芍药内生真菌的鉴定及产生活性次生代谢产物的评估

【目的】研究药用植物芍药(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)内生真菌的种群多样性,同时对其可能存在的聚酮合酶(Polyketide synthase,PKS)和非核糖体多肽合成酶(Non-ribosomal peptide synthetase,NRPS)基因多样性进行评估,预测芍药内生真菌产生活性次生代谢产物的潜力。【方法】采用组织分离法获得芍药根部内生真菌菌株,结合形态学特征和ITS序列分析,进行鉴定;利用兼并性引物对内生真菌中存在的聚酮合酶(PKS)基因和非核糖体多肽合成酶(NRPS)基因进行PCR扩增及序列测定分析,构建系统发育树,明确芍药内真菌PKS基因序列和NRPS基因序列的系统进化地位。【结果】从芍药组织块中共分离得到105株内生分离物,去重复后获得52株内生真菌,菌株ITS基因序列信息显示,52株芍药内生真菌隶属于7目、13科、15属,其中小球腔菌属(Leptosphaeria)、土赤壳属(Ilyonectria)和镰孢属(Fusarium)为优势种群;从52株内生真菌中筛选获得13株含PKS基因片段的菌株,8株含NRPS基因片段的菌株,部分菌株功能基因的氨基酸序列与Gen Bank中已知化合物的合成序列具有一定的同源性,预示芍药根部内生真菌具有合成丰富多样的次生代谢产物的潜力。【结论】药用植物芍药根部具有丰富的内生真菌资源,且具有产生活性次生代谢产物的潜力,值得进一步开发研究和应用。     

烟草内生真菌及其提取物的抗细菌活性(英文)北大核心CSCD

从健康烟草的根和茎中分离到38株内生真菌,对23株代表性内生真菌菌株进行了形态观察和ITS-r DNA分析,共鉴定出18个属,其中Acremonium(菌株Nitaf01和Nitaf02)、Fusarium(菌株Nitaf07、Nitaf08和Nitaf09)、Penicillium(菌株Nitaf18和Nitaf20)和Plectosphaerella(菌株Nitaf11和Nitaf12)为主要属,有13个属(Acremonium、Cladosporium、Clonostachys、Ilyonectria、Mortierella、Myriodontium、Petriella、Plectosphaerella、Podospora、Purpureocillium、Rhizopycnis、Stephanonectria和Thielavia)的真菌为首次从烟草中分离得到。5株内生真菌(Colletotrichum sp.Nitaf05、Fusarium sp.Nitaf07、Purpureocillium sp.Nitaf13、Penicillium sp.Nitaf20和Rhizopycnis sp.Nitaf22)的菌丝和发酵液提取物均表现出较强的抗细菌活性。结果表明烟草存在丰富的内生真菌,这些内生真菌具有生产抗菌活性成分和作为生防菌剂应用的潜力。     

烟草内生真菌及其提取物的抗细菌活性（英文）

从健康烟草的根和茎中分离到38株内生真菌,对23株代表性内生真菌菌株进行了形态观察和ITS-r DNA分析,共鉴定出18个属,其中Acremonium(菌株Nitaf01和Nitaf02)、Fusarium(菌株Nitaf07、Nitaf08和Nitaf09)、Penicillium(菌株Nitaf18和Nitaf20)和Plectosphaerella(菌株Nitaf11和Nitaf12)为主要属,有13个属(Acremonium、Cladosporium、Clonostachys、Ilyonectria、Mortierella、Myriodontium、Petriella、Plectosphaerella、Podospora、Purpureocillium、Rhizopycnis、Stephanonectria和Thielavia)的真菌为首次从烟草中分离得到。5株内生真菌(Colletotrichum sp.Nitaf05、Fusarium sp.Nitaf07、Purpureocillium sp.Nitaf13、Penicillium sp.Nitaf20和Rhizopycnis sp.Nitaf22)的菌丝和发酵液提取物均表现出较强的抗细菌活性。结果表明烟草存在丰富的内生真菌,这些内生真菌具有生产抗菌活性成分和作为生防菌剂应用的潜力。     

杜仲内生真菌DZ05的鉴定及抗菌生物活性研究

结合菌株的形态学特征和ITS序列分析结果,对1株分离自杜仲茎部的内生真菌菌株DZ05进行鉴定,并对其在PDA液体培养基摇床培养3 d获得的发酵液对多种测试菌进行抗菌活性研究。结果显示:(1)分离自杜仲茎部的内生真菌菌株DZ05经形态学特征和ITS序列分析,被鉴定为淡紫色拟青霉。(2)其发酵液的乙酸乙酯提取物对6种测试细菌和9种测试植物病原菌均具有明显的抑菌活性,抑菌圈直径在13～45 mm之间,其中对番茄灰霉病菌、番茄叶霉病菌和苹果炭疽病菌抑菌圈直径＞40 mm。研究表明,杜仲内生真菌DZ05的代谢产物具有广谱的抗菌活性,在植物病原菌的生物防治领域具有较大的应用前景。     

杜仲内生真菌的多样性分析及其抗植物病原真菌的活性

以河南郑州和江苏徐州采集到的杜仲为材料,采用纯培养方法对杜仲内生真菌进行分离。将分离纯化得到的90株真菌通过形态学鉴定并进行多样性分析,90株内生真菌分别属于13个属,其中茎点霉属(Phoma)和链格孢属(Alternaria)为优势菌群,分别占总菌株数的18%和16%;其次为黑孢属(Nigrospora)和枝孢属(Cladosporium),均占总菌株数的10%。用平板对峙法对分离得到的杜仲内生真菌进行抗植物病原真菌实验,发现有18个菌株对至少一种病原真菌具有明显的拮抗作用。通过比色法进行内生真菌产IAA(吲哚乙酸)定性实验,结果显示,有37株真菌具有产IAA能力,通过分光光度法对这37株真菌进行产IAA定量实验,发现有8株有较好的产IAA活性。     

黔西南薏苡内生真菌多样性及其抗菌活性研究

为进一步了解贵州黔西南薏苡(Coix lacryma-Jobi)可培养内生真菌的多样性组成及其抗菌活性。通过组织块分离法,选取薏苡根、叶和种仁为分离对象,进行内生真菌分离,并通过形态学观察,分子生物学特征对所分离内生真菌进行鉴定。采用平板菌块对峙法对薏苡内生真菌进行抗菌活性筛选。从薏苡根、叶和种仁中共分离纯化获得76株薏苡内生真菌,根据形态和分子生物学特征,它们属于10个目、14个科、26个属和1个不明属以及未知菌;以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)、金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphyloccocus aureus)、枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)为指示菌株,对薏苡内生真菌进行抗菌活性筛选。其中有25株对大肠杆菌具有抗菌活性,占分离菌株的比例为32. 9%;有34株对金黄色葡萄球菌具有抗菌活性,其比例为44. 7%;有24株对枯草芽胞杆菌具有抗菌活性,比例是31. 6%;有23株对酿酒酵母具有抗菌活性,占比例为30. 3%;对4种标准菌株都有抗菌活性的有13株,占总株数的17. 1%。薏苡的不同组织结构中存在丰富的内生真菌资源,部分内生真菌具有抑制其他微生物生长的活性,具有产生天然活性产物成分的潜力,为工业应用奠定了资源基础,具有进一步发掘和研究的价值。     

产黄酮番木瓜内生真菌的筛选和鉴定

为开发植物内生真菌这一微生物资源,采用组织分离法从番木瓜植株的叶片、果实和茎中分离内生真菌。通过黄酮类化合物显色反应、薄层层析法(TLC)、紫外光谱法(UV),对番木瓜内生真菌的次生代谢产物进行初步分析,筛选出1株产黄酮类物质的内生真菌菌株,并利用分生孢子形态特征和真菌内转录间隔区序列(Internal transcribed spacer,ITS)对该菌株进行分析鉴定。结果表明,从番木瓜果实中分离获得编号为G41的内生真菌菌株可归类为青霉属橘青霉(Penicillium citrinum)。研究证实番木瓜果实中存在可产黄酮类物质的内生真菌菌株,具有进一步开发利用的潜在价值。     

小黄花茶内生真菌的多样性分析及抑菌活性初筛

为探究小黄花茶内生真菌种类和种群分布规律以及对植物病原真菌的抑制作用,该研究采用组织分离法对小黄花茶内生真菌进行分离纯化,基于形态学和分子生物学进行鉴定并结合统计学分析评价其多样性,再通过平板对峙法筛选出具有抑菌活性的菌株。结果表明：(1)从小黄花茶324份组织块中分离得到内生真菌261株,隶属1门5纲9目22属,其中优势属包括炭疽菌属(Colletotrichum)、间座壳属(Diaporthe)、拟盘多毛孢属(Pestalotiopsis),分离频率分别为21.84%、16.86%、10.34%。(2)研究发现小黄花茶内生真菌在不同季节分布不同,冬季分离出的菌株数量最多,为72株(占27.59%,隶属16个属),春季62株(隶属13个属),夏季59株(隶属15个属),秋季68株(隶属13个属),冬季的香农-维纳指数(H′)、辛普森指数(D)、Pielou’s均匀度指数(E)和Margalef’s丰富度指数(M)最高,春季与冬季内生真菌种类相似性较高,夏季与秋季内生真菌种类相似性较高。(3)小黄花茶内生真菌不同部位分布不同,茎中内生真菌的分布最多,有102株(占39.08%,隶属15...     

假橐吾内生菌分离及其拮抗菌的筛选与鉴定

从菊科植物假橐吾(Ligulariopsis shichuana Y.L.Chen)中分离得到110株内生真菌和26株内生放线菌,依照形态培养特征对菌株进行初步分类鉴定,采用琼脂块法进行拮抗菌株筛选,并对拮抗性最好的2株内生放线菌进行分子鉴定.结果表明:(1)经初步鉴定,将分离到的假橐吾内生真菌合并为86种,分为10个属,其中交链孢霉属和丝核菌属占优势(分别为41.9%和16.3%);内生放线菌分为3个属,其中链霉菌属占优势(92.3%).(2)抗菌活性试验表明,有31株内生真菌分别对细菌、植物病原真菌具有显著抑制作用,全部内生放线菌对靶标菌有抗性,其中菌株wz57和wz01拮抗性最强.(3)根据16S rDNA序列比对结果,菌株wz57和wz01与链霉菌属(Streptomyces griseoplanus)相似性最高,分别达到99.3%和99.5%,初步归为Streptomyces griseoplanus.     

温室黄瓜叶部微生物区系

采用稀释分离法和消毒叶片研磨液培养法对温室黄瓜叶围和内生微生物进行了分离,共分离到248个菌株,初步鉴定出13个属的叶围真菌,其中链格孢属(Alternaria)和青霉属(Penicillium)真菌为优势类群;鉴定出4个属的内生真菌,其中曲霉属(Aspergillus)真菌为优势类群;10个属的叶围细菌,其中芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和黄单胞菌属(Xanthomonas)细菌为优势类群;6个属的内生细菌,其中芽孢杆菌属和假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)细菌为优势类群;6个属的叶围酵母菌,其中隐球酵母属(Cryptococcus)为优势类群;已鉴定出2个属的叶围放线菌,分别为链霉菌属(Streptomyces)和小多孢菌属(Micropolpspora).未分离到内生酵母菌和放线菌.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.