穿膜肽-LacI HPM载体的构建及其DNA结合活性测定

目的：借助穿膜肽TAT高效跨膜的特性和LacI前头肽突变体（LacI HPM）高亲和力结合DNA的特性,构建新型基因转导载体。方法：PCR扩增LacI、Lacl基因前头肽序列、前头肽序列突变体、TAT序列的编码基因,构建前头肽序列突变体和TAT的原核表达载体,可溶性表达TAT-LacI HPM融合蛋白并纯化,在缇冲液中氧化获得TAT-LacI HPM二聚体并浓缩,PCR检测二聚体融合蛋白与质粒的体外结合能力。结果：获得了pET-28a（-4-）-LacI HPM及pET-28a（＋）-TAT-LacI HPM表达质粒,表达纯化并获得二聚化融合蛋白,体外结合实验确定TAT-Lac／HPM二聚体融合蛋白与检测质粒DNA具有特异的高亲和力结合活性。结论：构建了穿膜呔TAT-LacI HPM,为进一步研究其作为新型DNA转运载体的可行性奠定了基础。     

恶性疟P190抗原基因的表达及免疫学研究

克隆了我国海南省FCCl／HN株P190抗原三肽重复区基因,定名为P190TR。该基因片段经DNA序列分析鉴定后连接到改建的pGEx一2T表达载体BamHⅠ和xbaⅠ位点中,经鉴定的重组质粒转化感受态JM109(DE3)大肠杆菌进行表达。结果显示：该基因得到高效融合表达．经一步亲和纯化后就取得高纯度的重组蛋白。用纯化的表达蛋白免疫动物亦产生P190TR特异性抗体。     

带有穿膜肽重组PTD-Sox2的制备及活性鉴定

目的:制备带有穿膜肽的重组蛋白PTD-Sox2并对其活性进行鉴定.方法:通过将Sox2基因与穿膜肽基因PTD融合,利用原核表达载体pKYB进行表达,用Ni柱制备、纯化融合蛋白;用Western blot对其进行鉴定;用FITC标记PTD-Sox2,与CHO细胞孵育,检测其穿膜能力;用FRET法检测转录因子Sox2结合目的DNA的活性.结果:构建了带有穿膜肽重组PTD-Sox2的原核表达菌,制备并纯化PTD-Sox2,对其活性鉴定.结论:PTD-Sox2能够穿过细胞膜与核膜,进入细胞核内,穿膜效率为40.86%,并且可与目的DNA进行特异结合,为蛋白体外诱导iPS的产生奠定基础.     

TPO模拟肽与人IgG1 Fc片段的融合表达及其生物学特性研究

依据本室获得的人TPO模拟肽序列,合成了该模拟肽的DNA序列,分别连接至4种不同长度的人IgG1 Fc基因片段的5′端,并克隆至质粒表达载体pET28a( ),转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,筛选获得了4种重组工程菌,其中3种分别高效表达了3种不同长度的融合蛋白,而第4种工程菌未表达,表达的3种融合蛋白的分子量分别约为28kD,12kD和12kD。表达量约占菌体蛋白总量的30％左右,纯化获得了3种TPO模拟肽融合蛋白,3种融合蛋白均有较好的体外活性,维持TPO依赖细胞Ba/F3-mp1生长的EC50分别为：13,10,10nmol/L,用血小板减少症小鼠动物模型,测定了它们的体内活性,3种融合蛋白均有升高血小板和缩短血小板恢复时间的功能,分别比TPO模拟肽活性提高了18,8,8倍,而对白细胞及红细胞无显著影响,分别用3种融合蛋白免疫BALB／c小鼠,均未刺激小鼠产生抗TPO模拟肽抗体,并显示了较好的应用潜力。     

重组环状胸腺五肽结构类似物Cyclo-（Cys- Arg-Lys –Asp-Val-Tyr）的制备、鉴定和活性检测

为了实现蛋白内含肽(Intein)介导的重组环状胸腺五肽结构类似物［cyclo-（Cys -Arg-Lys –Asp-Val-Tyr）,cTP］的高效制备,设计并合成编码6个氨基酸的cTP基因,克隆到表达载体pTWIN1,重组表达质粒pTW-cTp转化E.coli ER2566构建工程菌,IPTG诱导由几丁质结合域纯化标签（chitin binding domain,CBD）、2个蛋白内含肽和目的多肽组成的“多元”融合蛋白(CBD-intein1-cTP-intein2-CBD)的高效表达.几丁质柱亲合层析纯化融合蛋白后,改变pH值和温度诱导intein1 C端切割,硫醇MESNA诱导intein2 N端切割,释放N端为Cys,C端为硫酯的重组cTP线性前体,通过非保护多肽硫酯环合法实现环肽生成.激光飞行质谱结果显示,纯化产物的分子量为764.4,与环肽的理论值相符.免疫活性检测结果显示,环肽cTP较线性多肽TP-5具有更显著的促进巨噬细胞吞噬能力的活性（P<0.01）和促进B细胞抗体生成的活性（P<0.01）.     

应用2A肽策略构建双基因共表达转基因斑马鱼的研究

目的以Tol2为骨架载体,以绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)、Cherry为报告基因,探讨采用2A肽双基因载体构建策略构建单启动子双基因共表达质粒的方法;将B细胞刺激因子(BAFF)分别置于2A序列前后位置,分析位置效应对跨膜融合蛋白的表达与剪切的影响,探讨多基因共表达转基因斑马鱼构建技术。方法以In Fusion法将GFP-2A-Cherry序列构建到Tol2质粒上,所得p Tol-GFP-2A-Cherry质粒转染He La细胞、显微注射1-细胞期斑马鱼受精卵;倒置荧光显微镜观察He La细胞、斑马鱼幼鱼体内GFP与Cherry蛋白的表达,Western blot法验证GFP和Cherry蛋白的表达量与剪切情况;分别构建p Tol2-GFP-2A-BAFF与p Tol2-BAFF-2A-Cherry质粒,Western blot法检查BAFF的表达与剪切情况。结果 p Tol2-GFP-2A-Cherry质粒转染的He La细胞,GFP与Cherry均可单独表达且表达呈现时空一致性;GFP-2A-Cherry融合蛋白可被剪切为GFP与Cherry,且成等比例表达趋势。p Tol2-GFP-2A-Cherry质粒显微注射1-细胞期斑马鱼受精卵可获得可单独表达GFP与Cherry蛋白的转基因斑马鱼;p Tol2-GFP-2A-BAFF与p Tol2-BAFF-2A-Cherry于斑马鱼体内均有融合蛋白的表达,且BAFF序列位于2A序列后更易于融合蛋白的剪切。结论通过2A肽策略构建可实现在斑马鱼体内单一载体、单一启动子调控双基因表达目的。发现编码跨膜分泌蛋白的功能基因位于2A序列的不同位置会直接影响蛋白的剪切,功能基因位于2A序列后易于跨膜蛋白的剪切。     

Ubiquitin基因介导下的PRRSV GP5基因免疫特性研究

目的：探讨泛素基因对GP5基因免疫的影响。泛素-蛋白酶体途径是一种高效蛋白降解途径,主要负责真核细胞内蛋白选择性降解。方法：本研究将ORF5DNA片段克隆到含泛素（Ub）基因的表达载体pCMV-Ub和pCMV载体,构建成重组质粒pCMV—Ub-GP5和pCMV-GP5。两种质粒DNA肌肉注射免疫BALb／c小鼠后,分别检测体液免疫反应和细胞免疫反应,比较GP5单基因和Ub—GP5融合基因DNA免疫所诱生免疫应答的强度。结果：二者均可诱生PRRSVELISA抗体和中和抗体,其抗体水平无明显差别,但Ub-GP5融合基因诱生的淋巴细胞反应和CTL反应明显高于GP5基因。结论：泛素基因可以促进GP5诱生细胞免疫反应。     

TPO模拟肽与人IgG1 Fc片段的融合表达及其生物学特性研究

依据本室获得的人TPO模拟肽序列,合成了该模拟肽的DNA序列,分别连接至4种不同长度的人IgG1 Fc基因片段的5′端,并克隆至质粒表达载体pET28a(+),转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),筛选获得了4种重组工程菌,其中3种分别高效表达了3种不同长度的融合蛋白,而第4种工程菌未表达。表达的3种融合蛋白的分子量分别约为28kD、12kD和12kD,表达量约占菌体蛋白总量的30%左右,纯化获得了3种TPO模拟肽融合蛋白。3种融合蛋白均有较好的体外活性,维持TPO依赖细胞Ba/F3-mp1生长的EC50分别为：13、10、10 nmol/L。用血小板减少症小鼠动物模型,测定了它们的体内活性,3种融合蛋白均有升高血小板和缩短血小板恢复时间的功能,分别比TPO模拟肽活性提高了18、8、8倍;而对白细胞及红细胞无显著影响。分别用3种融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,均未刺激小鼠产生抗TPO模拟肽抗体,并显示了较好的应用潜力。      

一种用于药物蛋白亲和纯化和跨膜转运的双功能标签的开发

目的:开发一种既能用于亲和纯化目标蛋白,又可介导不能自主进入细胞的药物蛋白跨膜转运到细胞内发挥活性的双功能标签。方法:从已有文献资料中挑选四种富含碱性氨基酸的钙调蛋白结合肽(calmodulin binding peptide,CBP),将其与绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)融合表达,然后采用与钙调蛋白(calmodulin,CaM)亲和结合过程来筛选与CaM具有最高亲和力的CBP;随后采用荧光显微镜检测、激光共聚焦显微镜检测以及流式细胞术等技术来分析测定和比较候选CBP序列将EGFP重组蛋白自主转运进入细胞的能力。最后将筛选到的新型CBP双功能标签与凋亡蛋白融合表达,考察其与CaM亲和结合后纯化重组凋亡蛋白的能力,以MTT法分析此重组蛋白进入肿瘤细胞抑制生长的能力。结果:通过CaM-CBP亲和层析筛选出与CaM具高有亲和力的三种CBP序列;从重组蛋白胞内荧光检测结果得知,带有野生型骨骼肌肌球蛋白轻链激酶CBP序列(MLCK)的重组EGFP蛋白具有最佳跨膜转运效率,且显著高于来源于艾滋病毒的经典穿膜肽TAT的穿膜效率。以此MLCK新型双功能标签成功地通过CaM-CBP亲和结合纯化得到重组凋亡蛋白,并可将重组凋亡蛋白转运进入细胞内发挥抗肿瘤作用。重组凋亡蛋白对MGC-803、H460、HeLa三种肿瘤细胞生长的24h半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为:1. 18μmol/L、1. 23μmol/L、1. 23μmol/L。结论:筛选得到一种新型双功能标签MLCK,其可通过与CaM高亲和作用进行亲和纯化;同时标签本身还具有和典型穿膜肽一样的高效跨膜转运功能,可将药物蛋白自主转运进入细胞,发挥药物的生物活性。因此,新型双功能标签既可用于药物蛋白的亲和纯化,又兼具体内跨膜运输作用,可广泛用于各种新型药物的开发。     

融合Th细胞表位序列Myostatin重组基因疫苗的构建及其对免疫动物肌肉力量的影响

目的:本实验利用基因重组技术,构建融合Th细胞TT830-844表位序列的人重组Myostatin基因疫苗真核表达载体pVAC-TT-Ms,检测该基因疫苗对免疫小鼠前肢抓力的影响,为后续以Myostatin作为靶分子来改善废用性肌肉萎缩等病症的研究提供实验基础。方法:化学耦联方法合成Myostatin C-末端成熟肽(330 bp)基因序列及其N-端融合TT表位序列的DNA片段,重组质粒pVAC-TT-Ms的构建、纯化及瞬时转染中国仓鼠卵巢细胞(CHO细胞)按该类研究中的常规实验操作,并检测重组基因疫苗pVAC-TT-Ms免疫小鼠骨骼肌前肢抓力的变化。结果:酶切和测序结果表明,重组Myostatin基因疫苗表达载体pVAC-TT-Ms构建成功。重组质粒pVAC-TT-Ms OD260/280比值和电泳结果显示,该质粒作为基因疫苗符合免疫动物的质量要求。细胞荧光免疫检测结果表明,瞬时转染的CHO细胞中目的蛋白明显表达。动物免疫实验初步证明,重组Myostatin基因疫苗可显著提高免疫小鼠的前肢抓力,与正常对照组比较,免疫小鼠前肢抓力平均增加了29.88%。结论:本实验成功构建了在真核细胞中能有效表达融合TT表位序列人重组Myostatin基因疫苗表达载体,初步证明了重组Myostatin基因疫苗可显著增加免疫小鼠前肢抓力。     

人尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活因子截短型突变体与绿色荧光蛋白在真核细胞HEK293F中的融合表达

目的:构建人尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活因子(uPA)截短型突变体与绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)分泌型融合表达载体并在真核细胞中表达。方法:采用PCR法,分别以质粒pIRES2-EGFP和重组质粒pcDNA3.1(+)/uPA为模板,扩增出带BamHⅠ和XbaⅠ酶切位点的EGFP及带NheⅠ和HindⅢ酶切位点的uPA截短体基因片段,先后将EGFP和截短型uPA基因片段克隆到真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)上,转入HEK293F细胞,用G418对转染细胞进行加压筛选,通过共聚焦显微镜观察和ELISA方法鉴定表达产物。结果:DNA测序结果显示,uPA不同截短型突变体基因片段与EGFP基因融合的真核表达载体构建成功,共聚焦显微镜观察发现HEK293F细胞中有绿色荧光且定位于细胞质中,ELISA检测到HEK293F细胞培养上清中分泌型融合蛋白的表达。结论:构建了uPA截短型突变体与EGFP分泌型融合表达载体并在真核细胞中表达,为后期研究uPA的相互作用蛋白及其生理功能奠定了基础。     

The third helix of the murine Hoxc8 homeodomain facilitates protein transduction in mammalian cells

Previously, we have demonstrated that purified Hoxc8 homeoprotein has the ability to penetrate the cellular membrane and can be transduced efficiently into COS-7 cells. Moreover, the Hoxc8 protein is able to form a complex with DNA molecules in vitro and helps the DNA be delivered intracellularly, serving as a gene delivery vehicle. Here, we further analyzed the membrane transduction activity of Hoxc8 protein and provide the evidence that the 16 amino acid (a.a.191-206, 2.23 kDa) third helix of murine Hoxc8 protein is an efficient protein transduction domain (PTD). When the 16 amino acid peptide was fused at the carboxyl terminal of enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP), the fusion proteins were transduced efficiently into the primary pig fetal fibroblast cells. The transduction efficiency increased in a concentration-dependent manner up to 1 μM, and appeared to plateau above a concentration of 1 μM. When tandem multimers of PTD, EGFP-PTD(2), EGFP-PTD(3), EGFP-PTD(4), and EGFP-PTD(5), were analyzed at 500 nM of concentration, the penetrating efficiency increased in a dose-dependent manner. As the number of PTDs increased, the EGFP signal also increased, although the signal maintained plateau after EGFP-PTD(3). These results indicate that the 16 amino acid third helix is the key element responsible for the membrane transduction activity of Hoxc8 proteins, and further suggest that the small peptide could serve as a therapeutic delivery vehicle for large cargo proteins.     

一种基于EGFP的、安全的抗HIV药物评价系统

目的：建立基于EGFP的、安全的抗人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）药物评价系统。方法：用增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）基因替代HIV感染性克隆质粒pUC18-HIV-NL4-3中的部分包膜基因（env）,构建重组假病毒质粒pUC18-NL4-3-EGFP,将其与水疱性口炎病毒糖蛋白（VSV-G）真核表达载体共转染人胚肾293FT细胞,观察绿色荧光蛋白的表达,同时用该细胞培养上清进一步感染其他293FT细胞培养物。为了检验该假病毒系统能否用于抗病毒药物的评价,在假病毒复制和感染过程中加入不同浓度的抗HIV药物AZT（Zidovudine）,采用荧光显微镜检测和流式细胞仪定量检测,分析AZT对假病毒的抑制作用。结果：假病毒质粒pUC18-NL4-3-EGFP能够在转染细胞和再感染细胞中有效地表达绿色荧光蛋白基因,不同浓度的AZT能以剂量依赖方式抑制假病毒的感染和报告基因的表达。结论：建立了一种基于EGFP表达和检测的、安全的HIV假病毒复制和感染系统,该系统可以用于抗HIV药物的筛选和评价。     

人apoA-I分泌型表达调控细胞模型构建

分别从pMD18-T质粒和人基因组DNA扩增出人apoA-I CDS区序列和apoA-I启动子(702bp片段),与pEGFP-N1重组,构成受apoA-I启动子调控的pEGFP-N1质粒和融合蛋白表达质粒,分别转染人肝癌HepG2细胞,以绿色荧光为标志筛选稳定转染系列克隆。用RT-PCR、荧光显微镜、免疫荧光术等鉴定其中一个克隆融合蛋白的表达;分别以胰岛素和葡萄糖刺激物鉴定该克隆的外源apoA-I启动子调控。结果表明:人apoA-I分泌型表达调控肝细胞模型初步建成。     

乙型肝炎病毒蛋白和绿色荧光蛋白的共表达研究

目的：构建增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）标记的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）真核表达载体,并研究其在真核细胞和小鼠体内的共表达。方法：以质粒pBR322-HBVadr2．0和pCX-EGFP为基础,构建含有双拷贝HBV全基因组DNA和EGFP基因的真核表达载体pCX-EGFP-HBVadr2．0,分别转染真核细胞和小鼠肝组织,建立体外、体内表达系统,研究GFP和HBV基因的表达。结果：构建了真核表达载体pCX-EGFP-HBVadr2．0,EGFP和HBV病毒蛋白在体内和体外均可表达。结论：构建的pCX-EGFP-HBVadr2．0真核表达载体可以GFP作为HBV存在与否的报告基因,提高了培育检测转基因小鼠的效率,为转基因小鼠的制备及后续研究奠定了基础。     

Development of a versatile expression plasmid construction system for Aspergillus oryzae and its application to visualization of mitochondria

We report here a development of the MultiSite Gateway(TM)-based versatile plasmid construction system applicable for the rapid and efficient preparation of Aspergillus oryzae expression plasmids. This system allows the simultaneous connection of the three DNA fragments inserted in entry clones along with a destination vector in a defined order and orientation. We prepared a variety of entry clones and destination vectors containing promoters, genes encoding carrier-proteins and fusion tags, and selectable markers, which makes it possible to generate 80 expression plasmids for each target protein. Using this system, plasmids for expression of the EGFP fused with the mitochondrial-targeting signal of citrate synthase (AoCit1) were generated. Tubular structures of mitochondria were visualized in the transformants expressing the AoCit1-EGFP fusion protein. This plasmid construction system allows us to prepare a large number of expression plasmids without laborious DNA manipulations, which would facilitate molecular biological studies on A. oryzae.     

The specific delivery of proteins to human liver cells by engineered bio-nanocapsules

A bio-nanocapsule (BNC), composed of the surface antigen (sAg) of the hepatitis B virus, is an efficient nanomachine with which to accomplish the liver-specific delivery of genes and drugs. Approximately 110 molecules of sAg are associated to form a BNC particle with an average diameter of 130 nm. The L protein is an sAg peptide composed mainly of preS and S regions. The preS region, with specific affinity for human hepatocytes, is localized in the N-terminus. The S region following the preS has two transmembrane regions responsible for the formation of particles. In this study, the fusion of emerald green fluorescent protein (EGFP) at the C-terminus of the S region was designed to deliver proteins to human hepatocytes. Truncation of the C-terminus of the S region was required to obtain sufficient expression levels in Cos7 cells. The nanoparticles that were produced delivered EGFP to human hepatoma cells, displaying the EGFP moiety outside, or enclosing it inside. However, only a single orientation characterizes the particle, so that either type of L fusion particle could be effectively and independently separated by an antibody affinity column. The dual C-terminal topologies of the L fusion particles designed in this study could be applied to various proteins for the C-terminal moiety of the L fusion proteins, depending on the character of the proteins, such as cytoplasmic proteins, as well as cytokines or ligands to cell surface receptors. We suggest that this fusion design is the most efficient way to prepare a BNC that delivers proteins to specific cells or tissues.     

Highly efficient molecular delivery into mammalian cells using carbon nanotube spearing

Introduction of exogenous DNA into mammalian cells represents a powerful approach for manipulating signal transduction. The available techniques, however, are limited by low transduction efficiency and low cell viability after transduction. Here we report a highly efficient molecular delivery technique, named nanotube spearing, based on the penetration of nickel-embedded nanotubes into cell membranes by magnetic field driving. DNA plasmids containing the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) sequence were immobilized onto the nanotubes, and subsequently speared into targeted cells. We have achieved an unprecedented high transduction efficiency in Bal17 B-lymphoma, ex vivo B cells and primary neurons with high viability after transduction. This technique may provide a powerful tool for highly efficient gene transfer into a variety of cells, especially the hard-to-transfect cells.