基础卵泡刺激素水平对IVF/ICSI-ET超排卵周期卵巢反应的预测价值

目的:基础卵泡刺激素(bFSH)可以刺激精子生成和促进卵子成熟,是人体内重要的激素之一。本研究针对体外受精(IVF)周期bFSH水平的变化情况,探讨bFSH对卵巢反应的预测价值,为临床研究提供理论基础。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月-2012年12月在我院生殖医学中心接受体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)治疗的154例患者的临床资料,根据基础卵泡刺激素水平分为A组(bFSH≥10 IU/L)、B组(8≤bFSH≤10 IU/L)和C组(bFSH8 IU/L)。对比分析三组对象的年龄、基础窦卵泡数(bAFC)、黄体生成素(LH)含量、FSH/LH值、促性腺激素(Gn)的用量、使用时间、受精率及临床妊娠率等。结果:三组患者的年龄、bAFC及FSH/LH相比较,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);三组的Gn用量和时间、获卵数及妊娠率比较,差异显著且具有统计学意义(P0.05);三组基础LH值及超排卵周期受精率无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:基础卵泡刺激素(bFSH)对体外受精女性的卵巢储备功能具有一定的预测价值,bFSH水平的高低可作为预测女性不孕患者超排卵周期卵巢反应性的一项重要指标,值得临床推广和应用。     

基础卵泡刺激素水平对IVF／ICSI—ET超排卵周期卵巢反应的预测价值

目的：基础卵泡刺激素（bFsH）可以刺激精子生成和促进卵子成熟,是人体内重要的激素之一。本研究针对体外受精（IVF）周期bFSH水平的变化情况,探讨bFSH对卵巢反应的预测价值,为临床研究提供理论基础。方法：回顾性分析2012年1月-2012年12月在我院生殖医学中心接受体外受精．胚胎移植（IVF—ET）治疗的154例患者的临床资料,根据基础卵泡刺激素水平分为A组CoFSH≥10IU／L）、B组（8≤bFsH≤10IU／L）和c组（bFSH〈8IU／L）。对比分析三组对象的年龄、基础窦卵泡数（bAFC）、黄体生成素（LH）含量、FSH／LH值、促性腺激素（Gn）的用量、使用时间、受精率及临床妊娠率等。结果：三组患者的年龄、bAFC及FSH／LH相比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;三组的Gn用量和时间、获卵数及妊娠率比较,差异显著且具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;三组基础LH值及超排卵周期受精率无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：基础卵泡刺激素（bFSH）对体外受精女性的卵巢储备功能具有一定的预测价值,bFSH水平的高低可作为预测女性不孕患者超排卵周期卵巢反应性的一项重要指标,值得临床推广和应用。     

基础窦卵泡数对IVF/ICSI-ET超排卵周期卵巢反应的预测价值*

摘要目的：窦卵是女性宫腔内的泡状细胞,与女性卵巢的发育及功能密切相关。本研究针对体外受精(IVF)周期中基础窦卵泡数 (antral follicle count, AFC)的变化情况,探讨AFC 对卵巢反应的预测价值,为临床研究提供理论基础。方法：回顾性分析2012 年1 月至2012 年12 月在我院生殖医学中心接受体外受精- 胚胎移植的157 例患者的临床资料,根据基础窦卵泡数将所选病例分为 A 组(bAFC逸10)和B组(bAFC＜10)。对比并分析两组研究对象的促性腺激素(Gn)的用量及使用时间、获卵数、人绒毛膜促性腺激 素(HCG)注射日的血清中雌激素(E2)水平、受精率、临床妊娠率等。结果：A 组患者的Gn 用量、HCG日E2 值、获卵数及临床妊娠 率均显著高于B 组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的年龄和基础卵泡刺激素水平差异显著且具有统计学意义(P<0.05); 两组患者的不孕原因、不孕年限及助孕方式无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论：基础窦卵泡对体外受精女性促排卵周期的卵巢反应及助 孕结局具有一定的预测价值,其数量的多少可作为促排卵过程中评价卵巢反应性的参考指标,应在临床进一步推广。     

基础窦卵泡数对IVF／ICSI-ET超排卵周期卵巢反应的预测价值

目的：窦卵是女性宫腔内的泡状细胞,与女性卵巢的发育及功能密切相关。本研究针对体外受精（IVF）周期中基础窦卵泡数（antral follicle count, AFC）的变化情况,探讨AFC 对卵巢反应的预测价值,为临床研究提供理论基础。方法：回顾性分析2012 年1月至2012 年12 月在我院生殖医学中心接受体外受精- 胚胎移植的157 例患者的临床资料,根据基础窦卵泡数将所选病例分为A 组（bAFC逸10）和B组（bAFC＜10）。对比并分析两组研究对象的促性腺激素（Gn）的用量及使用时间、获卵数、人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）注射日的血清中雌激素（E2）水平、受精率、临床妊娠率等。结果：A 组患者的Gn 用量、HCG日E2 值、获卵数及临床妊娠率均显著高于B 组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组患者的年龄和基础卵泡刺激素水平差异显著且具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;两组患者的不孕原因、不孕年限及助孕方式无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：基础窦卵泡对体外受精女性促排卵周期的卵巢反应及助孕结局具有一定的预测价值,其数量的多少可作为促排卵过程中评价卵巢反应性的参考指标,应在临床进一步推广。     

正常月经周期妇女卵泡液中激素水平的变化

本文测定了24例正常月经妇女在不同时相、不同大小卵泡的卵泡液中雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P_0)、雄烯二酮(A)、睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)和催乳素(PRL)的含量,并分析其与外周血中相应激素浓度的关系。测定结果显示:小卵泡的卵泡液中E_2、Po,FSH,LH水平低于大卵泡中水平,而A和T水平则相反。排卵前大卵泡中E_2(9815nmol/L),P_0(3316nmol/L),FSH(1.34IU/L)和LH(3.9lIU/L)达最高值。A(280nmol/L)和T(137nmol/L)却较小卵泡中水平低(相应为692nmol/L和176nmol/L)。PRL水平在大小卵泡中无显著性差异。卵泡液中甾体激素水平高于外周血7—20.000倍,FSH、LH水平为外周血的10—80％,PRL水平为60％—3倍。     

药学角度探讨和分析不同来源卵泡刺激素对体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的:比较基因重组卵泡刺激素(r-FSH)及高纯度尿源性卵泡刺激素(HP-u FSH)对体外受精-胚胎移植(IVF-ET)妊娠结局的影响,结合临床表现从药学角度探讨和分析。方法:回顾分析具IVF/单精子卵细胞浆内显微注射授精(ICSI)指诊并首次接受IVF/ICSI助孕的不孕症患者235例,以给予的FSH药物种类不同分为2组:HP-u FSH组(n=135)和r-FSH组(n=100)。主要研究指标为出生率,次要研究指标为临床妊娠率,流产率及着床率。结果:HP-u FSH组外源性促性腺激素(Gn)总量和FSH量均多于r-FSH组(P0.01),获卵数和可移植胚胎数较r-FSH组少(P0.01),受精率较r-FSH组低(P0.05)。两组平均Gn刺激天数,妊娠结局及中重度卵巢过度刺激综合征(OHSS)发生率均无统计学差异(P0.05)。对患者年龄35岁和≥35岁分别进行分组发现,年龄35岁患者中的HP-u FSH组较r-FSH组平均年龄更大,不孕年限更长,基础窦卵泡数(AFC)更少(P0.01),≥35岁患者中的HP-u FSH组与r-FSH组的基本特征(年龄,不孕年限,AFC)无统计学差异(P0.05);无论年龄35岁或年龄≥35岁,HP-u FSH组的Gn量和FSH量较r-FSH组均更大,获卵数及可移植胚胎数更少(P0.01)。结论:在IVF/ICSI周期治疗中,国产HP-u FSH与r-FSH进行COS具有等同的IVF临床妊娠率及出生率。     

血清25(OH)D、AMH和INHB联合检测在卵巢储备功能低下患者体外受精-胚胎移植妊娠结局中的应用价值

摘要 目的：血清25-羟维生素D[25(OH)D]、抗苗勒管激素（AMH）和抑制素B（INHB）联合检测在卵巢储备功能低下（DOR）患者体外受精-胚胎移植（IVR-ET）妊娠结局中的应用价值。方法：选择2019年8月~2021年10月我院行IVR-ET助孕的DOR患者292例,根据助孕后的妊娠结局分为妊娠组（n=158）和未妊娠组（n=134）,比较两组临床资料及血清25(OH)D、AMH和INHB水平,应用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评价血清25(OH)D、AMH和INHB单独及联合检测对妊娠失败的预测价值。应用单因素、多因素Logisitic回归分析妊娠失败的影响因素。结果：妊娠组血清25(OH)D、AMH、INHB水平显著高于未妊娠组（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清25(OH)D、AMH、INHB及三者联合检验对DOR患者IVR-ET妊娠失败的预测的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.714（0.631~0.802）、0.801（0.731~0.852）、0.634（0.578~0.741）、0.853（0.806~0.913）,三者联合检验对DOR患者IVR-ET妊娠失败预测AUC高于单独检验。单因素分析显示未妊娠组窦卵泡个数<5、获卵个数<8、卵泡刺激素（FSH）/黄体生成激素(LH)≥1.8、血清25(OH)D≤25.05 μg/L、血清AMH≤1.08 ng/mL、血清INHB≤84.28 pg/mL比例显著高于妊娠组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示FSH/LH≥1.8、血清25(OH)D≤25.05 μg/L、血清AMH≤1.08 ng/mL、血清INHB≤84.28 pg/mL是DOR患者IVR-ET妊娠失败的危险因素（P＜0.05）。结论：血清25(OH)D、AMH和INHB 水平较低与DOR患者IVR-ET妊娠失败有关,且联合检测上述指标水平对患者IVR-ET妊娠失败有较高的辅助预测价值。     

腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥除术前后AMH与bFSH水平的变化与临床价值

目的:对腹腔镜下行卵巢囊肿剥除术患者在手术前和手术后的AMH(anti-mullerian hormone,抗苗勒氏管激素)和bFSH(basic Follicle-stimulating hormone,基础促卵泡刺激素)含量进行测定,分析其临床意义和价值。方法:将2012年1月~2014年1月期间来我院妇产科就诊的34例卵巢巧克力囊肿患者作为研究组,上述患者经相关检查均身体状况符合腹腔镜手术的要求,并选取同期36例非巧囊患者作为对照组,2组患者均实施腹腔镜下卵巢囊肿剥离术进行治疗,并分别在手术前和手术完毕时对患者的AMH和bFSH水平进行测定。结果:研究组与对照组患者在手术完毕后AMH含量[(2.02±2.11,2.77±1.62)ng/m L]同手术前[(2.88±2.30,3.08±1.81)ng/m L]对比具有明显降低,具有统计学差异,(P0.05),研究组患者降低水平更为显著;研究组手术完毕b FSH含量(6.83±1.80)μU/m L明显高于术前(6.29±2.11)μU/m L,具有统计学差异(P0.05),而对照组患者术后血清bFSH含量同术前比较并未明显上升,无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:行腹腔镜卵巢囊肿剥除术能够使患者的卵巢储备能力下降,测定AMH较b FSH能够更好的反应出卵巢手术后卵巢储备状况。     

亚胺环己酮可模拟抑素对垂体促性腺激素的调控作用

抑素(inhibin)是由卵巢颗粒细胞或睾丸支持细胞分泌的一种糖蛋白激素,它对垂体促性腺激素具有负反馈调节作用,亚胺环己酮(cycloheximide)是一种蛋白质生物合成的强抑制剂。为了研究抑素的作用机制,作者比较了抑素(32KDa,从猪卵泡液提取)和亚胺环己酮分别对离体培养的大鼠腺垂体细胞合成与分泌促性腺激素的作用,结果表明:(1)抑素和亚胺环己酮都能抑制腺垂体卵泡刺激素(FSH)的基础分泌及细胞内 FSH 含量(ED_(50)分别为1.0ng/ml 和22.5ng/ml),但它们都不改变黄体生成素(LH)的基础分泌及细胞     

彩色多普勒超声联合性激素对性早熟女童的诊断价值及其相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨彩色多普勒超声联合性激素对性早熟女童的诊断价值及其相关性分析。方法：选择2017年10月至2019年10月我院收治的性早熟女童80例,根据促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）激发试验结果将其分为中枢性性早熟（CPP）组（n=31）,外周性性早熟（PPP）组49例（n=49）。比较两组女童的彩色多普勒超声检查结果及性激素水平,分析卵巢容积、子宫容积与性激素的相关性,并分析子宫容积、卵巢容积及FSH峰值、LH峰值、LH峰值/ FSH峰值在性早熟女童中的鉴别诊断价值。结果：CPP组女童卵巢容积、卵泡个数、最大卵泡直径、子宫容积、子宫内膜厚度、乳腺低回声团厚度均显著高于PPP组女童（P<0.05）。CPP组女童促卵泡生成素（FSH）基础值、FSH峰值、促黄体生成素（LH）基础值、LH峰值、LH峰值/ FSH峰值均显著高于PPP组女童（P<0.05）。CPP组女童卵巢容积、子宫容积与LH峰值、LH峰值/FSH峰值呈正相关（P<0.05）,PPP组女童卵巢容积、子宫容积与性激素水平无相关性（P>0.05）,两组LH峰值与LH峰值/FSH峰值均呈正相关（P<0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,子宫容积、卵巢容积、LH峰值、FSH峰值、LH峰值/ FSH峰值鉴别诊断性早熟女童的曲线下面积分别为0.834,0.804,0.753,0.802,0.873。结论：彩色多普勒超声和性激素能够为性早熟女童病情的鉴别提供重要的临床信息,两者结合应用有助于提高性早熟女童的诊断价值。     

Ectogenesis and the case against the right to the death of the foetus

Ectogenesis, or the use of an artificial womb to allow a foetus to develop, will likely become a reality within a few decades, and could significantly affect the abortion debate. We first examine the implications for Judith Jarvis Thomson’s violinist analogy, which argues for a woman’s right to withdraw life support from the foetus and so terminate her pregnancy, even if the foetus is granted full moral status. We show that on Thomson’s reasoning, there is no right to the death of the foetus, and abortion is not permissible if ectogenesis is available, provided it is safe and inexpensive. This raises the question of whether there are persuasive reasons for the right to the death of the foetus that could be exercised in the context of ectogenesis. Eric Mathison and Jeremy Davis have examined several arguments for this right, doubting that it exists, while Joona Räsänen has recently criticized their reasoning. We respond to Räsänen’s analysis, concluding that his arguments are unsuccessful, and that there is no right to the death of the foetus in these circumstances.     

On the diversity of the Cladocera in the tropics

The mythical concept of an impoverished tropical cladoceran fauna is refuted. On a planetary scale, around half of the cladoceran species presently known occur exclusively in the tropics-subtropics, often with considerable restriction to particular geographical subzones. On a regional (political) scale, the situation is often unclear because of the continued fragmentary nature of studies, and because political units are not a good basis for biogeographical comparisons. At the finest level of resolution (lake-perlake comparisons), there appears to be an upper limit of c. 50 cladoceran species per individual lake. No significant difference between lakes in the temperate zone and in the tropics could be established here. Daphnia is largely absent from the tropics, but is replaced by more Sidids, Moinids, and Bosminids, such that the average cladoceran community in the limnetic zone of a tropical lake is not characterized by less species but rather by lower population densities. This, in turn, is considered a consequence of higher prevalent predation levels in the tropics.     

Tubular networks in the terminal endings of the visual receptor cells in the human,the monkey,the cat and the dog

Summary A tubular network was found in the terminal endings of the visual receptor cells in the human, the monkey (Macaca mulatta), the cat and the dog. These tubules are arranged in close groups in the vicinity of the synaptic lamellae and the invaginated dendrites. According to the form, diameter, density of the tubules and to the consistence of the network formed by them one can distinguish at these places an initial type (type I), a transitory (type II) and a vesicular one (type III). In the the type III branching, bizarre forms are frequent. The diameter of all the tubules reaches 500–600 Å, their density and walls being the same as in the synaptic vesicles.Similar networks also occur in the axons of the visual receptor cells of the monkey.

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Zusammenfassung In den Endigungen der Photorezeptorzellen von Mensch, Affe (Macaca mulatta), Katze und Hund kommen aus Tubuli bestehende Komplexe vor. Organellenartig in geschlossenen Gruppen angeordnet, liegen sie in Nähe der synaptischen Lamellen und der invaginierten Dendriten. An diesen Stellen kann man nach Form, Durchmesser, Dichte und Konsistenz der von den Tubuli gebildeten Komplexe drei Typen unterscheiden: 1. einen initialen (Typus I), 2. einen Übergangstypus (Typus II) und 3. einen vesiculären Typus (Typus III). In letzterem kommen häufig verzweigte, bizarre Formen vor. Der Durchmesser sämtlicher Tubuli erreicht 500–600 Å. Ihre Dichte und ihre Wand gleicht denen der synaptischen Vesikel.Ähnliche Komplexe fanden wir auch in den Axonen der Photorezeptorzellen vom Affen.

     

Assessing the Physiological State of the Fucoids from the Barents Sea Littoral by the End of the Polar Night

Methods of amperometry and potentiometric titration were used to follow dark respiration (DR) and apparent photosynthesis (AP) in the fucoids Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol, Fucus vesiculosus L., and F. serratus L. from the Barents Sea littoral by the end of the 40-day-long polar night. The macroalgae were shown to manifest species-specific low rates of photosynthesis and respiration. However, in spite of their low photosynthetic status due to the effects of subzero temperature and prolonged low or zero illumination, the macroalgae have been able to restore DR and AP to the initial level already by the day 9; the ability to restore AP depended on the level of illumination. The study of the changes in the carbonate–bicarbonate system in the light and darkness demonstrated that the macroalgae grown in darkness, in contrast to those grown in twilight, could absorb bicarbonate in darkness; however, they lost this capacity after two-day-long illumination at an irradiance of 7 mol/(m² s). Bicarbonate uptake in darkness and the capacity to restore the systems of photosynthesis and respiration in fucoid cells are discussed in the context of algal energy metabolism under the polar night conditions.     

Arranging the elements of the potassium channel: the T1 domain occludes the cytoplasmic face of the channel

The voltage-gated potassium channel is currently one of the few membrane proteins where functional roles have been mapped onto specific segments of sequence. Although high-resolution structures of the transmembrane portions of three bacterial potassium channels, the tetramerization domain and the cytoplasmic ball are available, their relative spatial arrangement in mammalian channels remains a matter of ongoing debate. Cryo-electron microscopic images of the six transmembrane voltage-gated Kv channel have been reconstructed at up to 18 Å resolution, revealing that the T1 domain tetramerizes and is suspended below the transmembrane segments. However, the resolution of these images is insufficient to reveal the location of the third piece of the puzzle, the inactivating ball domain. We have used the aberrant interactions observed in a series of chimæric channels to establish that an assembled T1 domain restricts access to the cytoplasmic face of the channel, suggesting that the N-terminal ball and chain may be confined in the space between the T1 domain and the transmembrane portion of the channel.     

Separation of the pineal vesicle from the wall of the third ventricle during the post-hatching development of the chicken

Summary According to light- and electron-microscopic observations the pineal organ of the 3-day-old chicken consists of a prominent end vesicle and a tapering parenchymal stalk. During this stage the pineal lumen is in open communication with the third ventricle. However, in the 40-day-old chicken, which still possesses a well-developed end vesicle, the proximal portion of the pineal stalk displays regressive changes leading to local fragmentation. At this stage the pineal stalk is reduced, and the pineal lumen is missing. In 1-year-old chickens the parenchyma of the proximal portion of the stalk is further diminished, and in 3-year-old domestic fowl is completely displaced by bundles of collagenous fibers, only some nerve fibers being present. This post-hatching pineal development may reflect the sequence of changes leading from pineal sense organs to pineal glands.This work was supported by a grant-in-aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture of Japan     

On the Dependence of the Quadratic Risk of the Classical Predictor and the Prediction-Horizon

When constructing predictors on the basis of the linear model of time series of various indicators often the question arises on the dependence of forecasting accuracy and the changing prediction horizon. The dependency of the quadratic risk of the classical predictor and the time horizon is considered.