γ辐射对红细胞膜流动性的影响

我们实验以红细胞膜作为材料,使用ANS和DPH荧光探针测量红细胞膜的荧光强度和偏振度。发现γ辐照红细胞膜剂量从4.6×10~3拉德增至148×10~3拉德,而ANS和DPH的荧光强度随剂量的增加而降低,荧光偏振度随剂量的增加而增加,这些结果表明γ辐照引起红细胞膜流动性降低。但荧光强度的减少并不伴随荧光光谱的变化。ANS与γ辐照的膜结合量也没有改变,因此荧光强度的减少可能是由于在辐照的膜中ANS荧光量子产率的降低。在我们的实验中γ辐射对ANS探针所引起的荧光变化较DPH灵敏,看来γ辐射首先影响膜蛋白。     

没食子酸丙酯和没食子酸异丁酯对人红细胞膜结构与功能的影响

本文应用荧光探剂ANS(1—苯胺—8萘磺酸)、NPN(N—苯基—1—萘胺)和DPH(1.6—二苯基—1.3.5—已三烯)观察没食子酸丙醋和没食子酸异丁酯对人红细胞膜流动性和相变温度以及Na~ -K~ ATP酶活性的影响.实验结果指出该两种化合物均能:(1)降低与膜结合的荧光探剂强度但不改变探剂在水相与膜相的分配比例:(2)降低膜脂的相变温度,增加膜的流动性;(3)抑制红细胞膜Na~ -K~ ATP酶活性;(4)标记红细胞膜的DPH偏振度随化合物浓度的增加而降低,膜的流动性增加.在给定的浓度范围内,两种化合物的效应表现为明显的量效关系与构效关系.从上述结果推测该两种化合物可能是通过改变膜脂结构、膜蛋白的脂类环境而调节膜的功能,成为其治疗疾病的机理之一.     

用稳态荧光探针研究竹红菌乙素光敏损伤对人红细胞膜流动性的影响

本文以红细胞膜为材料,用了三种稳态荧光探针研究了HB光敏作用引起人红细胞膜流动性的改变.实验结果表明在HB光敏作用下,膜的旋转扩散速度和侧向扩散速度均发生明显变化,ANS和DPH探针测得HB引起膜流动性降低,也就是膜粘度增加,用芘探针结果则表明膜的侧向扩散变慢.本文还对HB光敏作用的机理进行了探讨,我们观察了数种单重态氧猝灭剂,羟自山基猝灭剂和抗氧化剂对于光敏作用的影响,分别测定了膜流动性和膜的内源荧光的变化,发现在HB光敏作用中,除了~1O_2的作用之外,还存在其它自由基的作用.在HB与HA光敏能力的比较中发现,在比较高一些浓度条件下,存在着HB大于HA的趋向.     

亚硒酸钠抗红细胞膜蛋白交联作用的机理探讨

邻苯二酚氧化处理人红细胞膜会导致膜蛋白交联,产生高分子聚合物(HMP)。用N—乙基马来酰胺(NEM)封闭膜蛋白硫基,则不产生HMP。预先用Na SeO_3(0.05mol/L)处理红细胞膜,也同样不产生HMP。用N—(3-芘)马来酰胺(N-〔3-P〕NEM)标记红细胞膜来测试不同浓度Na_2SeO_3对荧光强度的影响。结果表明,随着Na SeO_3浓度增高荧光强度相应降低。Na_2SeO_3对红细胞膜的预处理时间和荧光强度的变化有关。经Na SeO_3处理的红细胞膜ESR谱提示了Na_2SeO_3与材相互作用有关。用荧光法测定膜结合硒含量表明,Na_2SeO_3处理红细胞膜可导致膜结合硒含量增高。推测,Na SeO_3很可能与膜蛋白疏基作用形成结合硒,从而起到抗膜蛋白交联作用。     

用N-3芘NEM标记巯基研究高铁卟啉化合物对红细胞膜蛋白的影响

N-(3芘)马来酰亚胺(N-3芘NEM)是一种特异标记蛋白质巯基的荧光探针,可通过荧光强度测定巯基含量。本文用不同浓度的高铁卟啉处理红细胞膜,再用N-3芘NEM标记,发现随浓度加大,巯基含量减少,与化学法测定结果一致,说明高铁卟啉可使膜蛋白巯基交联。用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法做N-3芘NEM标记的红细胞膜,通过荧光扫描确定N-3芘NEM与红细胞膜区带1、2及3结合。     

用稳态荧光探针研究竹红菌乙素光敏损伤对人红细胞膜流动性的影响

本文以红细胞膜为材料,用了三种稳态荧光探针研究了HB光敏作用引起人红细胞膜流动性的改变.实验结果表明在HB光敏作用下,膜的旋转扩散速度和侧向扩散速度均发生明显变化,ANS和DPH探针测得HB引起膜流动性降低,也就是膜粘度增加,用芘探针结果则表明膜的侧向扩散变慢.本文还对HB光敏作用的机理进行了探讨,我们观察了数种单重态氧猝灭剂,羟自山基猝灭剂和抗氧化剂对于光敏作用的影响,分别测定了膜流动性和膜的内源荧光的变化,发现在HB光敏作用中,除了~1O_2的作用之外,还存在其它自由基的作用.在HB与HA光敏能力的比较中发现,在比较高一些浓度条件下,存在着HB大于HA的趋向.     

膜蛋白巯基的氧化还原修饰对红细胞膜粘弹特性的影响

以正常人红细胞为样本,用巯基反应试剂对膜蛋白巯基进行氧化－还原修饰;用微管吸吮技术和生化分析,研究红细胞膜粘弹特性与膜蛋白巯基间的相关性。结果表明：在二酰胺（ｄｉａｍｉｄｅ）氧化修饰下,膜蛋白巯基含量降低,膜弹性膜量μ和粘性系数η均增加,而且随二酰胺浓度增加,它们的变化程度越大;在巯基乙醇还原修饰下,膜蛋白巯基含量增加,而弹性膜量μ和粘性系数η都降低;膜蛋白巯基含量与膜粘弹性系数μ和η呈负线性相关。根据实验结果,本文就引起红细胞膜粘弹特性变化的膜基团反应机制,进行了初步的分析和讨论     

竹红菌甲素对红细胞膜内脂双层的微扰

本文以荧光探针为手段,以人红细胞膜为材料,测量了膜偏振度的改变,荧光探针能量转移,荧光峰的蓝移和甲素激发峰的分裂。结果表明在有竹红菌甲素存在时,红细胞膜偏振度增加,探针荧光强度减小,荧光峰蓝移。甲素浓度增加时,上述现象更加明显,即它们之间有正的相关关系。同时,甲素激发光谱的a带发生分裂。据此,我们认为甲素对红细胞膜内脂双层产生明显微扰,甲素与红细胞膜间存在着相互作用。在甲素浓度较大时,它主要是渗入到红细胞膜脂双层的深层部位(膜脂肪酸链的12—16位)。     

钒对人红细胞膜蛋白和膜脂质过氧化的影响

对钒酸根V（V）与红细胞膜相互作用研究表明V（V）使膜蛋白内源荧光淬灭（KD,37＝2．23,KD,20＝4．17）和膜巯基含量降低,但对膜脂质过氧化影响较小,提示V（V）主要与膜蛋白作用．与V（V）不同,V（V）与红细胞膜的作用虽使膜蛋白就基含量下降,但不显著,其主要作用是引起膜脂质过氧化．     

类脂过氧化对竹红菌甲素引起膜蛋白光敏交联的影响

本文研究了丙二醛与红细胞膜温育后所形成的交联。当丙二醛浓度在5×10~-4mol/L以上时,膜蛋白发生交联,并且在460nm处有荧光特征峰出现。而甲素光敏所致膜蛋白的交联,在460nm处没有荧光峰,光敏所产生的内源丙二醛量很少,不足以引起红细胞膜反应形成交联。我们还研究了BHT和Vit E两种抗氧化剂对甲素光敏作用的影响。BHT能抑制类脂过氧化,不能抑制膜蛋白巯基的变化和膜蛋白的交联。而Vit E仅不能抑制膜蛋白的交联。以上结果均说明甲素光敏所致膜类脂过氧化是不参与膜蛋白交联的。     

膜融合剂对脂质体及血影膜膜流动性的影响

本文用荧光探针ANS,DPH与A研究了几种膜融合剂对脂质体与血影膜流动性的影响.蔗糖使PS脂质体的脂双层流动性降低,探针越是在极性区流动性越小,说明蔗糖主要作用于脂双层的极性区;蔗糖也使血影膜流动性降低,此作用是可逆的.油酸甘油脂(GMO)使PS脂质体的流动性增加,且越是在疏水区内部,流动性增加得越大,说明GMO主要是作用于脂双层的非极性区:GMO也使血影膜流动性增加,此作用是不可逆的.二甲亚砜(DMSO)对血影膜的作用,两种不同荧光探针不一样,对DPH的作用出现双相让,低浓度与高浓度的作用结果分别与蔗糖和GMO的作用一致.     

Effects of a series of alcohols on the binding of a fluorescent dye to erythrocyte membranes.

1. The effects of a series of aliphatic alcohols (methanol to octanol) on membrane proteins of erythrocytes were studied by monitoring the flueorescence of a dye (1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS)) that adsorbs to erythrocyte ghost membranes. Low concentrations of all the alcohols reduced the ANS fluorescence of the membrane-ANS suspensions; lent to those which protect against hypotonic hemolysis on intact erythrocytes; higher concentrations markedly increased the fluorescence. Ethanol and methanol decreased ANS fluorescence at all concentrations. 2. Lytic concentrations of saponin did not increase ANS fluorescence and did not modify the membrane action of the alcohols. 3. None of these effects were observed in liposomes prepared from lipid extracts of the erythrocyte membrane. 4. Since the apparent dissociation constant for the ANS-membrane interaction was unchanged in the presence of the alcohols, it was assumed that the fluorescence changes anesthetic concentration of the alcohols alter the conformation of membrane proteins, as indicated by the decreased number of ANS binding sites.     

Partial characterization of the 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulfonate-adrenochrome semicarbazide interaction site in erythrocyte ghost membrane fragments.

The effect of adrenochrome semicarbazide on the conformation of erythrocyte ghost membranes has been studied by ANS fluorescence, lipid and sulfhydryl spin labels and circular dichroism. No large conformational alterations in the membrane were detected by these techniques. Noncompetitive quenching of ANS fluorescence by ADCS suggests ADCS to interact with the membrane at sites close to the ANS binding domain.     

DPH标记细胞膜的动力学与膜脂流动性的荧光偏振校正测量

用稳态荧光技术测得经过校正的荧光成分,由此算出用DPH标记的细胞膜的偏振度。方法是作荧光偏振值在随时间变化的曲线,将其外推至零标记时间求出该时间的荧光偏振值。用此法测定了艾氏腹水癌细胞的膜流动性。结果表明流动性比用整个细胞测得之值小,说明膜脂的有序程度和包装密度比胞浆中的脂大。实验结果和用三房空模型分析所得的理论值符合较好,提示荧光探剂的标记过程主要受分子扩散所控制。     

抗生素对莱氏衣原体膜流动性和Mg~(2+)-ATPase活性的影响

本文以莱氏衣原体AIH089为材料,用DPH荧光偏振等技术研究红霉素和土霉素对莱氏衣原体膜流动性和Mg~(2+)-ATPase活性的影响,并用聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳技术进一步分析膜蛋白的组成,发现红霉素和土霉素能使莱氏衣原体膜的流动性显著增加,使Mg~(2+)-ATPase活性显著降低。红霉素和土霉素对莱氏衣原体膜流动性和膜上Mg~(2+)-ATPase活性的影响与它们的抑菌能力有很好的相关性。     

Fluorescence study on the interaction of salicylate with rat small intestinal epithelial cells: possible mechanism for the promoting effects of salicylate on drug absorption in vivo

The water-soluble drug, salicylate, was rapidly taken up by rat small intestinal epithelial cells. Salicylate, known to enhance the absorption of poorly absorbable drugs by rectum and small intestine, caused a significant decrease in the fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and a slight increase in the fluorescence polarization of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid (ANS) in the isolated rat small intestinal epithelial cell suspension. An increase in the membrane fluidity of epithelial cells may possibly contribute to the enhancement of drug absorption by salicylate.     

Resolution of plasma membrane lipid fluidity in intact cells labelled with diphenylhexatriene

The partitioning of fluorescence probes into intracellular organelles poses a major problem when fluorescence methods are applied to evaluate the fluidity properties of cell plasma membranes with intact cells. This work describes a method for resolution of fluidity parameters of the plasma membrane in intact cells labelled with the fluorescence polarization probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). The method is based on selective quenching, by nonradiative energy transfer, of the fluorescence emitted from the plasma membrane after tagging the cell with a suitable membrane impermeable electron acceptor. Such selective quenching is obtained by chemical binding of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate (TNBS), or by incorporation of $\text{N-}\text{bixinoyl}$ glucosamine (BGA) to DPH-labelled cells. The procedures for determination of lipid fluidity in plasma membranes of intact cells by this method are simple and straightforward.     

Antioxidant effect of dipyridamole (DIP) and its derivative RA 25 upon lipid peroxidation and hemolysis in red blood cells

The antioxidant effects of dipyridamol (DIP), a coronary vasodilator, and its derivative RA-25 were compared in intact red blood cells (RBC) and in isolated ghost membranes. Both compounds are quite effective antioxidants in cumene hydroperoxide-induced lipid peroxidation of RBC, showing a much smaller effect for hydrogen peroxide oxidation. The antioxidant effect of DIP was considerably higher than that of RA25. For isolated ghost membranes, the apparent IC50 (the drug concentration that produces 50% inhibition of lipid peroxidation) in cumene hydroperoxide-induced peroxidation was 25 microM, while the maximum protective effect of RA-25 was around 30% in the drug concentration range of 50-100 microM. The drugs can protect the oxidative hemolysis induced by cumene hydroperoxide with a lower effect when the hemolysis is induced by H2O2. The significant antioxidant effect against damages induced by cumene hydroperoxide suggests that DIP, due to its lipophilic character, can interact with RBC membranes, and the protective effect is associated with the binding of the drug to the membrane. On the other hand, RA-25 is more hydrophilic than DIP, binds to the membrane to a smaller extent, and, for this reason, has a lower antioxidant effect.     

Microenvironment changes of human blood platelet membranes associated with fibrinogen binding

Alterations in the membrane organization caused by fibrinogen binding to human blood platelets and their isolated membranes were analyzed by fluorescence and electron spin resonance measurements. The degree of fluorescent anisotropy of DPH, ANS and fluorescamine increased significantly when fibrinogen reacted with its membrane receptors. Both fluorescence and ESR analyses showed that fibrinogen binding to platelet membranes is accompanied by an increase of the membrane lipid rigidity. This effect seems to be indirect in nature and is mediated by altered membrane protein interactions. As it has been shown that an increased membrane lipid rigidity leads to a greater exposure of membrane proteins, including fibrinogen receptors, this might facilitate a formation of molecular linkages between neighboring platelets. On the other hand, changes of fluorescence anisotropy of membrane tryptophans and N-(3-pyrene) maleimide suggest the augmented mobility of the membrane proteins. Evidence is presented which indicated that the binding of fibrinogen to the membrane receptors is not accompanied by any changes in the fluorescence intensity of ANS attached to the membranes. It may suggest that the covering of platelets with fibrinogen does not influence the surface membrane charge. In contrast to fibrinogen, calcium ions caused an increase of the fluorescence intensity resulting from the more efficient binding of ANS to the platelet membranes.