地佐辛联合帕瑞昔布钠预防全身麻醉苏醒期躁动

目的：探讨术中应用地佐辛联合帕瑞昔布钠预防全麻苏醒期躁动的效果。方法：选择ASAI～II级全身麻醉下进行开腹胆囊切除术患者75例,随机分为3组,各25例。I组给予地佐辛5mg;II组给予地佐辛10mg;Ⅲ组给予地佐辛5mg联合帕瑞昔布钠40mg。在手术进行到关腹时静脉给药,观察比#苏醒期三组患者的躁动发生情况、疼痛评分及不良反应（恶心、呕吐等）。结果：II组和Ⅲ组患者躁动发生率和疼痛评分均低于I组（P〈O．05）,II组和Ⅲ组间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。Ⅲ组不良反应发生率小于I组和II组（P〈0．05）。结论：术中应用地佐辛联合帕瑞昔布钠对预防全麻苏醒期躁动具有良好的效果,并能降低不良反应发生率。     

舒芬太尼联合氟比洛芬酯预防全麻苏醒期躁动

目的:探讨术中应用舒芬太尼联合氟比洛芬酯预防全麻苏醒期躁动的效果.方法:选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级全身麻醉下进行胆囊切除术患者90例,随机分为3组,各30例.Ⅰ组给予舒芬太尼0.1μg·kg-1;Ⅱ组给予舒芬太尼0.15μg·kg-1;Ⅲ组给予氟比洛芬酯1 mg·kg-1,舒芬太尼0.1μg·kg-1.在手术结束前20 min静脉给药,观察比较苏醒期三组患者的躁动发生情况、疼痛评分及不良反应(恶心、呕吐等).结果:Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组患者躁动发生率和疼痛评分均低于Ⅰ组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组间差异无显著性(P>0.05).Ⅲ组不良反应发生率小于Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组(P<0.05).结论:术中应用舒芬太尼联合氟比洛芬酯对预防全麻苏醒期躁动具有良好的效果,并能降低不良反应发生率.     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对妇科腹腔镜手术全凭静脉麻醉效果的影响

目的:评价帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对妇科腹腔镜手术异丙酚-芬太尼静脉麻醉效果的影响。方法:选择在我院行妇科腹腔镜手术的患者60例,ASA分级为Ⅰ级或Ⅱ级,年龄分布在21-53岁,体重为41-72 kg。将所有患者随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组(P组)和生理盐水组(NS组),每组各30例。在麻醉诱导前15 min,对P组患者采取静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,NS组患者则采取静脉注射等容积的生理盐水。两组麻醉诱导方法相同,术中以脑电双频指数(bispectral index,BIS)为麻醉深度指标,根据BIS值调节异丙酚血浆靶浓度以维持麻醉。记录拔管期间患者的心率(HR),平均动脉压(MAP)变化情况,苏醒时间,拔管时间,苏醒期不良反应及拔管后5 min疼痛VRS评分。结果:①两组患者血流动力学平稳,P组在T3至T6各时点的MAP和T3至T5各时点的HR均明显低于NS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);②两组苏醒时间和拔管时间无明显差别(P0.05);P组苏醒期躁动发生率为10%,明显低于NS组的26.7%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);③P组拔管后5 min疼痛VRS评分为2.0,明显低于NS组的3.6,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛能减轻异丙酚-芬太尼静脉麻醉下妇科腹腔镜手术过程中血流动力学波动,减少苏醒期躁动的发生和疼痛VRS评分。     

地佐辛诱导对全麻术后苏醒期躁动反应的影响

目的:比较地佐辛和芬太尼全麻气管插管诱导时对术后苏醒期躁动反应的影响.方法:选择需全身麻醉气管插管颈淋巴结核手术患者60例,ASA分级为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,年龄18～55岁,体质量45～80 kg,随机法分成实验组(地佐辛0.4 mg/kg)和对照组(芬太尼4.0 μg/kg),每组30例;观察两组术毕苏醒拔管期躁动反应结果:在苏醒拔管期芬太尼组比地佐辛组躁动反应明显.结论:地左辛作为诱导药可以显著地减少全麻气管插管时对颈淋巴结核手术后苏醒拔管期躁动反应.     

帕瑞昔布钠用于下肢手术术后镇痛的安全性及其对阿片类药物用量的节俭作用

目的:探讨帕瑞昔布钠用于下肢手术术后镇痛的疗效、安全性及其对阿片类药物用量的节俭作用.方法:随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、平行分组研究,18-60岁、ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级、择期硬膜外腔阻滞下下肢手术病人,手术结束时,随机静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg或生理盐水5ml,12h后再静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg或生理盐水5 ml,同时采用芬太尼进行病人自控静脉镇痛.观察术后2,4,8,12和24h的疼痛强度(VAS评分)、给药前后的生命体征、不良反应和生化检查指标、术后芬太尼用量、病人自控镇痛(PCA)有效次数.结果:共完成220例,其中采用帕瑞昔布钠116例,安慰剂104例.与安慰剂组相比,帕瑞昔布钠组术后2,4,8,12和24h VAS评分降低(P＜0.05),而有关不良反应和检查结果异常发生率的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后12h和24 h芬太尼用量明显减少(P＜0.05),术后12h和24hPCA有效次数降低(P＜0.05).结论:下肢手术后静脉给予帕瑞昔布钠40mg bid,镇痛效果佳,安全可靠,明显减少了术后芬太尼用量,提高病人术后镇痛质量.     

帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定对开胸手术患者苏醒质量及应激反应的影响

目的:探讨帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定对开胸手术患者苏醒质量及应激反应的影响。方法:选择2014年1月至2016年9月我院行开胸手术的90例患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=45)。观察组在术前30min静脉注射帕瑞昔布,术毕前5 min缓慢静脉注射右美托咪定;对照组在术前、30 min、术毕前5 min给予等容量生理盐水。比较两组苏醒时间、拔管时间以及麻醉诱导前(T1)、手术结束时(T2)、术后3 h(T3)时血糖(Glu)、皮质醇(Cor)、肾上腺素(E)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、运动活动评分(MAAS)的变化,并比较麻醉恢复期躁动的发生率。结果:两组苏醒时间、拔管时间比较差异上无统计学意义(P0.05);观察组T2、T3时Glu、Cor、E、NE水平以及MAAS评分均明显低于对照组(P0.05),躁动发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:在开胸手术患者麻醉过程中,应用帕瑞昔布钠联合右美托咪定可有效抑制麻醉恢复期应激反应,减少躁动的发生,提高苏醒质量。     

帕瑞昔布钠超前应用减轻异丙酚注射痛

目的:比较注射不同剂量帕瑞昔布钠预防异丙酚注射痛的效果.方法:采用随机双肓对照方法,选择我院择期手术病人150例,ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,随机分为3组,每组50例.麻醉诱导前1 min,均从手背静脉预给药,给药前使该手臂举起15 sec,然后在前臂近端扎止血带放平.A组:静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg;B组:静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠20 mg;均溶于5 mL生理盐水;C组:静脉注射0.9％生理盐水5mL.推注60 sec后松开止血带,以0.5 ml/sec的速度注射异丙酚.注射期间使用4分法对注射痛评分.结果:与B组和C组比较,A组异丙酚注射痛发生率明显降低(P＜0.001).三组患者异丙酚注射痛的VRS评分在轻度疼痛方面没有差异.但在中至重度疼痛方面A组和B组明显低于C组(P＜0.001).A组的无痛患者明显高于B组,而VRS评分明显低于B组(P＜0.001).结论:静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40 mg预充盈血管60 sec均能明显降低异丙酚注射痛.静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠20 mg能降低异丙酚注射痛的程度但不能降低异丙酚注射痛的发生率.     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛应用于无痛人工流产术的临床实验研究

目的:探讨帕瑞昔布钠用于无痛人工流产术的临床效果及其安全性.方法:120例人工流产术患者随机分为帕瑞昔布钠组和芬太尼组,对比分析两组丙泊酚的用量、唤醒时间、术中生命体征、麻醉效果、不良反应的发生情况和术后VAS评分.结果:帕瑞昔布钠组丙泊酚用量及苏醒时间均短于芬太尼组,术中血流动力学变化较芬太尼组稳定,且不良反应的发生率和VAS评分也显著低于芬太尼组(P＜0.05).结论:帕瑞昔布钠可显著减少无痛人流术中丙泊酚的总用量,麻醉效果良好,且无明显不良反应,是一种可用于无痛人工流产术的安全、有效的药物.     

地佐辛复合右美托咪定用于高血压患者全麻诱导的效果

目的:观察地佐辛复合右美托咪定用于高血压患者乳腺癌手术全麻诱导的临床效果。方法:选择我院择期行乳腺癌改良根治术的患者90例,随机分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,n=30。Ⅰ组给予芬太尼2~5μg/kg,Ⅱ组给予地佐辛0.2~0.3 mg/kg,Ⅲ组持续输注右美托咪定1μg/(kg·h)10 min后给予地佐辛0.2~0.3 mg/kg,三组患者均常规行全麻诱导。记录围插管期的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR),并测定T0、T1、T2、T3时血浆肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)的浓度,同时记录患者拔管即刻、拔管后1 min的MAP、HR及术中给予的心血管活性药物的总剂量等情况。结果:Ⅰ组患者MAP、HR在T1、T2、T5时刻的数值及围插管期血浆肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度变化分别与其前一时点相比,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Ⅱ、Ⅲ两组围插管期血浆肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE)浓度虽然都有波动,但与前一时点比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:地佐辛复合右美托咪定用于高血压患者乳腺癌手术全麻诱导不仅可以有效抑制气管插管应激反应,维持术中血流动力学稳定,降低患者术后对疼痛的敏感性,而且对患者术后意识、呼吸等恢复没有影响。     

帕瑞昔布钠联合罗哌卡因局部浸润用于颈椎前路减压术后镇痛观察

目的观察帕瑞昔布钠联合罗哌卡因局部浸润用于颈椎前路减压术患者术后镇痛的效果。方法选择拟全麻下行颈椎前路减压术患者60例,随机分为A组(帕瑞昔布钠+1%罗哌卡因组)30例,B组(舒芬太尼组)30例。采用瑞芬太尼和异丙酚双通道靶控输注麻醉。于缝合前即刻,A组静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠40mg,1%罗哌卡因15ml逐层浸润切口周围肌肉、皮下组织和皮肤;B组静脉给予负荷量舒芬太尼4μg(4ml),行自控静脉镇痛。分别记录术后4、8、16、24h(T1、T2、T3、T4)的疼痛、镇静、恶心呕吐评分,疼痛情况用水平视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估,镇静程度以Ramsay评分法评分。结果两组患者均达到满意的镇痛效果。B组各时点Ramsay评分均高于A组,T2、T3时点比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。但B组T2、T3时点恶心呕吐发生率高于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论帕瑞昔布钠联合1%罗哌卡因局部浸润用于颈椎前路减压术后镇痛与舒芬太尼自控静脉镇痛比较,均获得良好的镇痛效果,且不增加患者的镇静水平,减少了恶心呕吐等副作用的发生率。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.