置１９条样带,总长８１８ｋｍ,观测点至动物的平均垂直距离２４８．３ｍ,面积４０５．８ｋｍ２的调查统计,见鹅喉羚６２群次,共２２１只。样带中动物的平均密度为０．７１±０．１７只／ｋｍ２。对能判别性别和成幼的１６条样带中的３７群次１１３只统计,雌：雄＝１：１．０５,成：幼＝２．４：１。对８条样带中的１６群次５０只统计,母：仔＝１：１．４。１９９３年２月和１０月,我们还在新疆南部鹅喉羚南疆亚种（Ｇ．ｓ．ｙａｒｋａｎｄｅｎｓｉｓ）分布区（天山以南）,设置８条样带,长２３０ｋｍ,平均垂直距离２９９ｍ,面积１１６ｋｍ２的调查统计,见鹅喉羚１７群次５１只,平均密度０．５７±０．２６只／ｋｍ２。     

截线抽样法用于鄱阳湖江豚种群数量研究初报

运用截线抽样法调查了在春季 4月间鄱阳湖区长江江豚（Neophocaena phocaenoides asiaeorientalis）的种群密度和数量,得出该地区长江江豚种群密度估计值为 0．1940头／km²,估计数量为 388头。探讨了截线抽样法用于浅水型淡水湖泊调查的可行性和有效性以及要注意的问题。     

春季岩羊种群生态学特征的初步研究

本文通过对贺兰山春季岩羊的研究得出,贺兰山的岩羊为晨昏性活动动物,两个活动高峰分别在５００～９００和１７００～２０００。在春季,岩羊群主要以小群为主,且主要是混合群,平均群大小为５．６头;整个贺兰山的岩羊密度为３．６头／ｋｍ２;岩羊的雌雄性比为１１．３６,并指出目前偷猎仍然影响着种群的性比;雄性岩羊的自然死亡年龄在６．５～１０．５岁,其中以９．５岁是其自然死亡的高峰时期。     

四川马边大风顶自然保护区林麝种群密度初步分析

本文利用分层抽样粪堆计数法对马边大风顶自然保护４种不同生境中林麝种群密度进行了调查,结果表明,常绿阔叶林内林麝密度最高,为２．２２６只／ｋｍ＾２,常绿落阔混交林为１．１１只／ｋｍ＾２,针阔混交林为０．２６只／ｋｍ＾２,针叶林中无林麝分布。保护区内林麝密度较低与人为干扰破坏严重有关。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.