东方蝾螈早期发育过程中细胞核超微结构的观察

东方蝾螈胚胎发育过程中,从原肠早期到原肠末期无论外胚层或中胚层细胞核内都含有大量的异染色质团块,而到神经板形成后所有细胞核内染色质均呈分散状态。异染色质向常染色质的转变过程发生在原肠末期到神经板形成这段时间里,在原口闭合后4.5小时之前完成,此时期似乎是形态发生的转折点。到发育的后期,细胞核内有一些染色质又会由分散状态转变为凝聚的异染色质团块。预定神经上皮向神经组织分化的决定是个逐渐的过程,这一过程在原肠口闭合时已经开始,到神经板期完成。染色质的分散似乎发生在细胞有了初步决定之后。本文就染色质超微结构变化的意义以及染色质超微结构变化与细胞分化的关系等问题进行了讨论。     

香蕉MaBTB基因的表达分析及亚细胞定位

利用荧光定量PCR分析在不同处理下的香蕉采后果实中MaBTB基因的表达,在正常成熟的果实中,MaBTB基因的表达与乙烯的释放量呈正相关;相反,在1-MCP处理的香蕉果实中,该基因的表达相对变化不明显;用乙烯处理的香蕉果实,其表达量在第3天达到高峰,比正常成熟的早11 d。这些结果表明MaBTB基因在香蕉采后果实中是受乙烯诱导表达的。最后,亚细胞定位分析表明MaBTB基因定位在细胞核上。     

果实成熟乙烯相关基因工程研究进展(综述)

果实成熟是一个复杂的生理生化过程,而乙烯是引发果实成熟的主要因素.本文简述乙烯合成过程中S-腺苷甲硫氨酸水解酶、ACC合成酶与ACC氧化酶、ACC脱氨酶基因和乙烯受体突变体的特性及克隆;同时,评述利用基因工程技术控制果实成熟的应用前景.     

尼罗罗非鱼精子形成中核内囊泡的释放

通过透射电镜观察了尼罗罗非鱼的精子形成过程。尼罗罗非鱼精子细胞在成熟过程中,细胞核中出现由双层生物膜构成的囊泡。囊泡中均匀分布着电子密度低的物质。该囊泡逐渐从细胞核内排到细胞核外。在此过程中细胞核不但排出不参与染色质浓缩的物质,还将多余的核膜排出。进入袖套的囊泡可以留在精子的袖套中,而排到核前方和核侧面的囊泡继续以出芽的方式排出精子细胞。尼罗罗非鱼成熟精子的头部仅有染色质高度浓缩的细胞核。细胞核前     

He-Ne激光照射日本沼虾肌肉、眼柄和脑神经的组织细胞的光学显微镜观察

用He-Ne激光照射日本沼虾的肌肉、眼柄和脑神经,研究其对日本沼虾细胞形态结构的影响。结果表明：(1)实验组的肌肉组织细胞具有明显异染色质的细胞数量百分比要比对照组的增大2．78％;(2)实验组的眼柄和脑的神经细胞核的平均直径要比对照组的分别增大2．40μm和5．25μm,核内具有明显异染色质的平均直径比对照组的分别增大10．20μm和14．7μm,实验表明He-Ne激光照射后细胞核内异染色质发生明显凝集,神经细胞核内异染色质的凝集尤为明显。     

不同成熟度杨梅果实采后呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率和品质的变化

以3个品种杨梅果实为材料,将采后果实分为未成熟(immature)、成熟(mature)和完熟(ripe)3种不同成熟度,在20℃下48 h贮藏过程中,每隔3 h检测一次呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率,并分析成熟过程相关的品质变化.结果表明,未成熟和成熟果实的呼吸速率和乙烯合成变化呈现典型的跃变型果实特征,而在完熟果实中检测不到呼吸和乙烯跃变过程.未成熟和成熟杨梅果实中PAL活性趋于提高,而完熟果实的呈下降变化,这一结果与矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷(Cy-3-Glu)含量变化相吻合;CIRG值与杨梅果实Cv-3-Glu含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.96**).结果显示杨梅果实属于跃变型果实.     

荔枝果实在发育和采后的乙烯产生及其生理作用

荔枝果实在发育与成熟过程中呼吸作用和乙烯的产生不断下降。 成熟荔枝果皮的乙烯产生量约为果肉和种子的86倍。外源乙烯处理能提高荔枝果皮多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性。 在5℃下,荔枝果实的呼吸和乙烯产生受到强烈抑制,只有常温(25℃)下的1/10或更低,但进入常温后则很快上升,果实内部乙烯最高可达17.6 ppm。     

高氏后异刺线虫肠道和生殖细胞超微结构观察

我们曾经发现雌性高氏后异刺线虫在生殖周期中,虫体的外表形态和器官结构以及细胞核内DNA含量均发生连续的变化。现在进一步对线虫细胞的超微结构进行分析,着重观察核内染色质结构的变化。前三期雌虫肠细胞核内有许多粗大的染色质团块和显著的核仁。Ⅳ期肠核内染色质团块融合成少数球体,而且不断减少,以致消失,单剩下染色质细粒(纤丝切面)。而核仁增大,结构更为复杂。卵巢细胞亦有类似改变,但末见染色质球体。雄虫并无生殖周期,也无上述变化。     

沙打旺组织培养中脱分化细胞的超微结构及细胞核的动态变化

对沙打旺的下胚轴、子叶、幼叶组织培养中脱分化细胞进行了超微结构观察,并着重讨论了细胞核的动态变化。脱分化细胞的细胞质中线粒体墙加,嵴明显;多聚核糖体增多;高尔基体增加;质体中积累淀粉。核仁与核内异染色质之间有一个动态过程。此过程暂称“核仁物质喷射“现象。在致有以下：１．核体出现,半嵌在增大的核仁上,核内异染色质沿核膜凝聚;２．异染色质移向核仁,并与核仁接触,核体消失,部分异质进入核仁;３．核仁物质     

巴梨成熟期间乙烯与脱落酸含量的变化

乙烯和ABA在调节果实成熟过程中的作用已受到重视L,',8J。我们曾观察到杏与白兰瓜等跃变果实在成熟时,ABA积累发生在乙烯生成之前,外施ABA促进了杏果乙烯的生成与成熟,并且发现果实的耐贮藏性与果肉中ABA的含量有一定关系[a.,.4]巴梨是最易腐烂的跃变果实,是研究这一问题的适宜材料。因此,我们对发育与贮藏期的巴梨进行了果实呼吸、乙烯与ABA含量变化的研究。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.