STORM和STED显微成像技术特点的比较

随机光学重建显微镜(stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy,STORM)技术和受激发射损耗(stimulated emission depletion,STED)显微镜技术是近年来发展迅速的两种超分辨率荧光显微镜技术。这两种技术均提供超越传统荧光显微镜分辨率成像的功能,具有多色显像,三维成像以及活细胞内成像的潜力。在这篇综述中,我们关注两种技术荧光控制、激光强度等技术参数设定,同时结合样品制备、图像采集与处理等流程优化对比两者在分辨率、图像采集时间及具体应用中的优劣。STORM可获得更高的三维分辨率,但可能需要更长的图像采集时间。STED需要较高损耗光强度,却能在图像采集后立即生成超分辨率图像,不需要额外图像数据处理。最终,选择STORM和STED不仅取决于技术的具体应用,还取决于操作者优化各环节技术参数的能力,从而决定图像质量。     

运用结构光照明的活细胞超高分辨率成像技术

<正>进入21世纪以来出现了多种超高分辨率荧光成像技术,打破了光学分辨率的极限,将光学分辨率提高到几十纳米的尺度,可以用来观察精细的细胞内器官的结构和位置信息,因此被广泛地应用于生物学研究中.超高分辨率荧光成像技术主要分为三大类,基于受激发射光淬灭(stimulated emission depletion,STED)技术,基于单分子开关的超高分辨率定位技术(包括光激活定位显微成像术     

基于受激发射损耗显微术的活细胞和活体超分辨成像

细胞作为生命体基本的结构和功能单元，在生物、医学等领域有着非常重要的研究意义。随着现代科学和技术的发展，科学家们借助电镜对细胞以及细胞器的空间结构已经有非常清晰的认识，但是对它们的功能以及细胞之间的相互作用却了解得非常少，而这恰恰又是疾病治疗和药物开发亟需了解的信息，因此对离体活细胞（简称活细胞）和活体生物组织细胞（简称活体细胞）中亚细胞器的研究变得非常重要。然而细胞中许多细胞器的结构在纳米量级，传统的光学成像技术由于受到光学衍射极限的限制是无法观察到纳米量级的生物结构，因此光学超分辨成像技术是目前研究亚细胞器结构和功能的有效工具。在所有光学超分辨显微技术中，受激发射损耗显微术（stimulated emission depletionmicroscopy,STED）由于具有实时成像、三维超分辨和断层成像的能力，非常适合用于纳米尺度的活细胞和活体细胞成像研究，而且STED超分辨成像技术经过近几十年的发展，已经广泛用于活细胞甚至活体小鼠细胞的超分辨动态观测。本文总结了近年来活细胞和活体小鼠神经元细胞等领域STED超分辨成像的研究进展，介绍了用于活细胞和活体细胞STED超分辨成像的荧光染料...     

基于三通道的超分辨率显微镜成像

显微技术经过快速发展，已经突破了光学衍射极限，目前主要包含受激发射损耗显微术（STED）、结构光照明显微镜（SIM）、光激活定位显微成像（PALM）、随机光学重构显微术（STORM）、基于最少光子数的纳米尺度定位（MINFLUX）、结合结构光照明技术的MINFLUX技术变体（SIMFLUX）等技术。STORM技术具有优越性，在其基础上叠加多色成像技术（目前有6种），本文介绍了目前最新的多色成像技术以及分光成像实现的三通道成像技术。分光成像实现的三通道成像存在光谱串色、通道对齐误差等影响，基于此介绍了相关的优化算法原理。展示了在三通道STORM显微成像平台上实现的COS-7细胞成像。说明三通道STORM显微成像的优越性。     

几种超分辨率荧光显微技术的原理和近期进展

在生命科学领域,人们常常需要在细胞内精确定位特定的蛋白质以研究其位置与功能的关系．多年来,宽场/共聚焦荧光显微镜的分辨率受限于光的阿贝/瑞利极限,不能分辨出200 nm以下的结构．近年来,随着新的荧光探针和成像理论的出现,研究者开发了多种实现超出普通共聚焦显微镜分辨率的三维超分辨率成像方法．主要介绍这些方法的原理、近期进展和发展趋势．介绍了光源的点扩散函数(point spread function, PSF)的概念和传统分辨率的定义,阐述了提高xy平面分辨率的方法．通过介绍单分子荧光成像技术,引入了单分子成像定位精度的概念,介绍了基于单分子成像的超分辨率显微成像方法,包括光激活定位显微技术(photoactivated localization microscopy, PALM)和随机光学重构显微技术(stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, STORM)．介绍了两大类通过改造光源的点扩散函数来提高成像分辨率的方法,分别是受激发射损耗显微技术(stimulated emission depletion, STED)和饱和结构照明显微技术(saturated structure illumination microscopy, SSIM)．比较了不同的z轴提取信息的方法,并阐述了这些方法与xy平面上的超分辨率显微成像技术相结合所得到的各种三维超分辨率显微成像技术的优劣．探讨了目前超分辨率显微成像的发展极限和方向．     

近场光学显微术在生物大分子探测与功能研究中的应用

近场光学显微术是唯一一种具有单分子探测灵敏度,且在对生物样品研究时无损伤的一门新兴的高分辨光学显微术,它是根据近场光学理论在扫描探针显微术的基础上发展起来的。它突破了传统光学显微术衍射极限的限制,可在不损伤样品的情况下同时获得其形貌像和光学像,故在探测单个生物分子并研究其结构和功能以及分子间的相互作用等方面具有显著优势。本文主要介绍近几年来近场光学显微术在生物分子探测和功能研究,以及在分子生物学研究中的应用与进展。     

超高分辨率显微技术研究进展CSCD

光学显微成像具有极为悠久的历史,但一直以来,光学成像一直受到衍射极限的限制而分辨率无法突破200 nm。近年来,超高分辨率显微技术的发展使得光学显微成像分辨率达到了20 nm以下。值得庆贺的是,德国科学家Stefan Hell、美国科学家Eric Betzig和William Moerner因其在超高分辨率显微技术方面的突出贡献获得了2014年的诺贝尔化学奖。在这篇文章中,我们就简要介绍一下超高分辨率显微技术的发展和应用,并带领读者一同寻访大师的科学足迹。     

超高分辨率显微技术研究进展

光学显微成像具有极为悠久的历史,但一直以来,光学成像一直受到衍射极限的限制而分辨率无法突破200 nm。近年来,超高分辨率显微技术的发展使得光学显微成像分辨率达到了20 nm以下。值得庆贺的是,德国科学家Stefan Hell、美国科学家Eric Betzig和William Moerner因其在超高分辨率显微技术方面的突出贡献获得了2014年的诺贝尔化学奖。在这篇文章中,我们就简要介绍一下超高分辨率显微技术的发展和应用,并带领读者一同寻访大师的科学足迹。     

生物单分子探测与成像的新进展

生物单分子研究是分子生物学向更深层次发展的自然趋势。从上世纪末开始,由于研究单分子技术的不断发展,这一领域已取得了许多重要成果。近年来活细胞内单分子过程的揭示成为关注的焦点。丈章仅从基因表达的研究、用受激发射损耗（STED）成像研究细胞膜、胞浆中单个分子的追踪以及单分子力谱在细胞生物学中的应用等几个方面说明本领域发展的现状。     

基于非线性热扩散效应的亚衍射极限光声二次谐波显微成像技术

本文提出了一种基于非线性热扩散效应的光声二次谐波显微SH-PAM成像技术,用于实现亚衍射极限光声成像。生物组织受到强度调制的高斯激光束辐射时,组织吸收光子形成高斯分布的温度场,由于热扩散系数非线性热效应引起的非线性光声PA效应,从而产生光声二次谐波信号。模拟和试验结果均表明,重建后的光声二次谐波成像的横向分辨率超过了传统光学成像分辨率。本文通过仿体样品验证了该方法的可行性,并且对人表层皮肤细胞进行了成像,以证明其对生物样品的成像能力。该方法扩展了传统光声成像的范围,为超分辨成像开辟了新的可能性,为生物医学成像和材料检测提供了新的方法。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.