平颏海蛇碱性磷脂酶A_2的融合表达、纯化及活性特征

 将编码平颏海蛇碱性磷脂酶A2 的基因 (PLA2 9)克隆于硫氧还蛋白基因融合表达载体pPETTRX的trxA基因的 3′末端 ,构建符合读码框的融合基因 .2 5℃下经IPTG诱导 ,该融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中以可溶形式表达 ,表达量达 2 0 %以上 .利用金属螯合亲和层析和凝胶过滤层析两步纯化 ,得到纯度 85%的融合蛋白 .经肠激酶切割和离子交换柱层析进一步纯化后 ,得到浓度 95%以上的成熟PLA2 9.对重组PLA2 9进行了Western印迹检测 .重组PLA2 9具有与天然PLA2 相近的酶活性 ;并具有对HL60等几种肿瘤细胞的细胞毒作用 ,这在海蛇PLA2 中是首次报道 .平颏海蛇碱性PLA2 融合表达及快速纯化系统的建立 ,为深入开展其结构与功能关系研究奠定了基础     

长柔毛野豌豆编码甘油-3-磷酸酰基转移酶基因的克隆及序列分析

甘油－3－磷酸酰基转移酶（GPAT）基因与植物抗冷性密切相关。克隆到的长柔毛野豌豆（Vicia villosa)GPAT基因的编码区完整的cDNA片段长1377bp,编码458个氨基酸残基,与蚕豆（Vicia faba)和豌豆（Pissum sativum)比较,其核苷酸序列的同源性分别为94．1％和93．3％,氨基酸序列的同源性分别为96．9％和98．0％。     

红树植物秋茄中受盐胁迫抑制的cyclophilin基因的鉴定与表达分析

利用代表性差异分析方法获得秋茄中两个编码亲环素(cyclophilin)蛋白的cDNA片段(称为SRGKC2和SRGKC3),该片段大小分别为282bp和160bp;序列分析表明：SRGKC2和SRGKC3是同一基因区域的不同长度片段,SRGKC3是SRGKC2片段的一部分。SRGKC2在84个氨基酸范围内与大戟属cyclophilin蛋白的氨基酸序列的一致性达到90％,SRGKC3在47个氨基酸范围内与蚕豆cyclophilin蛋白的一致性达到93％。Northern分析表明：盐分抑制SRGKC2片段的表达。依赖SRGKC2片段的序列资料,利用cDNA快速末端扩增(RACE)技术获取秋茄中cyclophilin基因的全长cDNA片段(命名为KCCYP1)(GenBank登录号：AY150052)。该cDNA全长约为0．9kb,含有一个516个核苷酸的完整开放阅读框,编码172个氨基酸,等电点为8．57,分子量18．2KDa。42—49位氨基酸残基为推测的ATP／GTP结合位点A基序(P—loop),48—54位氨基酸残基是插入的7个氨基酸残基。文中还对SRGKC2在不同种中的表达状况进行了分析。     

4种胡蜂前溶血肽原基因的克隆与序列比较

从雌性亚非马蜂、额斑黄胡蜂、墨胸胡蜂、大胡蜂毒腺中抽提总RNA,通过RT-PCR方法扩增得到4种胡蜂蜂毒前溶血肽原的cDNA,再将扩增产物克隆到pGEM⑥-Teasy vector上。测序结果表明：扩增得到的片段长度均为213bp,系蜂毒前溶血肽原编码区的cDNA。经序列比较,4种胡蜂蜂毒前溶血肽原之间的氨基酸序列同源性都超过95％。亚非马蜂、额斑黄胡蜂、墨胸胡蜂、大胡蜂各自与意大利蜜蜂蜂毒前溶血肽原氨基酸序列的同源性分别为95．8％、100％、97．2％、97．2％。结果表明：蜂毒前溶血肽原一级结构序列具有很高的保守性,尽管胡蜂和蜜蜂属于膜翅目不同的总科,但它们的前溶血肽原基因却非常相似。     

斜带石斑鱼生长激素/催乳素家族基因cDNAs的分子克隆及其进化意义

从斜带石斑鱼垂体提取总。RNA,再取其50ng合成SMART cDNA。从所构建的垂体SMART cDNA质粒文库中筛选到生长激素／催乳素基因家族的2个成员的全长cDNA片段：生长激素(GH)基因全长为938bp,编码204个氨基酸;催乳素基因(PRI．)全长为1429bp,编码212个氨基酸。采用计算机软件Mega 2和CLUSTAL W1．64b对9种鱼的生长激素／催乳素基因家族的3个成员(GH、PRL和生长催乳素SL)的氨基酸序列进行系统分析,构建NJ分支系统树,对于序列中的插入／缺失位点则采用Pairaise Deletion,1000次自展(Bootstrap)分析计算各节点支持率。根据3个基因的氨基酸序列构建的系统树表明,石斑鱼与金头鲷、金鲈和牙鲆聚成一类,虹鳟与大马哈鱼聚成一类,鲫鱼与鲶鱼聚成一类,鳗鲡成另外一类。根据石斑鱼全长cDNA推断的氨基酸序列比较表明,SL相对GH和PRL有较高的保守性。石斑鱼的GH、PRL和SL的氨基酸同源性在24％～31％,但其C-端的氨基酸同源性较高,尤其是C-端的3个Cys是严格保守的。其中SL与GH的同源性(30．8％)高于与PRL的同源性(25．6％),GH和PRL的同源性最低(24．1％)。     

单引物法扩增马尾松毛虫CPV基因组第8片段及其序列分析

本文利用T4 RNA连接酶将5'－磷酸,3'-氨基修饰的引物1连接到马尾松毛虫质型多角体病毒第8片段dsRNA的3'-OH端,经逆转录,退火,补齐形成全长双链cDNA。使用单一的互补引物2进行PCR 增,扩增产物克隆在pMD18-T载体上,对重组子进行限制性内切酶分析及序列测定。结果表明,克隆片段全长330bp,S'端具有CPV－1型末端保守序列AGTAAA'端具有保守序列GTTAGCC。起始密码子从ATG位于38－40残基,终止密码子TAA位于1208－1210残基。推测S8片段编码390年氨基酸多肽,分子量为44kDa。与舞毒蛾质多角体病（LdCPV)第8片段相比较,核苷酸和氨基酸同源性分别为97％和98％。与家蚕质型多角体病毒（BmCPV）第8片段相比较,核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分别为83％和85％。与人的呼肠孤病毒第8片段比较没有明显的同源性。     

马哈利樱桃PGIP cDNA克隆序列分析

以马哈利樱桃（Prunus mahaleb L.）为材料,通过RT－PCR获得了1045bp的目的段,经克隆测序,证实该片段包含1个完整的开放阅读框架,该阅读框架由990碱基组成,编码330个氨基酸。该序列与杏、梨、苹果的PGIP cDNA序列同源性分别达97.2%、83.4%和83.6%,可能编码的氨基酸与杏、梨、苹果的PGIP cDNA所编码的氨基酸的同源性分别达到96.7%、85.2%和85.2%。与已经克隆的PGIP DNA序列的对比分析表明,PGIP DNA序列中包含2个外显子和1个内含子,内含子全长147 ,符合TG－AG规律,2个外显子长度分别为581bp、464bp。     

杜氏盐藻RuBisCO小亚基基因的克隆和分析

根据莱菌衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)、团藻(Volvox carteri)、伞藻(Acetabularia cliftonii)等生物的1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶/加氧酶(RuBisCO)的小亚基rbcS基因氨基酸的高度保守序列,设计一对简并引物,进行RT-PCR.209 bp的PCR产物经测序分析及进行氨基酸序列同源性比对,表明克隆的序列为盐藻rbcS基因的cDNA片段.根据该序列信息,采用RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends) 方法扩增其5'上游未知区和3'下游未知区.5'RACE得到的cDNA长度为约300 bp,3'RACE得到的长度约380 bp.三段序列拼接后cDNA全长为878bp,其中开放读码框包括190个氨基酸.此cDNA序列,推导成氨基酸序列与已知物种的rbcS基因相比对,同源性分别为V.carteri 78%,C.reinhardtii 75%,A.cliftonii 67%,据此可推断所克隆的序列为盐藻RuBisCO的小亚基cDNA序列,GenBank收录号为AY739272.     

平颏海蛇3种短链神经毒素的基因克隆与功能比较

通过构建平颏海蛇毒腺cDNA文库得到 3个编码短链神经毒素的cDNA ,sn12、sn36和sn16 0 ,它们编码6 0个氨基酸的成熟肽 ,氨基酸序列比较表明三者之间只存在第 46位氨基酸残基的差异 ,分别为Pro4 6、His4 6和Arg4 6。在大肠杆菌中重组表达以上 3种同源序列 ,重组神经毒素SN12、SN36和SN16 0对昆明小鼠 (i.p .)的半致死剂量 (LD50 )分别是 0 .0 95 6mg/kg、0 .346 7mg/kg和 0 .2 192mg/kg ;在对昆明小鼠 (i.p .)的醋酸扭体反应镇痛实验中 ,SN12和SN16 0表现出相似的效果 ,而SN36则存在明显的差异。平颏海蛇短链神经毒素SN12、SN36和SN16 0之间只存在第 46位氨基酸残基的差异 ,在生物活性上却显示出明显的区别 ,因而推测第 46位氨基酸与短链神经毒素对烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体结合功能相关     

4个棉花ADF基因的分子鉴定及其差异表达

肌动蛋白解聚合因子(actin-depolymerizing factor, ADF)是一种在真核生物中广泛存在的低分子量的肌动蛋白结合蛋白,它在调控细胞内肌动蛋白纤丝的解聚合和再聚合中起着关键作用。我们在棉纤维cDNA文库中分离克隆了4个ADF基因(cDNAs),分别命名为GhADF2,GhADF3,GhADF4,GhADF5。GhADF2 cDNA 长度为705 bp,编码139个氨基酸;GhADF3 cDNA长度为819 bp,编码139个氨基酸;GhADF4 cDNA长度为804 bp,编码143个氨基酸;GhADF5 cDNA长度为644 bp,编码141个氨基酸。分析表明,GhADF2与GhADF3的氨基酸序列同源性为99%。而且,GhADF2/3与矮牵牛PeADF2之间的氨基酸序列同源性也高达89%。GhADF4与拟南芥AtADF6的亲缘关系较近,二者的氨基酸序列同源性为78%。GhADF5与拟南芥AtADF5的亲缘关系较近,氨基酸序列的同源性为83%。上述结果表明植物ADF基因在进化中具有高度保守性。RT-PCR分析表明,GhADF2在纤维中优势表达,而GhADF5基因则在子叶中表达量最高。另一方面,GhADF3和GhADF4似乎不具有组织特异性或偏爱性表达。同一组织中不同GhADF基因表达量有较大的差异,表明它们可能涉及棉花不同组织生长发育过程的调节。而且,在进化过程中,各ADF同分异构体之间可能发展形成某种功能上的差异性。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.