Flavonoids and isoflavonoids of chemotaxonomic significance from Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora (Leguminosae)

Chemical studies were carried out on the root of Glycyrrhiza pallidiflora (Leguminosae), a licorice of no medicinal or commercial value. Two isoflavone glycosides, wistin and ononin, were isolated as major constituents from the methanol extract. A series of chromatographic separations of the acetone extract yielded isoflavone aglycones (afromosin, 2′,7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflavone and formononetin), flavanones (liquiritigenin and 4′,7-dihydroxy-6,8-diprenylflavanone), an isoflavan (-)-vestitol], a pterocarpan (-)-medicarpin], chalcones (echinatin and isoliquiritigenin), dibenzoylmethanes (licodione and 2′-O-methyl-licodione), a flavone (4′,7-dihydroxyflavone), a 3-arylcoumarin (2′-7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxy-3-arylcoumarin), and a new isoflav-3-ene (2′-7-dihydroxy-4′-methoxyisoflav-3-ene). The co-occurrence of the retrochalcone echinatin and the biogenetically related licodione and 2′-O-methyl-licodione is of particular interest, and suggests that this species is closely related to G. echinata and G. inflata. The biogenesis of the retrochalcone is also discussed in relation to its significance in the chemotaxonomy of sects Echinatae and Bucharicae of the genus Glycyrrhiza.