基于rV270抗原的鼠疫多孔微球疫苗的制备及其免疫保护作用评价

目的：评价生物可降解高分子材料多孔微球作为鼠疫亚单位疫苗佐剂的可行性。方法：制备可生物降解的高分子材料多孔微球,将rV270抗原蛋白吸附到多孔微球中制备微球疫苗,肌肉注射免疫BALB/c小鼠,初次免疫后21d加强免疫1次,于初次免疫后第10周用600LD50鼠疫耶尔森氏菌攻毒,攻毒后观察14d。结果：攻毒后,微球疫苗免疫的小鼠全部存活,且健康状况良好,对照组小鼠几乎全部死亡。结论：生物可降解多孔微球可作为免疫佐剂用于鼠疫亚单位疫苗研制。     

重组鼠疫菌V抗原的纯化及其豚鼠免疫保护力初探

采用Ni^2 亲和层析方法,对用工程化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)表达的重组鼠疫菌v抗原进行纯化,目标蛋白纯度达到90％以上。以氢氧化铝凝胶配制吸附疫苗,经二针次肌内注射免疫实验豚鼠后,对皮下注射400个致死剂量(MLD)强毒鼠疫菌攻击有一定保护效力,存活率为20％。结果表明,重组鼠疫菌V抗原有望作为改进的F1 V亚单位疫苗的主要成分。     

硫氧还蛋白抗体柱的制备

目的:探索硫氧还蛋白(Trx)抗体柱对Trx融合蛋白纯化的可行性。方法与结果:对含有Trx基因的质粒表达载体pTrxFus进行改造,在Trx读框之后加入6×His序列,并在大肠杆菌中表达C端带有6×His标签的Trx,经Ni2+柱亲和纯化后制备多克隆抗体;把经蛋白A纯化后的抗体偶联在溴化氰活化的琼脂糖凝胶上,制成Trx抗体柱;用此抗体柱纯化与Trx融合表达的豇豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂(CpTI),SDS-PAGE结果显示获得了纯度较高的Trx-CpTI。结论:用Trx抗体制成的免疫亲和层析柱可以有效纯化Trx融合蛋白。     

新型rhNDPK-A工程菌的构建及表达产物纯化研究

目的 :为简化纯化过程 ,获得有临床研究价值的rhNDPK -A蛋白 ,构建新型rhNDPK -A基因的表达质粒 ,利用 6×His标签以Ni+ -NTA亲和层析柱纯化蛋白。方法 :将抑癌基因nm2 3-H1从质粒PBVNMH1中亚克隆于带有纯化标签的表达载体pQE4 0中。IPTG诱导表达目的蛋白。通过镍离子螯合层析柱一步纯化法纯化目的蛋白。结果 :pQE - 4 0中亚克隆的nm2 3-H1序列完全正确 ;目的蛋白在大肠杆菌M15中的表达量可达 4 9.6 % ;Ni+ -NTA亲和层析柱一步纯化后蛋白纯度为 93%。结论 :构建了带有 6×His纯化标签的新型rhNDPK -A基因表达质粒pQE -nm2 3H1,所构建质粒能高效表达目的蛋白 ,利用Ni+ -NTA亲和层析柱简便高效地纯化了表达产物。     

鼠疫F1-V重组融合蛋白抗原的制备及其免疫保护效果的研究

为制备鼠疫耶尔森氏菌F1-V重组融合蛋白抗原,观察其免疫原性和免疫保护效果,通过疏水层析、阴离子交换层析、凝胶过滤层析纯化鼠疫F1-V重组融合蛋白抗原.用氢氧化铝凝胶吸附制备试验性鼠疫F1-V重组融合蛋白抗原,皮下接种健康BALB/c小鼠,ELISA检测血清F1-V抗体效价、MTT法测定淋巴细胞增殖能力,进一步用400LD50鼠疫耶尔森氏菌141标准毒株皮下攻毒,观察动物的存活情况.通过三步柱层析纯化获得的鼠疫F1-V重组融合蛋白抗原纯度达到90%以上.氢氧化铝凝胶吸附的鼠疫F1-V重组融合蛋白抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠三次,血清抗F1-V抗体效价为1∶(51200±800),对耶尔森氏菌141强毒株攻击的保护率是90%.上述结果表明,制备的鼠疫F1-V重组融合蛋白抗原具有良好的免疫原性和免疫保护效果,为研制鼠疫F1-V重组融合蛋白疫苗奠定了基础.     

鼠疫抗原LcrV在乳酸乳球菌中的表达与鉴定

目的以乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)为载体,将鼠疫抗原LcrV基因导入乳酸乳球菌内,构建重组肠道微生态菌株,作为黏膜免疫疫苗的先期探索和尝试。方法采用酸诱导P170启动子,乳酸乳球菌本身的SP310mut2信号肽,将鼠疫杆菌LcrV抗原结构基因克隆到质粒pAM J397上,电转化感受态Lactococcus lactis PSM565。结果经重组子PCR鉴定,SDS-PAGE检测,W estern-b lot鉴定,在Lactococcus lactisPSM565/pAM J397-V培养基上清中获得了38 kD的鼠疫抗原LcrV蛋白。结论在乳酸乳球菌中成功表达了鼠疫V抗原,为下一步鼠疫黏膜疫苗的研制打下基础。     

莱茵衣藻BBS8蛋白的原核表达、纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

为制备一支高特异性的莱茵衣藻BBS8兔源多克隆抗体, 研究首先在大肠杆菌中表达N-端6×His标签标记的BBS8融合蛋白(6×His::BBS8)并对其进行镍柱纯化, 而后将纯化所得6×His::BBS8蛋白免疫新西兰大白兔。免疫3次后采集少量抗血清, 利用间接ELISA法测定其效价为1﹕102400。然后, 利用protein A纯化珠对所得BBS8抗血清进行IgG亚型抗体富集, 接着利用大肠杆菌表达和纯化所得N-端MBP标签标记的BBS8(MBP::BBS8)对IgG抗血清进行抗原抗体亲和纯化。利用纯化后的anti-BBS8多克隆抗体对莱茵衣藻野生型CC-125和bbs8突变体藻种的全细胞蛋白提取物进行免疫印迹鉴定, 所得anti-BBS8多克隆抗体特异性较高, 适合用于后续莱茵衣藻BBS8蛋白功能的研究。     

幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL重组抗原的可溶性表达及其多克隆抗体的制备和分析*

目的:利用原核表达和蛋白质纯化技术获得高纯度的幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL重组抗原(rCagL),利用其制备anti-CagL多克隆抗体,并分析抗体的特异性。方法:通过生物信息学软件分析rCagL的抗原结构;利用PCR长片段DNA合成技术合成不含有信号肽序列的幽门螺杆菌致病岛CagL基因,将其插入表达质粒pCzn1中,构建重组质粒pCzn1-rCagL。然后,将pCzn1-rCagL转入大肠杆菌Arctic Express中,经IPTG诱导表达后,通过Ni-IDA镍离子亲和层析纯化重组抗原rCagL,利用Western blot鉴定rCagL与His标签抗体和Anti-H. pylori抗体的免疫反应性;最后,通过rCagL辅以弗氏佐剂免疫BALB/c小鼠,制备anti-CagL多克隆抗血清,通过ELISA方法分析抗血清的特异性。结果:生物信息学软件表明重组抗原rCagL具有较好的抗原性质;重组质粒pCzn1-rCagL经双酶切和基因测序等技术鉴定,证实rCagL核苷酸序列与理论序列完全一致;基因工程菌株pCzn1-rCagL/Arctic Express在低温11℃条件经IPTG诱导表达。 SDS-PAGE实验结果证实:rCagL可实现相对高效地可溶性蛋白表达,可溶性蛋白约占包涵体的62.07%。经Ni-IDA亲和层析柱纯化,可获得高纯度rCagL,纯度约为96.6%。Western blot结果证实:重组抗原rCagL可特异性与His标签抗体和Anti-H. pylori抗体结合。ELISA结果证实:经rCagL免疫小鼠制备的多克隆抗体anti-CagL可特异性识别rCagL和H. pylori裂解物,具有较高的抗体特异性。结论:重组抗原rCagL在低温条件下可实现可溶性表达,经纯化可获得高纯度抗原蛋白;rCagL具有较好的抗原性,制备的多克隆抗体具有较好的免疫特异性,为发展H. pylori相关诊断试剂奠定了实验基础。     

中试规模纯化重组鼠疫rF1-V融合蛋白及其免疫原性分析

重组F1-V融合蛋白(rF1-V)是目前在进行临床研究的鼠疫亚单位疫苗的主要成分。本研究摸索了rF1-V的可溶表达条件,并对条件进行了优化和放大,确定的中试发酵工艺为:在重组菌对数生长期中期加入50μmol/LIPTG,25℃诱导表达5h。通过硫酸铵分级沉淀、离子交换、疏水相互作用层析和凝胶过滤四步纯化,最终得到纯度为99%、回收率大于20%且各项检测指标合格的蛋白。在此基础上,将蛋白使用氢氧化铝佐剂进行吸附,在小鼠体内进行了免疫原性研究。ELISA测定两次皮下免疫后血清的抗体滴度。比较融合蛋白免疫组(rF1-V)与单一抗原免疫组(rF1、rV)以及联合抗原免疫组(rF1+rV)之间体液免疫反应的差异。结果显示:20μgrF1-V免疫剂量组诱导的抗F1抗体滴度明显高于其他组,抗V抗体滴度与其他组相比没有显著差异。表明本工艺制备的rF1-V抗原有望作为鼠疫亚单位疫苗的主要组分。     

LPTS抗体的制备和活性检测

LPTS是利用定位候选克隆策略 ,得到的一个新的肝相关候选肿瘤抑制基因 (anovelliver relatedputativetumorsuppressor) ,为了进一步研究其结构与功能 ,利用DNA重组技术 ,将LPTS的cDNA克隆到融合表达载体pET 2 4a中 ,在E .coli中表达 ,以Ni+柱亲和层析 ,获得纯化的 6×His LPTS融合蛋白。以此为抗原免疫新西兰大白兔获得多克隆抗体 ,ELISA法检测其滴度达 2 0 0 0 0以上 ,经亲和层析纯化 ,Western印迹结果表明 ,该纯化抗体可与真核表达的HA LPTS蛋白和内源性的LPTS蛋白特异性结合 ;免疫荧光分析显示SMMC 772 1细胞内源性表达的LPTS蛋白呈点状分布于细胞核内。以上结果表明获得了效价高 ,活性强的针对LPTS蛋白的多克隆抗体 ,可用于对LPTS的结构和功能研究。     

Histopathological observation of immunized rhesus macaques with plague vaccines after subcutaneous infection of Yersinia pestis

In our previous study, complete protection was observed in Chinese-origin rhesus macaques immunized with SV1 (20 μg F1 and 10 μg rV270) and SV2 (200 μg F1 and 100 μg rV270) subunit vaccines and with EV76 live attenuated vaccine against subcutaneous challenge with 6×10(6) CFU of Y. pestis. In the present study, we investigated whether the vaccines can effectively protect immunized animals from any pathologic changes using histological and immunohistochemical techniques. In addition, the glomerular basement membranes (GBMs) of the immunized animals and control animals were checked by electron microscopy. The results show no signs of histopathological lesions in the lungs, livers, kidneys, lymph nodes, spleens and hearts of the immunized animals at Day 14 after the challenge, whereas pathological alterations were seen in the corresponding tissues of the control animals. Giemsa staining, ultrastructural examination, and immunohistochemical staining revealed bacteria in some of the organs of the control animals, whereas no bacterium was observed among the immunized animals. Ultrastructural observation revealed that no glomerular immune deposits on the GBM. These observations suggest that the vaccines can effectively protect animals from any pathologic changes and eliminate Y. pestis from the immunized animals. The control animals died from multi-organ lesions specifically caused by the Y. pestis infection. We also found that subcutaneous infection of animals with Y. pestis results in bubonic plague, followed by pneumonic and septicemic plagues. The histopathologic features of plague in rhesus macaques closely resemble those of rodent and human plagues. Thus, Chinese-origin rhesus macaques serve as useful models in studying Y. pestis pathogenesis, host response and the efficacy of new medical countermeasures against plague.     

Design and preparation of non-tagged Yersinia pestis LcrV antigen in Escherichia coli and its immunogenicity in BALB/c mice

The whole encoding sequence for Yersinia pestis LcrV antigen was cloned into pET-32a(+) and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The LcrV was high level expressed in the E. coli cytoplasm in a completely soluble form. Recombinant LcrV could be purified from the supernatant of the bacteria lysate after chromatography using a combination of Phenyl-Sepharose F F, DEAE-Sepharose F F and Hiload Superdex 75. The final yield of approximately 3 g of purified rLcrV from 42 L bioreactor containing 25 L LB medium was obtained. High-titer IgG directed against rLcrV was detected positive after immunization on the BALB/c mice. The results presented here exhibit the ability to generate multi-gram quantities of non-tagged rLcrV from E. coli that can be used for the development of vaccine for preventing plague.     

Prophylactic use of ceftriaxone in combination with F I antigen immunization in studies on uninbred albino mice infected by Yersinia pestis. Antiplague immunity development]

Administration of highly immunogenic (ED50 12.6 mcg/mouse) F I antigen (100 mcg/mouse) to albino mice 5 hours after their contamination approximately with 1000 LD50 of Yersinia pestis 231 provided 99-percent survival of same animals (17-50%) and 2-5-day prolongation of the life-span, that was indicative of the phenomenon analogous to the survival phenomenon observed in infected animals immunized by immunogenic strains of the plague microbe. The experiment on the mice confirmed high efficacy of ceftriaxone (100-percent survival) when used prophylactically for 5 days 5 hours after the contamination by Y. pestis 231 (approximately 1000 LD50) in the dose equivalent to the daily dose for humans. However, no antiplague immunity developed in the survivors: the immunity index (II) of 1.5x10. The use of ceftriaxone according to the same scheme simultaneously with single immunization by F I antigen in a dose of 100 mcg/mouse resulted not only in 100-percent survival of the animals but also in development of expressing antiplague immunity (II 2.2x10(5)). The protection level corresponded to the control with the same live-stock of the animals after a single immunization in the analogous dose of F I antigen (II 3.2x10(4)) and the ceftriaxone use (II 1.0x10(5)), as well as after immunization of the mice by 10(6) microbial cells of Y. pestis EV NIIEG (II 1.2x10(5)). The results of the study are indicative of the prospective use of subsingle vaccines of the new generation based on F I antigen for combined specific and urgent prophylaxis.     

鼠疫溶菌疫苗免疫小鼠的体液免疫应答

为选择以F1抗原为主要有效成分的鼠疫溶菌疫苗(Whole cell lysate of Yersinia pestis vaccine,WCLY)的免疫程序,设计了这组试验。在37℃培养鼠疫EV菌,通过超声波裂解法制备鼠疫溶菌疫苗。设计(0,2周)、(0,4周)、(0,2,4周)三种免疫程序,以每剂总蛋白量7.9μg、31.5μg和126.0μg三个剂量皮下接种NIH小鼠。分别在第一针免疫后2、4、8、12周采集血清,通过间接ELISA检测抗鼠疫菌F1抗原和总抗原抗体。结果显示:免疫后血清抗体上升很快,2周内即可测出;无论哪种免疫程序,至12周时抗体滴度仍保持高水平;加强免疫后,抗体水平在4周或8周达到较高,可与活疫苗免疫者相比;溶菌疫苗的接种剂量为7.9μg时,动物只出现轻度不良反应。提示鼠疫溶菌疫苗需要两剂免疫,最短可间隔2周,接种剂量应不超过7.9μg,疫苗中应富含F1抗原。     

重组鼠疫耶尔森菌LcrV抗原原液性质研究

目的进行重组鼠疫耶尔森菌LcrV抗原原液二聚体含量及性质研究,确定LcrV原液的相关质控标准。方法在不同缓冲体系(0.85%NaCl(NS)、20 mmol/L PBS),不同蛋白浓度(2.0、1.5、1.0、0.5、0.1 mg/mL)及不同保存温度(4℃、-20℃、-70℃)条件下保存LcrV抗原,采用SDS-PAGE和HPSEC方法定期检测LcrV二聚体含量及纯度。将连续三批检定合格的LcrV抗原原液进行质谱相对分子质量测定、等电点测定、N末端氨基酸序列测定、圆二色(CD)谱、HPLC肽谱及氨基酸组成分析,研究LcrV抗原的相关性质。结果随着保存时间的延长LcrV抗原二聚体含量增加,低温保存时二聚体不易大量形成。在-20℃和-70℃条件下,NS保存的LcrV抗原比PBS体系保存稳定,而在4℃条件下NS保存的LcrV抗原容易降解。LcrV抗原高浓度保存容易发生聚合。LcrV抗原在低质量浓度(0.1 mg/mL)保存时免疫学活性明显下降。质谱检测到LcrV单体和二聚体共同存在,且与理论相对分子质量一致。LcrV原液检测等电点范围为4.6～6.3。N末端测序、CD谱、HPLC肽谱图及氨基酸组成分析与理论结果一致。结论 LcrV抗原原液保存条件确定为:NS体系,蛋白质量浓度1.0～2.0 mg/mL,-20℃以下冻存。制备的LcrV抗原各项检测结果与理论结果一致,抗原性质稳定。     

A new purification strategy for fraction 1 capsular antigen and its efficacy against Yersinia pestis virulent strain challenge

F1 antigen is an attractive candidate for the development of a subunit vaccine against plague. In previous study, the extraction of this antigen from Yersinia pestis is characterized by using organic solvents. In this work, a new purification strategy that produced high-purity F1 antigen from Y. pestis EV76 was developed by the substitution of physical disruption for organic solvent one, followed by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation and Sephacryl S-200HR column filtration chromatography. As revealed in this study, this purification procedure is simple and effective, and avoids potential adverse effect on the antigen by organic solvents. Highly purified F1 that adsorbed to 25% (v/v) Al(OH)3 adjuvant in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) induced very high titers of antibody to F1 in BALB/c mice and protected them (100% survival) against subcutaneous challenge with 10(4) CFU of Y. pestis virulent strain 141.     

Attachment of LcrV from Yersinia pestis at dual binding sites to human TLR-2 and human IFN-gamma receptor

The virulence antigen (V-antigen, LcrV) of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of bubonic plague, is an established protective antigen known to regulate, target, and mediate type III translocation of cytotoxic yersiniae outer proteins termed Yops; LcrV also prompts TLR2-dependent upregulation of anti-inflammatory IL-10. In this study, we determined the parameters of specific interaction of LcrV with TLR2 expressed on human transfected HEK293 cells (TLR2+/CD14-), VTEC2.HS cells (TLR2+/CD14-), primary monocytes (TLR2+/CD14+), and THP-1 cells (TLR2+/CD14+). The IRRL314-317 motif of the extracellular domain of human and mouse TLR2 accounted for high-affinity binding of LcrV. The CD14 co-receptor did not influence this interaction. LcrV did not bind to human U937 (TLR2-/CD14-) and alveolar macrophages (TLR2-/CD14+) in the absence of receptor-bound human IFN-gamma or a synthetic C-terminal fragment (hIFN-gamma132-143). The latter, but not mouse IFN-gamma (or synthetic control peptides), shared a GRRA138-141 site necessary for high-affinity specific binding. LcrV of Y. pestis shares the N-terminal LEEL32-35 binding site of Yersinia enterocolitica and also has an exposed internal DEEI203-206 binding site. Comparison of binding constants and consideration of steric restrictions indicate that binding is not cooperative and only the internal site binds LcrV to target cells. Both the LEEL32-35 and DEEI203-206 binding sites are removed by five amino acids from DKN residues associated with biological activity of bound LcrV. LcrV of Y. pestis promoted both TLR2/CD14-dependent and TLR2/CD14-independent amplification of IL-10 and concomitant downregulation of TNF-alpha in human target cells. The ability of LcrV to utilize human IFN-gamma (a major inflammatory effector of innate immunity) to minimize inflammation is insidious and may account in part for the severe symptoms of plague in man.     

The weak interaction of LcrV and TLR2 does not contribute to the virulence of Yersinia pestis

Yersinia pestis and the enteropathogenic Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Yersinia enterocolitica share the virulence-antigen LcrV. Previously, using reverse genetics we have proven that LcrV contributes to the virulence of Y. enterocolitica serotype O:8 by inducing IL-10 via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2). However, both the ability of Y. pestis LcrV to activate TLR2 and a possible role of TLR2-dependent IL-10 induction by LcrV in Y. pestis are not yet known. To eliminate interference from additional protein sequences, we produced LcrVs without affinity tags from Y. pestis and from Y. enterocolitica O:8 (LcrVO:8). LcrVO:8 was much more potent in TLR2-activity than Y. pestis LcrV. To analyse the role of TLR2 in plague, we infected both wild-type and TLR2-/- mice subcutaneously with Y. pestis GB. While TLR2-/- mice exhibited lower blood levels of IL-10 (day 2 post-infection) and of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and MCP-1 (day 4) than wild-type mice, there was no significant difference in survival. The low TLR2-activity of Y. pestis LcrV and associated cytokine expression might explain why - in contrast to Y. enterocolitica O:8 infection - TLR2-deficient mice are not more resistant than wild-type mice in a bubonic plague model.