人宫颈黏液HMGN2鉴定及在宫颈组织的表达

为探讨人子宫颈黏液的抗菌机制,采用酸性尿素聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和反相高压液相色谱技术,从人子宫颈黏液酸溶性提取物鉴定出对大肠杆菌氨苄青霉素耐药株ML-35p有较强的抗菌活性的多肽HCP-21和HCP-26.蛋白质N端氨基酸序列测定和精确质谱分子质量测定证明,HCP-21为HMGN2,HCP-26为SLPI片段.提取原代培养宫颈上皮细胞的总RNA,采用RT-PCR技术扩增出一条与HMGN2 cDNA大小相同(270bp)目的基因片段,表明在生理状况下,宫颈上皮细胞即可表达其mRNA.制备HMGN2多克隆抗体,对生理状态下宫颈组织切片和宫颈黏液涂片进行HMGN2分子免疫组化分析表明,该分子主要分布于子宫颈黏膜层,并存在于子宫颈黏液.HMGN2分子在宫颈黏膜上皮组织和黏液中固有表达,可能在子宫颈天然免疫防御中起重要作用.     

真菌Talaromyces stipitatus WH4-2中的抗菌活性成分

【目的】对真菌菌株WH4-2进行鉴定并分离鉴定具有抗菌活性的天然产物。【方法】综合菌落形态和ITS全序列分析,鉴定菌株种属。以抗菌活性分析为导向对其中的活性组分进行分离纯化,波谱分析鉴定结构。采用微量稀释法对化合物进行活性复筛,得最小抑菌浓度MIC值。【结果】真菌菌株WH4-2鉴定为Talaromyces stipitatus。从其土豆发酵液中分离鉴定化合物1 (5S-arugosin K)、2 (5R-arugosin K)、3 (5S-arugosin M)、4 (5R-arugosin M)和5 (Chrysophanol),其中1–4为含异戊烯基的dibenzo[b,e]oxepinone类化合物,5为蒽醌类化合物。1–4对Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300、ATCC33591,Enterococcus faecium ATCC35667和Bacillussubtilis ATCC6633具有抗菌活性。【结论】含异戊烯基的Dibenzo[b,e]oxepinone类化合物是真菌T. stipitatus中抗菌活性成分。     

绵羊生殖道抗菌肽

以屠宰场收集的新鲜、健康、雌性绵羊生殖器官为原材料．采用乙酸浸提、透析、Sephadex G-50凝胶过滤层析和反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)等方法分离纯化绵羊生殖道抗菌肽．以G+、G-和真菌为抗菌活性检测指示菌株,利用薄层琼脂糖孔穴扩散法、微量肉汤稀释法进行抗菌活性检测．对分离纯化所得纯品进行分子质量质谱测定、纯度鉴定、N端测序,并对其性质进行研究．结果表明：分离纯化所得两个绵羊生殖道抗菌肽分子质量分别为4820.47 u和4012.5 u,N端部分氨基 酸序列分别为AYVLDEPKP和YDSGA．对G+细菌(S. aureus ATCC2592、Streptococcu ATCC55121)、G-细菌(E． coli ATCC25922)、真菌(C． albicans ATCC2002)均具有良好的抑菌活性．对家兔红细胞无溶血活性,对人血液凝固无影响．目前未见有从绵羊生殖道分离纯化得到抗菌肽的报道,并且这一研究结果进一步证实抗菌肽在多种动物生殖道天然免疫防御方面起着重要作用．     

融合表达HLH结构域对猪溶菌酶抗菌活性的影响

[目的]通过遗传操作提高猪溶菌酶抗革兰氏阴性菌的活性。[方法]对猪溶菌酶进行分子模拟,得到了包含功能肽的螺旋-回环-螺旋(HLH)结构域,将HLH编码基因与猪溶菌酶基因N端或C端进行融合,于大肠杆菌中诱导表达,经复性、纯化后检测其抗菌活性,并利用原子力显微镜和荧光染色对抗菌活性较高的融合蛋白杀菌机制进行初探。[结果]与对照组相比,N端和C端融合蛋白基本保持了猪溶菌酶对革兰氏阳性菌的活性;同时,两种融合蛋白对革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性均显著增强,其中N端融合产物活性更高,它对大肠杆菌ATCC 10798、大肠杆菌ATCC 25922、克雷伯氏菌TR5、铜绿假单胞菌ATCC 15442、沙门氏菌CMCC(B)50335的抗菌系数分别为1.64、1.24、2.56、1.72和1.42,最低抑菌浓度分别为90μg/mL、100μg/mL、40μg/mL、80μg/mL和100μg/mL。经检测,该融合蛋白能显著增强革兰氏阴性菌细胞膜的通透性。[结论]通过融合表达自身来源的HLH结构域,猪溶菌酶抗革兰氏阴性菌活性得到了显著提升,可为其它溶菌酶抗菌活性的提高提供参考。     

His/GST-HDAC1在大肠杆菌中表达的研究

目的:对His/GST-HDAC1在大肠杆菌BL-21中的表达进行研究。方法:HDAC1的完整基因片断被克隆到pColdⅠ载体和pGEX载体上,并在其N末端分别联有His和GST;采用大肠杆菌BL21对HDAC1进行表达;采用亲和色谱对HDAC1进行纯化;用SDS-PAGE和蛋白质印迹来验证表达和纯化效果;对HDAC1活性进行测定。结果:多数HDAC1存在于大肠杆菌BL-21细胞裂解液的沉淀组分和纯化过程中的未结合组分中,小部分HDAC1可从细胞裂解液的上清液中得以纯化,但未显现出酶活性。用FPLC对HDAC1进行进一步分离,结果表明,HDAC1发生了分子聚集,使得它们的分子量大于正常分子量。结论:活性His/GST-HDAC1不能用大肠杆菌BL21成功表达。     

HeLa细胞端粒酶的分离纯化及其蛋白质组分的研究

根据端粒酶含有蛋白质组分和RNA组分的特点,采用寡核苷酸亲和纯化法从HeLa细胞蛋白粗提物中分离纯化人类端粒酶,纯化产物以TRAP法检测其延伸端粒活性,并采用RNA印迹法进行鉴定,然后从纯化产物中分离蛋白质组分,以SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测其蛋白质亚基成分,可见到4种蛋白质亚基成分,与蛋白质分子质量标准比较,有两条位置接近212.2 ku,一条接近116.0 ku,一条接近42.7 ku.结果表明,蛋白质寡核苷酸亲和纯化法一步性分离纯化HeLa细胞端粒酶可得到端粒酶活性片段.     

GCG干预LMP1激活的NF-κB信号转导通路中的靶分子

为阐明在鼻咽癌 (nasopharyngealcarcinoma,NPC)细胞中茶多酚干预EB病毒潜伏膜蛋白 1(latentmembraneprotein 1,LMP1)激活的NF κB信号转导通路中的靶分子 ,采用EBV阴性及阳性的鼻咽癌细胞系CNE1和CNE1 LMP1细胞 ,利用噻唑蓝 (MTT)法 ,观察表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯 (EGCG)对CNE1和CNE1 LMP1细胞生存率的影响 .采用瞬间转染及报道基因法观察EGCG对NF κB活性的作用 .利用间接免疫荧光法 ,观察EGCG对NF κB (p6 5 )核移位的影响 ,再分别提取CNE1和CNE1 LMP1的胞浆及胞核蛋白 ,通过蛋白质印迹分析EGCG抑制NF κB (p6 5 )的核移位后胞浆及胞核蛋白中NF κB (p6 5 )的变化 .采用蛋白质印迹分析EGCG对IκBα的磷酸化水平的影响 .采用瞬间转染及报道基因法观察EGCG对EGFR启动子活性的影响 ,并用蛋白质印迹分析EGCG对EGFR自身磷酸化的作用 .结果表明EGCG对鼻咽癌细胞的抑制作用有剂量依赖性 ,并可抑制NF κB的活性 .EGCG能抑制NF κB (p6 5 )的核移位 ,并抑制IκBα的磷酸化 .EGCG对NF κB信号通路下游的靶基因EGFR的启动子活性及自身磷酸化都有抑制作用 .由上述结果可以推断 ,EGCG对信号转导通路上的NF κB、NF κB (p6 5 )、IκBα、EGFR多个靶点分子具有干预作用 .LMP1是EB病毒编码的蛋白质 ,因此 ,EGCG抑制     

无标签人源性脂联素球状结构的表达、纯化与活性检测

目的:利用基工程方法构建无标签人性脂联素球状结构(gAd)基的核表达载体,并对重组蛋白进行诱导表达、纯化及鉴定.方法:从正常人脂肪组织里提取总 RNA,反转录合成 cDNA,经 PCR 扩增、酶切后连入pET-22b(+)载体构建重组质粒 pET-22b(+)-gAd,转化大肠杆菌 BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,经低温、低浓度 IPTG 诱导使其可溶性表达,采用硫酸铵沉淀、凝胶过滤层析和离子交换层析三步分离纯化,得到不带任何标签的人性gAd;运用 SDS-PAGE、Western 印迹、HPLC 对重组蛋白进行鉴定,通过对 AMP 激活的蛋白激酶(AMPK)的磷酸化水平检测纯化蛋白的生物学活性.结果:构建了核表达载体 pET-22b(+)-gAd,实现了人性 gAd 在核细胞中的可溶性表达,纯化的蛋白经 SDS-PAGE 和 Western 印迹分析证实为 gAd,HPLC 分析蛋白纯度达到95%以上;通过对 AMPK磷酸化水平的检测,证明纯化的 gAd 具有高生物学活性.结论:重组表达和纯化了无标签、高生物学活性的人性脂联素球状结构,为其进一步的理论研究、生产开发奠定了基础.     

抗植物病原真菌紫叶小檗内生真菌的筛选和鉴定

对紫叶小檗根、茎、叶和果实中分离纯化得到的28株内生真菌进行液体培养,培养物烘干研磨后用丙酮浸提,测定各提取物对5种供试植物病原真菌的抑菌活性,对抗菌谱较广的菌株进行分子鉴定,并分别测定其胞内、胞外代谢产物的抑菌活性.结果显示:(1)紫叶小檗25株内生真菌中有5株菌(R3、S4、L6、F2、F6)的抗菌谱较广,其中,茎中的内生菌S4抑菌活性最强,对5种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性均大于90％,对马铃薯干腐病菌的抑菌率最高达93.06％.(2)经鉴定S4为子囊菌门的Para phaeos phaeria属真菌.(3)S4菌丝体丙酮提取液对马铃薯干腐病菌的抑菌率随其浓度(加入体积)的增加而增大,呈正相关线性关系(y=15.334x+14.618,r=0.99),而S4发酵液对马铃薯干腐病菌的抑菌率随其浓度(加入体积)的增加而减小,呈负相关线性关系(y=-20.196x+64.984,r=0.99),即在较高浓度时促进病原菌生长.研究表明,紫叶小檗内生真菌S4菌株的抑菌活性成分主要为胞内代谢产物.     

人HMGB1酸性尾端对其抗菌活性的影响

为研究人高迁移率族蛋白B1(high-mobility group box-1HMGB1)酸性尾端对其抗菌活 性的影响,提取人外周血单个核细胞总RNA,经RT\|PCR扩增得到编码人HMGB1的cDNA及其缺失酸性尾端的突变体cDNA(mcDNA),原核表达载体pQE\|80L分别表达重组人HMGB1蛋白(rhHMGB1)及缺失酸性尾端的突变体蛋白(mrhHMGB1),经Ni^2+_- NTA亲和层析柱纯化两种蛋白.通过试管稀释法、琼脂扩散法两种体外抗菌实验观察,并比较rhHMGB1mrhHMGB1抗菌活性的差异.实验结果显示,rhHMGB1对大肠杆菌JM109、ATCC2592 2、DH5α有明确的抗菌活性,其抗菌活性强弱依次为JM109>ATCC25922>DH5α,而mrhHMGB1 对大肠杆菌JM109、ATCC25922、DH5α则均无抗菌活性.实验结果表明,人HMGB1的酸性尾端对其抗菌活性的发挥至关重要,此研究为进一步探讨人HMGB1抗菌功能的机制奠定了基础.     

Induction of Immune Responses in Mice after Intragastric Administration of Lactobacillus casei Producing Porcine Parvovirus VP2 Protein

Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 was selected as an antigen delivery vehicle for mucosal immunization against porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection. A 64-kDa fragment of PPV major protective antigen VP2 protein was used as the parvovirus antigen model. A recombinant Lactobacillus expressing VP2 protein was constructed with plasmid pPG611.1, where expression and localization of the VP2 protein from recombinant Lc393-rPPV-VP2 was detected via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Both local mucosal and systemic immune responses against PPV were induced in BALB/c mice immunized orally with the recombinant Lactobacillus expressing VP2 protein. The induced antibodies demonstrated neutralizing effects on PPV infection. These data indicated that the use of recombinant lactobacilli could be a valuable strategy for future vaccine development of PPV.     

Molecular Cloning of Hemocyanin cDNA from Fenneropenaeus chinensis and Antimicrobial Analysis of Two C-terminal Fragments

Peptides derived from shrimp hemocyanin have antimicrobial properties. This is the first report of hemocyanin cDNA (FCHc) cloned from Fenneropenaeus chinensis and recombinant expression of two C-terminal fragments. Based on sequence analysis of Fenneropenaeus chinensis hemocyanin FCHc, we subcloned two FCHc fragments by designing special primers. Two antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were derived from FCHc (FCHc-C1 and FCHc-C2). The recombinant sequence of FCHc-C1 consisted of 207 bp encoding 69 amino acids and the recombinant sequence of FCHc-C2 consisted of 120 bp encoding 40 amino acids. The results of Tricine–sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting indicated that recombinant FCHc-C1 and FCHc-C2 peptides (rFCHc-C1 and rFCHc-C2) were expressed successfully. An inhibition assay showed that FCHc-C1 and FCHc-C2 were anionic AMPs with antifungal and antibacterial activities.     

Inhibition of japanese encephalitis virus infection by flavivirus recombinant e protein domain III

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus closely related to the human pathogens including yellow fever virus, dengue virus and West Nile virus. There are currently no effective antiviral therapies for all of the flavivirus and only a few highly effective vaccines are licensed for human use. In this paper, the E protein domain III (DIII) of six heterologous flaviviruses (DENV1-4, WNV and JEV) was expressed in Escherichia coli successfully. The proteins were purified after a solubilization and refolding procedure, characterized by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Competitive inhibition showed that all recombinant flavivirus DIII proteins blocked the entry of JEV into BHK-21 cells. Further studies indicated that antibodies induced by the soluble recombinant flavivirus DIII partially protected mice against lethal JEV challenge. These results demonstrated that recombinant flavivirus DIII proteins could inhibit JEV infection competitively, and immunization with proper folding flavivirus DIII induced cross-protection against JEV infection in mice, implying a possible role of DIII for the cross-protection among flavivirus as well as its use in antigens for immunization in animal models.     

Isolation and identification of a new intracellular antimicrobial peptide produced by Paenibacillus alvei AN5

A wild-type, Gram-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming and motile bacteria has been isolated from palm oil mill sludge in Malaysia. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the bacteria belonged to genus Paenibacillus. With 97 % similarity to P. alvei (AUG6), the isolate was designated as P. alvei AN5. An antimicrobial compound was extracted from P. alvei AN5-pelleted cells using 95 % methanol and was then lyophilized. Precipitates were re-suspended in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), producing an antimicrobial crude extract (ACE). The ACE showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Escherichia coli ATCC 29522, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 and Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8014. By using SP-Sepharose cation exchange chromatography, Sephadex G-25 gel filtration and Tricine SDS-PAGE, the ACE was purified, which produced a ~2-kDa active band. SDS-PAGE and infrared (IR) spectroscopy indicated the proteinaceous nature of the antimicrobial compound in the ACE, and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy and de novo sequencing using an automatic, Q-TOF premier system detected a peptide with the amino acid sequence F–C–K–S–L–P–L–P–L–S–V–K (1,330.7789 Da). This novel peptide was designated as AN5-2. The antimicrobial peptide exhibited stability from pH 3 to 12 and maintained its activity after being heated to 90 °C. It also remained active after incubation with denaturants (urea, SDS and EDTA).     

Effect of Ottoman Viper (Montivipera xanthina (Gray, 1849)) Venom on Various Cancer Cells and on Microorganisms

Cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects of Montivipera xanthina venom against LNCaP, MCF-7, HT-29, Saos-2, Hep3B, Vero cells and antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal species: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, E. coli O157H7, Enterococcus faecalis 29212, Enterococcus faecium DSM 13590, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, S. typhimirium CCM 5445, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 6957 and Candida albicans ATCC 10239 were studied for evaluating the potential medical benefit of this snake venom. Cytotoxicity of venom was determined using MTT assay. Snake venom cytotoxicity was expressed as the venom dose that killed 50 % of the cells (IC₅₀). The antimicrobial activity of venom was studied by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disc diffusion assay. MIC was determined using broth dilution method. The estimated IC₅₀ values of venom varied from 3.8 to 12.7 or from 1.9 to 7.2 μg/ml after treatment with crude venom for 24 or 48 h for LNCaP, MCF-7, HT-29 and Saos-2 cells. There was no observable cytotoxic effect on Hep3B and Vero cells. Venom exhibited the most potent activity against C. albicans (MIC, 7.8 μg/ml and minimal fungicidal concentration, 62.5 μg/ml) and S. aureus (MIC, 31.25 μg/ml). This study is the first report showing the potential of M. xanthina venom as an alternative therapeutic approach due to its cytotoxic and antimicrobial effects.     

Antimicrobial activity of invertebrate-pathogenic fungi in the genera Akanthomyces and Gibellula

Infectious disease caused by antibiotic resistant microorganisms is a global public health problem. There is a need to search for new bioactive compounds from new sources. In this study, we focused on invertebrate-pathogenic fungi infecting spiders. One hundred and sixty-five crude extracts from Akanthomyces (n = 45) and Gibellula (n = 10) were screened for their antimicrobial activity against nine human pathogens. Twenty-one extracts out of 165 (12.73%) from 16 (29.09%) isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity against at least one test strain. The most activity was against Staphylococcus aureus American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 25923) (8.48%) followed by Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90112 (3.03%), C. neoformans ATCC 90113 (2.42%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) SK-1 (2.42%), Penicillium marneffei (2.42%), Microsporum gypseum (1.21%), Candida albicans ATCC 90028 (1.21%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (0.61%) and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (0.61%), respectively. The ethyl acetate extract of mycelia from Gibellula pulchra EPF083 had the strongest broad spectrum antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 16 μg/ml against S. aureus ATCC 25923, MRSA SK-1, C. neoformans (ATCC 90112 and ATCC 90113) and P. marneffei and exhibited fungicidal activity against C. neoformans ATCC 90112 and P. marneffei with minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of 16 and 32 μg/ml, respectively. These preliminary data show that invertebrate-pathogenic fungi could be a potential source of antimicrobial agents.     

Anticancer Activities of Antimicrobial BmKn2 Peptides Against Oral and Colon Cancer Cells

There is considerable current interest in developing antimicrobial and anticancer agents with a new mode of action. The antimicrobial peptides are regarded as a potential solution for treating cancer cells. The antimicrobial effect of 6 synthetic peptides against 7 bacterial species was evaluated. The result showed that IsCT, BmKn2 and BMAP-28 exhibited broad range of action against Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, methicillin resistant S. aureus DMST 20651, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Acinetobacter baumanii ATCC 19066, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella typhi DMST 562 at minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 2.97–24.28 μM. Neither AMP induced significant hemolysis, or showed cytotoxic on dental pulp stem cells and smooth muscle cells at their MICs. In addition, BmKn2 inhibited growth of human oral squamous carcinoma HSC4 cells and human colon cancer SW620 cells with IC₅₀ of 17.26 and 40 µM, respectively. Taken together, BmKn2 peptide from scorpion venom may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for development of cationic antimicrobial and anticancer peptides as potential new therapeutic agents.     

Preadministration of a T-suppressor factor enhances tumor immunity in DBA/2 mice

Summary Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) activated with recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) generate potent lytic activity (LAK) against a variety of malignant cells. IL-2 alone is sufficient for LAK generation, but high concentrations are needed to generate optimal cytotoxicity. Our recent studies based on combinations of biological agents indicated that alternative activation pathways may exist. Synergy for LAK induction was investigated using IL-2 and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF). Single-cell suspensions of primary human lung carcinomas were prepared from seven established cell lines and 32 fresh tumor specimens. Not only were all cell lines sensitive to allogeneic LAK, but also all fresh tumors were sensitive to some degree to both autologous and allogeneic LAK lysis measured by a 4-h ⁵¹Cr-release assay. LAK-mediated cytotoxicity, induced with a combination of human recombinant IL-2 (Cetus, 100 U/ml) and TNF (Genentech, 500 U/ml), showed a mean fourfold increase (range 0.7–16.3) over IL-2 alone. No lytic activity was generated from PBM incubated with media or TNF alone. The sequence dependence of adding IL-2 and TNF in enhancing cytolytic activity was also studied. In vitro kinetics data revealed that the addition of TNF 2–6 h before the addition of IL-2 greatly increased LAK activity over that obtained from the simultaneous addition of the two cytokines. These results demonstrated (a) the synergy of IL-2 and TNF for generating LAK; (b) the lysis of fresh primary lung cancer cells by LAK; and (c) the sequence dependence of IL-2 and TNF for the induction of optimal LAK activity.This work was supported by NCI Grants RO2-CA45225 and CAO 9611-01, and by an award from the Prouss Foundation