采自中国秦岭的拟蜡伞属1新种

秦岭地区生物多样性丰富,存在许多亟待开发的大型真菌资源。描述了1种来自秦岭的拟蜡伞属大型真菌新种——宁陕拟蜡伞Hygrophoropsis ningshanica。形态特征结合系统发育分析结果表明,该物种属于橙黄拟蜡伞复合群。该新种的主要特征：子实体呈橙黄色,菌褶延生,担孢子椭圆形至长椭圆形,大小为5.5～6.5×3.5～4.0μm,非淀粉质。进行了采自秦岭拟蜡伞新种的ITS和LSU序列系统发育分析,提供了新种的照片与描述,并讨论了新种与相似物种的鉴别特征。     

中国蜡伞科云片衣属和地衣小荷叶属担子地衣（英文）

本文报道了中国蜡伞科担子地衣2个属4个种,其中包含1个新种和1个中国新记录种,新种为云南云片衣Dictyonema yunnanum,新记录种即为亚洲新记录种,灰盖地衣小荷叶Lichenomphalia velutina。云南云片衣的主要鉴别特征为:地衣体呈蓝绿色纤维状,纤维尖端白色至银白色,直立。本文对所研究的物种进行了详细形态描述并给出了每种的外形特征图,提供了中国蜡伞科担子地衣已知物种检索表。     

缅甸北部克钦白垩纪中期琥珀中的蜡蝉化石一新属新种: Ayaimatum trilobatum gen. et sp. nov.(半翅目: 蜡蝉总科: 拟蛛蜡蝉科)

根据缅甸北部克钦地区产出的白垩纪中期琥珀中保存的蜡蝉,建立了1新属1新种——三瓣残缺蜡蝉(Ayaimatum trilobatum gen. et sp. nov.),该新属新种属于白垩纪的拟蛛蜡蝉科(Mimarachnidae)。本文对拟蛛蜡蝉科的属种记录进行了综述,同时探讨了这一灭绝科属种的多样性和形态分异。     

中国蛾蜡蝉科一新记录属并记一新种(半翅目:蛾蜡蝉科:涩蛾蜡蝉族)

报道了中国新记录属长蛾蜡蝉属Gomeda Distant,1906,该属隶属于蛾蜡蝉科Flatidae、涩蛾蜡蝉族Selizini,综述了该属的分类研究历史,并记述1新种——素长蛾蜡蝉Gomeda unicolorata,sp.nov.,提供了新种的形态和雌性外生殖器特征图,编制了本属分种检索表。新种模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS DICTΥOPHARINA MELICHAR (HEMIPTERA, FULGOROIDEA, DICTYOPHARIDAE) FROM CHINA

记述采自中国海南、贵州、广东的短象蜡蝉属Dictyopharina Melichar(半翅目,蜡蝉总科,象蜡蝉科,象蜡蝉亚科)1新种,即六突短象蜡蝉D.hexasaca sp.nov..编制了短象蜡蝉属分种检索表,提供了新种的鉴别特征图.新种模式标本保存于贵州大学昆虫研究所.     

中国短象蜡蝉属一新种记述(半翅目,蜡蝉总科,象蜡蝉科)

记述采自中国海南、贵州、广东的短象蜡蝉属Dictyopharina Melichar(半翅目,蜡蝉总科,象蜡蝉科,象蜡蝉亚科)1新种,即六突短象蜡蝉D.hexasaca sp.nov.。编制了短象蜡蝉属分种检索表,提供了新种的鉴别特征图。新种模式标本保存于贵州大学昆虫研究所。     

贵州梵净山罗颖蜡蝉属一新种记述(半翅目,蜡蝉总科,颖蜡蝉科)

记述采自贵州省梵净山国家级自然保护区的罗颖蜡蝉属Rhotala Walker 1新种,即梵净罗颖蜡蝉R.fanjingshana sp.nov.。隶属于蜡蝉总科Fulgoroidea颖蜡蝉科Achilidae罗颖蜡蝉族Rhotalini。提供了新种的鉴别特征图。新种模式标本保存于贵州大学昆虫研究所。     

中国马尾松木上伞滑刃属线虫新种记述

在福建省泉州市南安的马尾松树上发现伞滑刃属线虫1新种,拟小松伞滑刃线虫Bursaphelenchus parapinasetri sp.nov.,新种热杀死体形及形态测量值大小与小松伞滑刃线虫B.pinasteri非常相似,但两者区别主要为:新种口针长,有基部球,雌虫无阴门盖,而近似种则与之相反;两者雄虫交合刺、交合伞形态及尾部乳突数量等方面特征也不同.     

中国丝盖伞属丝盖伞亚属2个新种及8个新记录种

丝盖伞属Inocybe(Fr.)Fr.是伞菌中一个较大的属,目前国内对丝盖伞属真菌的种类和分布知之甚少。在进行丝盖伞科分类学研究过程中,发现2个新种,分别为长孢土味丝盖伞I.oblonga和拟暗盖丝盖伞I.phaeodiscoides,以及8个新记录种(变种),它们是卷鳞丝盖伞大果变种I.cincinnata var.major、暗毛丝盖伞沼生变种I.lacera var.helobia、暗毛丝盖伞灰鳞变种I.lacera var.rhacodes、突起丝盖伞I.prominens、多疣丝盖伞I.decemgibbosa、拟纤维丝盖伞I.fibrosoides、荫生丝盖伞橙色变型I.umbratica f.aurantiaca和接骨木丝盖伞I.sambucina。根据材料对新种和新记录种进行了详细描述,并提供了每个种的线条图。     

中国甘肃省狭义丝盖伞属二新种

依据形态学和分子系统学研究结果,描述了产自中国甘肃省的狭义丝盖伞属2个新种,即拟黄囊丝盖伞Inocybe muricellatoides和甘肃丝盖伞I. gansuensis。对新种的ITS、LSU和rpb2片段进行了测序和分析,并提供了详细描述、线条图、生态照片及与相似种的区别。拟黄囊丝盖伞以菌盖翘起的鳞片、菌柄纤维状、孢子光滑和厚壁的侧生囊状体为主要识别特征。甘肃丝盖伞具有粗壮的子实体、较大的孢子和厚壁侧生囊状体。基于LSU和rpb2联合数据的分子系统发育分析显示这两个新种隶属于狭义丝盖伞属且分别占据独特的分支。     

小口盘菌属一新种及该属分种检索表

本文报道了采自内蒙古地区的肉杯菌科一新种：根小口盘菌Microstoma radicatum。提供了新种的详细描述、生态照片、线条图和ITS序列GenBank登录号,编制了小口盘菌属世界已知种的分种检索表。研究标本保存在赤峰学院菌物标本室（CFSZ）和中国科学院菌物标本馆（HMAS）。     

瓶梗颈部螺旋且寄生卷叶蛾幼虫的被毛孢新种

Hirsutella tortricicola sp. nov.（菌株GZUIFR-hir090704）分离于寄生卷叶蛾科昆虫幼虫的真菌标本GZUIFR-kks-2。其主要形态特征为产孢细胞颈部具1-2个螺旋状结构且再育明显;分生孢子具黏液,橘瓣状,2.7-3.6×1.4-1.8μm。通过形态学比较和系统发育学分析确定H. tortricicola为被毛孢属新成员。     

Flavonoids and isoflavonoids of chemotaxonomic significance from Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora (Leguminosae)

Chemical studies were carried out on the root of Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora (Leguminosae), a licorice of no medicinal or commercial value. Two isoflavone glycosides, wistin and ononin, were isolated as major constituents from the methanol extract. A series of chromatographic separations of the acetone extract yielded isoflavone aglycones (afromosin, 2′,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone and formononetin), flavanones (liquiritigenin and 4′,7-dihydroxy-6,8-diprenylflavanone), an isoflavan [(-)-vestitol], a pterocarpan [(-)-medicarpin], chalcones (echinatin and isoliquiritigenin), dibenzoylmethanes (licodione and 2′-O-methyl-licodione), a flavone (4′,7-dihydroxyflavone), a 3-arylcoumarin (2′-7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-3-arylcoumarin), and a new isoflav-3-ene (2′-7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflav-3-ene). The co-occurrence of the retrochalcone echinatin and the biogenetically related licodione and 2′-O-methyl-licodione is of particular interest, and suggests that this species is closely related to G. echinata and G. inflata. The biogenesis of the retrochalcone is also discussed in relation to its significance in the chemotaxonomy of sects Echinatae and Bucharicae of the genus Glycyrrhiza.     

A new species of Acaenodera (Digenea: Acanthocolpidae) parasitizing Conger orbignyanus (Pisces: Congridae) from the coasts of Argentina

A new species, Acaenodera spinosior, is described based on specimens collected from the intestine of Conger orbignyanus Valenciennes (Pisces: Congridae) caught in waters off Mar del Plata (38°08′S, 57°32′W), Argentina. Five of 36 congers examined were parasitized (prevalence: 13.9%, mean intensity: 2.6 ± 1.52, range: 1–5). The new species is distinguished from its only congener, Acaenodera placophora Manter and Pritchard, 1960, a parasite of congers off Hawaii, by its larger size, lacking eyespots, and exhibiting a greater number of circumoral, mid-ventral and lateral spines. This is the first record of Acaenodera Manter and Pritchard, 1960 in Atlantic waters.     

Baltic amber fossils reveal early evolution of sexual dimorphism in stalk-eyed flies (Diptera: Diopsidae)

A cladistic analysis of 16 species of extant and amber fossil stalk-eyed flies of the family Diopsidae places the fossil †Prosphyracephala succini (Loew) as the sister group of all other Diopsinae, the subfamily in which eye stalks occur. The study is based on a scoring including five old and 23 new finds of †P. succini from Baltic amber, and for the first time allows a morphometric analysis of eye span and various body size parameters in this species. The data indicate that sexual dimorphism of the eye stalks already existed in †Prosphyracephala, suggesting that this feature evolved early in the Diopsinae. Contrary to recent views that the ancestral condition of diopsine eye stalks was monomorphic, the new results suggest that sexual selection was involved in the evolution of eye stalks from the very beginning of the lineage.     

A new species of Liropus (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Caprellidae) from Le Danois bank (southern Bay of Biscay)

A new species of the genus Liropus (Crustacea, Amphipoda, Caprellidae) is described based on specimens collected from Le Danois bank (‘El Cachucho’ fishing grounds), Bay of Biscay. Liropus cachuchoensis n. sp. can be distinguished from all its congeners mainly by the absence of eyes and by the presence of a dorsal projection proximally on pereonites 3, 4 and 5 in males, on 3 and 5 in females. The new species has been found living on muddy bottoms on the southern flank of the bank and adjacent continental slope, between 619 and 1062 m depth, with a maximum abundance (56.1 ind./100 m²) recorded at 1044–1062 m. Morphological comparisons among the world's members of Liropus, a key to species, and data on their distribution are presented.     

福建三都澳游泳动物种类组成及群落结构稳定性

利用2012-2013年三都澳渔业资源的定置张网调查资料, 应用物种多样性指数、数量生物量比较曲线(ABC曲线)及鱼类分类多样性指数等方法分析三都澳游泳动物种类组成特征和群落结构的稳定性。调查中共出现游泳动物195种, 隶属于17目64科125属, 其中鱼类143种, 甲壳类47种, 头足类5种。大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)在三都澳4个航次的调查中都是最主要的优势种类, 其他优势种类还包括叫姑鱼(Johnius belengerii)、白姑鱼(Argyrosomus argentatus)、虾虎鱼类和一些甲壳类。大黄鱼多为养殖群体, 其他优势种类的共同特征是个体小, 繁殖周期短, 生物量季节或年际间波动剧烈。物种多样性分析表明, 三都澳游泳动物群落平均Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为2.61, 9、10月高, 1、5月低。ABC曲线分析表明, 4次调查中群落结构存在明显的变化, 繁殖群体的补充、个体生长、捕捞、伏季休渔等是影响群落结构稳定性的因素。本次研究表明, 大黄鱼生物量的比例与Shannon-Wiener多样性指数呈极显著负相关(P < 0.01, R = -0.890), 与种类数呈显著负相关(P < 0.05, R = -0.563)。结合近年来的调查数据, 统计得到三都澳的现存鱼类约224种, 其平均分类差异指数(△⁺)为59.5, 分类差异变异指数(∧⁺)为260.8。相对于中国沿海其他海域, 三都澳鱼类群落分类学范围较小, 且群落间的分类地位关系极不均匀, 群落抗干扰的能力较差。     

西宁市萝卜黑心病的病原

萝卜黑心病是近年来在青海省西宁地区发生的一种新病害,重病田发病率高达100%,严重影响了萝卜的产量和品质。罹病萝卜肉质根的根尖及毛根颜色变暗,纵向剖开病根,可见肉质根的中柱组织自根尖向上呈不同程度的黑色;横向剖开病根,可见肉质根的中柱组织呈现均匀或不均匀放射状分布的黑色变色点。经病原菌分离培养、科赫氏法则证病,及病原菌形态学和分子生物学鉴定,明确该病的致病菌包括长孢轮枝菌Verticillium longisporum、三体轮枝菌V. tricorpus和瓜小织球壳菌Plectosphaerella cucumerina,其中长孢轮枝菌的组织侵染率达100%,为优势病菌。这3种病菌的适宜生长温度分别为20℃、20-25℃和25℃。本文是这3种病菌为害萝卜的首次报道,萝卜是这3种病菌的新寄主植物。     

A new species of Discinites (Noeggerathiales) from the Upper Permian of Weibei Coalfield, North China

A new species of Discinites is described from the Late Permian Upper Shihhotse Formation of the Weibei Coalfield, Shaanxi Province, China. D. hanchengensis sp. nov. has decurrent and disk-like sporophylls with deep-toothed apices, elliptical sporangia and rectangular epidermal cells. The spores are generally of the Calamospora type. The megaspores and microspores are 300–380 and 45–90 μm in diameter, respectively. The microspores are similar in size to those of all other species of Discinites that contain Calamospora, but the megaspores are remarkably smaller. The new species represents the first record of Discinites with Calamospora from China and from the Cathaysian flora. Finally, we summarize the associated foliages of Discinites in the Cathaysian flora and find that they are all markedly different from those found in the Euramerican flora.     

Species- and clone-specific responses to environmental stimuli in the cladocerans Bosmina cornuta and B. pellucida - a comparison with Daphnia

We studied the variation of small-scale swimming behaviour in eight Bosmina cornuta and ten B. pellucida clones in response to key environmental factors to test whether swimming behaviour and genotypes are linked in non-Daphnia cladocerans. We quantified (1) the short-term responses to changes in temperature, light intensity and pH, (2) the response to long-term temperature acclimation, and (3) the pH-related survival rates. Vertical swimming activity S was quantified in cuvette experiments as crossings of a line at 2 cm height per individual an hour. S differed significantly among species and conspecific clones. At any temperature, light intensity and pH tested, B. cornuta (clone variation: 40-58 crossings/ind.× h) showed a higher vertical swimming activity than B. pellucida (clone variation: 25-48 crossings/ind.× h). A short-term change of water temperature (range tested: 10-25°C) only affected S of B. cornuta, whereas that of B. pellucida remained unaltered. In contrast, S increased with rising temperature following long-term temperature acclimation (range tested: 10-20°C) in both species. Swimming activity was inversely related to the light intensity (range tested: 60-60,000 lux), but decrease of activity was stronger in B. pellucida (44 → 12 crossings/ind × h) than in B. cornuta (50 → 40 crossings/ind.× h). Short-term changes of pH (range tested: 4-6) did not influence swimming activity in any species, although a prolonged exposure (24 h) to pH 4 was lethal. Thus, Bosmina showed behavioural responses which permit to distinguish between the species and which are related to their seasonal succession and distribution pattern.