中国蔷薇科、荨麻科和壳斗科植物新组合

正笔者在编研《中国生物物种名录》第一卷第五分册(蔷薇科至叶下珠科)的过程中,根据最近的研究结果,对《中国植物志》及Flora of China中一些属的概念做了调整,有22个名称需要进行重新组合,现报道如下。1蔷薇科(Rosaceae)广义的李属(Prunus s.l.)包括了桃属(Amygdalus)、杏属(Armeniaca)、樱属(Cerasus)、桂樱属(Lauro-cerasus)、稠李属(Padus)及狭义的李属     

中国橐吾属(菊科-千里光族)的分类学研究(二)：植夫橐吾的名实订正

通过文献和标本考证,发现《中国植物志》第77卷第2分册和《Flora of China》第20~21卷中均误将黑穗橐吾(Ligularia melanothyrsa Hand.-Mazz.)鉴定为植夫橐吾(L. fangiana Hand.-Mazz.),而真正的植夫橐吾应处理为川鄂橐吾[L. wilsoniana (Hemsl.) Greenm.]的异名。     

关于《中国植物志》中鹿药(百合科)花特征的纠正

根据野外调查,同时结合文献分析,指出《中国植物志》和Flora of China中关于百合科(Liliaceae)鹿药花部特征描述存在的问题,并提出修改建议。此外,对其学名进行了简要讨论。     

长江中游地区野生百合资源调查及利用前景

通过对长江中游地区野生百合资源进行调查,发现长江中游地区有野生百合资源14个种和3个变种即野百合(Lilium brownii F. E. Brown ex Miellez var. brownii)、百合(L. brownii F. E. Brown ex Miellez var. viridulum Baker)、宜昌百合(L. leucanthum (Baker) Baker)、渥丹(L. concolor Salisb. var. concolor)、有斑百合(L. concolor Sali sb. var. pulchellum (Fisch.)Regel)、滇百合(L. baberianum Coll.et Hemsl)、大理百合(L.taliense Franch.)、药百合(L.speciosum Thunb. var. gloriosoides Baker)、湖北百合(L.henryi Baker)、南川百合(L. rosthornii Diels)、宝兴百合(L. duchartrei Franch.)、山丹(L. pumilum DC.)、川百合(L. davidii Duchartre)、条叶百合(L. callosum Sieb. et Zucc.)、乳头百合(L. papilliferum Franch.)、绿花百合(L. fargesii Franch.)和卷丹(L. tigrinum Ker Gawler)。对野生百合在长江中游地区分布现状、观赏特性及开发利用价值进行了分析,为百合新品种培育奠定基础。同时对长江中游地区野生百合资源的保护和合理开发利用提出建议。     

黄算珠树(叶下珠科)的名实订正

黄算珠树(Glochidion fortunei Hance)在《中国植物志》和《Flora of China》中被处理为算盘子[G.puber(L.)Hutch.]的异名,但在《广东植物志》中则作为独立物种所收录。基于形态特征比较和文献研究,黄算珠树与台闽算盘子(G.rubrum Blume)实为同种,故将黄算珠树处理为台闽算盘子的异名。另外,将算盘子的学名由Glochidion puberum纠正为G.puber。     

中国植物名称数据库的建设及若干问题的探讨

中国植物物种信息数据库是中国科学院科学数据库参考型数据库,中国植物名称数据库（CPNI）是中国植物物种信息数据库最重要的组成部分,是中国植物物种信息数据库收录植物的目录和索引,也是其他数据库的参考和联系的桥梁。以《中国植物志》和《Flora of China》为基础数据来源,加上少量参考数据作为补充,设计建设了中国植物名称数据库,并从现有已建成同类数据库的评价、数据来源和数据组成,以及建库策略实现对中国植物名称数据库建设进行了分析和探讨。中国植物名称数据库是植物名称的参考型数据库,能够辅助植物学相关学科研究中关于植物名称的研究和利用。     

中英文版《中国植物志(省沽油科)》的比较

以中文版《中国植物志·第46卷》中收载的省沽油科植物分类群为基础,通过与英文修订版“Flora of China(Vol.11)”中相应分类群进行比较,报道了2部著作中植物分类群的学名和分类位置的变动及收载种类的增减情况,以资正确鉴定和编目应用。     

西藏墨脱悬钩子属植物小志

该文在野外调查、标本采集、标本查阅与鉴定及文献考证的基础上,对西藏墨脱县产的蔷薇科悬钩子属植物进行了系统整理。结果表明:目前发现该区共有悬钩子属植物28种4变种,其中Rubus lineatus Reinw. var. glabrior Hook. f.为中国分布新记录植物,小柱悬钩子(R. columellaris Tutcher)、红毛悬钩子(R. wallichianus Wight et Arn.)、独龙悬钩子(R. taronensis C. Y. Wu ex T. T. Yu et L. T. Lu)和疏松悬钩子(R. efferatus Craib)为西藏分布新记录植物。该文还对《中国植物志》和Flora of China中该属部分学名的不恰当使用进行了探讨。     

有斑渥丹开花结实的初步研究

有斑渥丹(Lilium concolor Salisb. var. pulchellum(Fisch.)Regel)每蒴果含成熟种子33~208粒,种子千粒重3.5g,发芽率(65.0±3.8)%,种子寿命2年。在试验圃地中, 2年实生植株开始开花,每株一朵,开花率56.6%,花部畸形严重,畸形率66.7%,其中花冠畸形率16.7%,雌蕊退化率20.0%,结实率20.0%,每果平均含成熟种子75粒;三年实生植株全部开花,每株1~3朵,花冠正常,雌蕊退化率35.1%,结实率62.1%,每果平均含成熟种子107.3粒。有斑渥丹花部变异,特别是雌蕊退化,可能是在栽培条件下的一种有利于种群延续的适应。     

辽宁省百合属植物资源现状及调查分析

通过对辽宁省12个市县实地调查,以及相关标本和文献的查阅,明确了辽宁省沈阳、鞍山和葫芦岛等市县分布有垂花百合(Lilium cernuum Komar)、大花卷丹(Lilium leichtlinii var.maximowiczii Baker)、卷丹(Lilium lancifolium Thunb.)、轮叶百合(Lilium distichum Nakai)、毛百合(Lilium dauricum Ker-Gawl)、山丹(Lilium pumilum DC.)和渥丹(Lilium concolor Salisb)等7种野生百合资源。同时,分析了7种野生百合的分布特征和资源现状,详细讨论了历史记录和调查结果。     

华南龙胆科植物拾零

本文对华南龙胆科植物做了修订和补充。将白花田草的名称更正为百金花;将美丽獐牙菜归并入狭叶獐牙菜;报道了新记录种5个,即：念珠脊龙胆、流苏龙胆、新店獐牙菜、峨嵋双蝴蝶、玉山双蝴蝶。     

Microdistribution of manganese in the leaf tissues of different plant species as revealed by X-ray microanalyzer

Microdistribution patterns of Mn in the leaf tissues of 9 plant species, Quercus mongolica Fisch. var. grosseserrata Rehd. et Wils., Lindera erythrocarpa Makino, Rhus trichocarpa Miq., Ilex crenata Thunb. var paludosa (Nakai) Hara, Acer sieboldianum Miq., Acanthopanax sciadophylloides Franch. et Savat., Clethra barbinervis Sieb. et Zucc., Pieris japonica (Thunb.) D. Don and Rhododendron semibarbatum Maxim. were studied by means of a wavelength dispersive type X-ray microanalyzer in conjunction with cryostage. The results showed that Mn, in general, was highly concentrated in the epidermal, palisade and spongy parenchyma cells of the leaf tissues of the investigated plants with optimal Mn supply.     

The varieties of Bauhinia pottsii G. Don in Thailand (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae)

 Bauhinia pottsii G. Don, B. subsessilis Craib, B. velutina (Wall. ex Benth.) Baker, B. mollissima (Wall.) Prain, and B. decipiens Craib were recently recognized as five varieties of Bauhinia pottsii G. Don. They grow naturally in southern Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina and the Malay Peninsula. Bauhinia pottsii var. decipiens (Craib) K. Larsen & S. S. Larsen is endemic to Thailand and known only from the type collection, so it was omitted from this study. Quantitative and qualitative morphological characters were examined in 200 specimens using multivariate and univariate analyses to determine the taxonomic relationship among the four. Some variation in qualitative characters was found between the varieties which separated them as previously defined in Flora of Thailand. Forty-three quantitative characters were subjected to cluster analysis to allow an objective classification into groups. The groups were subsequently evaluated by a canonical discriminant analysis. It was found that these characters collectively support the four varieties as defined by qualitative characters. However, the close relationship of varieties mollissima (Wall. ex Prain) K. Larsen & S. S. Larsen and velutina (Wall. ex Benth.) K. Larsen & S. S. Larsen is observed. The linear discriminant function has an overall rate of 98.5% correct classification and is useful for variety classification. Among quantitative characters, petal-claw length and ovarystalk length together with some qualitative characters are useful for key construction to separate the four varieties. Received April 24, 2001 Accepted December 11, 2001     

Phytophthora-Stammbasisfäule an Dieffenbachia maculate (Erreger: P. mexicana Hots. et Hart.)

Stem base rot of Dieffenbachia maculata caused by Phytophthora mexicana During the last years a stem rot of Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don has been observed in greenhouses of several commercial nurseries, located in different parts of the Federal Republic of Germany. The disease partly caused heavy losses. From all diseased plant parts (stem base, petiole and root) the same fungus could be isolated. It was diagnosed as Phytophthora mexicana Hots, et Hart., which is closely related to P. palmivora (Butl.) Butl. Apparently the former species is recorded for the first time as the causal organism of a Dieffenbachia stem rot and also for the first time in Europe. It is supposed that the fungus was imported to Germany via the Netherlands because all plants had been bought there, which diseased later.     

广西唇形科植物新记录

该文首次报道了唇形科5种植物在广西的新记录——簇序属(Craniotome Reichenb.)及簇序草[Craniotome furcata(Link)Kuntze]、西南水苏[Stachys kouyangensis(Vaniot)Dunn]、海南深红鸡脚参[Orthosiphon rubicundus(D.Don)Benth.var.hainanensis Sun ex C.Y.Wu]、黄花香薷[Elsholtzia flava(Benth.)Benth.]、滨海白绒草[Leucas chinensis(Retz.)R.Br.]。引证标本均存放于广西中医药研究院标本馆(GXMI)。     

Bacterial Rot of Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G. Don. Caused by Erwinia chrysanthemi

Five bacterial isolates were obtained in a nursery near Gent (Belgium) from diseased Dieffenbachia maculata (Lodd.) G., Don. cv. Compacta, cv. Camillo and cv. Veerle plants. They were identified by API 20E, API 50 CHE and API ZYM systems as Erwinia chrysanthemi. These strains and seven collection strains were pathogenic to all three D. maculata cultivars tested: cv. Camillo, cv. Compacta and cv. Tropic Snow. Inoculation in the stem or petiole was the only effective method for obtaining systemic infection. The petiole appeared to be the part of the plant in which disease developed most readily. Wounding was required for the induction of the disease. Temperatures between 25° and 30° C, a relative air humidity of 75 % or more and low light intensity (0.5 ft-c) favoured the disease, whereas high inoculum sizes (10⁶ or more cells) accelerated and increased it. Histological studies showed tissue degradation in infected areas. Petioles were most severely affected. Transport of bacteria seemed to occur after vessel infection in stem or petiole tissues.     

贵州种子植物分布新记录（二）

报道贵州分布新记录植物25种4变种,即七裂槭 （Acer heptalobum Diels.）、长柄槭（A. longipes Franch ex Rehd.）、富源杜鹃（Rhododendron fuyuanense Z. H. Yang.）、毛柱马缨花（R. delavayi Franch. var. pilostylum K. M. Feng.）、西藏白珠树（Gaultheria wardii Marq. &; Airy Shaw.）、滇豹子花（Nomocharis forrestii Balf.）、黄精（Polygonatum sibircum Delar.ex Redouté.）、 轮叶黄精［P. verticillatum (Linn.) All.］、细根黄精（P. gracile P. Y. Li.）、 距花万寿竹（Disporum calcaratum D. Don.）、 黄花油点草（Tricyrtis latifolia Maxin.）、铺散毛茛（Ranuculus diffuses DC.）、棱喙毛茛（R. trigonus Hand.—Mazz.）、昆明毛茛（R. kunmingensis W.T.Wang.）、展毛昆明毛茛（R. kunningensis W. T. Wang var. hispidus W. T. Wang.）、桔红悬钩子（Rubus aurantiacus Focke.）、西畴悬钩子（R. xichouensis Yü &; Lu.）、黑腺美饰悬钩子（R. subornatus Fooke var. melanadenus Focke.）、多脉悬钩子（R. phoenicolasius Maxim.）、掌叶悬钩子（R. pentagonus Wall. ex Focke.）、 裂叶西康绣线梅［Neillia thibetica Bur. &; Franch. var. lobata (Rehd.) Yü.］、 川康绣线梅（N. affinis Hemsl.）、毛山楂（Crataegus maximowiczii Schneid.）、维西小檗（Berberis weixiensis C. Y. Wu ex S. Y. Bao.）、 南川小檗（B. fallaciosa Schneid.）、万源小檗（B. metopolyantha Ahrendt.）、尼泊尔十大功劳（Mahonia napaulensis DC.）、 长苞十大功劳（M. longibracteata Takeda.）、丁座草［Boschniakia himalaica (Hook. f. &; Thoms.) G. Beck.］。     

秦岭种子植物区系新记录

报道了秦岭种子植物区系4新记录属[杜若属(Pollia Thunb.)、美冠兰属(Eulophia R.Br.ex Lindl.)、常山属(Dichroa Lour.)和吊灯花属(Ceropegia Linn.)],8新记录种[川杜若Pollia miranda(Lévl.)Hara、长距美冠兰Eulophia dabia(D.Don)Hochr.、常山Dichroa febrifugaLour.、肉色土栾儿Apios carnea(Wall.)Benth.exBaker、柳叶蓬莱葛Gardneria lanceolata Rehd.et Wils.、显脉獐牙菜Swertia nervosa(G.Don)Wall.ex C.B.Clarke、皱果赤瓟Thladiantha henryi Hemsl.var.henryi和宝兴吊灯花Ceropegia paohsingensis Tsiang et P.T.Li]。     

西藏维管植物新记录

本研究首次发现西藏新记录属云实属(Caesalpinia Linn.)植物——见血飞(Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb.),另外报道了11个新记录种和2个变种:瓶尔小草科(Ophioglossaceae)薄叶阴地蕨(Botrychium daucifolium Wall.),凤尾蕨科(Pteridaceae)华中凤尾蕨(Pteris kiuschiuensis var.centrochinensis ChingS.H.Wu),毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)尾叶铁线莲(Clematis urophylla Franch.),椴树科(Tiliaceae)刺蒴麻(Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.),锦葵科(Malvaceae)拔毒散(Sida szechuensis Matsuda),中华地桃花[Urena lobata var.chinensis(Osbeck)S.Y.Hu],柳叶菜科(Onagraceae)草龙[Ludwigia hyssopifolia(G.Don)Exell]、卵叶丁香蓼(Ludwigia ovalis Miq.),唇形科(Lamiaceae)小鱼仙草[Mosla dianthera(Buch.-Ham.)Maxim.],玄参科(Scrophulariaceae)石龙尾[Limnophila sessiliflora(Vahl)Bl.],爵床科(Acanthaceae)白接骨[Asystasia neesiana(Wall.)Nees],桔梗科(Campanulaceae)卵叶半边莲(Lobelia zeylanica Linn.),天南星科(Araceae)百足藤[Pothos repens(Loureiro)Druce]。研究结果进一步丰富了西藏的植物区系,并为研究与相邻地区植物区系的联系增加了新内容。