芒AFLP反应体系的建立

以芒DNA为材料,对AFLP分子标记分析中的基因组酶切体系选择性扩增中Mg2+、dNTP和Taq酶浓度等4个因素进行了比较。结果表明20μL基因组双酶切体系中,使用1UEcoRⅠ和1UM seⅠ酶切3 h能够实现完全酶切;选择性扩增的PCR 10μL反应体系中1.4 mmol.L-1Mg2+,0.4 mmol.L-1dNTP及0.6 U Taq酶是进行芒AFLP分析的最佳反应条件,能够得到丰富稳定的带纹。该体系的构建为AFLP技术在芒相关研究中的应用奠定了基础。     

裸燕麦AFLP反应体系的优化

影响裸燕麦AFLP反应的关键因素包括基因组DNA提取过程中氯仿-异戊醇的抽提次数,酶切时间,预扩增产物稀释倍数,选择性扩增中Mg2+、dNTP、引物浓度等.本研究对这些影响因素进行了优化,初步建立了适合裸燕麦的AFLP反应体系.并将该体系应用于引物筛选,在12份材料中,共筛选出20对条带清晰、多态性好的引物组合,为裸燕麦遗传多样性分析提供了基础.     

华中五味子AFLP反应体系的建立

目的：建立一个适于华中五味子研究用的AFLP反应体系。方法：以华中五味子硅胶干燥嫩叶为试材,采用改良CTAB法提取到高质量DNA。通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对MseⅠ/EcoRⅠ双酶切、连接、预扩增和选择性扩增过程中的关键因素进行分析。结果：双酶切6h,片段主要集中在250～2000bp;连接产物和预扩增产物最适稀释倍数均为10倍;预扩增产物经选择性引物E-ACT/M-CAT和E-ACA/M-CAG扩增,琼脂糖电泳检测其主带分别集中在250～375bp和500～750bp,6%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测及银染,条带清晰可辨。结论：该体系具有稳定性高、重复性好等优点,可用于华中五味子AFLP分析。     

蜡梅AFLP分子标记技术体系的建立

利用简易CTAB法、改良的CTAB法和SDS法提取蜡梅[Chimonanthus praecox(L.)Link]成熟叶和嫩叶的基因组,并进行了检测比较。结果显示,改良的CTAB法更适合蜡梅基因组DNA的提取,蜡梅叶片的年龄并不影响蜡梅基因组DNA的提取;同时利用AFLP分子标记技术,采用MseI-EcoR I酶切组合,从168对引物中筛选出10对带型分布均匀、多态性高且分辨能力强的引物,分别为:M23E46、M24E46、M25E46、M23E47、M24E47、M41E47、M41E94、M64E94、M64E66和M24E75,并确定了适用于蜡梅AFLP反应的最佳酶切连接、预扩和选扩体系,从而为今后利用AFLP分子标记技术研究蜡梅的品种分类和野生居群的遗传多样性分析打下坚实的基础。     

盐肤木基因组DNA提取方法改进及AFLP体系的建立

经过反复试验,摸索出一种提取高质量植物基因组DNA的方法:改良的4×CTAB法.以盐肤木叶片为实验材料,提取到高质量的基因组DNA,建立了酶切、连接、预扩增、选择性扩增的AFLP反应体系.通过两种引物组合"E+3/M+3"和"E+2/M+3"策略筛选出8对条带分辨率高、多态性好的引物组合,优化了盐肤木的AFLP银染反应...     

华中五昧子AFLP反应体系的建立

目的:建立一个适于华中五味子研究用的AFLP反应体系.方法:以华中五味子硅胶干燥嫩叶为试材,采用改良CTAB法提取到高质量DNA.通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对Mse I/EcoR Ⅰ双酶切、连接、预扩增和选择性扩增过程中的关键因素进行分析.结果:双酶切6 h,片段主要集中在250～2 000bp;连接产物和预扩增产物最适稀释倍数均为10倍;预扩增产物经选择性引物E-ACF/M-CAT和E-ACA/M-CAG扩增,琼脂糖电泳检测其主带分别集中在250～375 bp和500～750 bp,6%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测及银染,条带清晰可辨.结论:该体系具有稳定性高、重复性好等优点,可用于华中五味子AFLP分析.     

短蛸AFLP分子标记分析体系的优化与建立

本研究构建了短蛸扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)分析体系,对DNA提取、双酶切反应、连接反应、预扩增反应、选择性扩增反应和银染等步骤进行了分析。得到了一种适于短蛸AFLP技术分析的优化体系,该体系中各优化因素为:模板DNA浓度为200 ng/μL;酶切体系中,MseI和EcoR I各加入5 units,缓冲液使用MseI buffer Tango,反应时间为3-4 h;连接最适反应时间为12 h;预扩增产物最适稀释倍数为20倍。该体系的构建为AFLP技术在短蛸分子遗传多样性研究中的应用奠定了基础。     

光皮桦AFLP分子标记体系的建立

为了建立光皮桦AFLP分子标记体系,利用SDS法、常规CTAB法和CTAB-硅珠法提取光皮桦(Betula luminifera H.Wink.)嫩叶DNA,并进行检测比较.结果显示,CTAB-硅珠法更适合光皮桦基因组DNA的提取,所得在基因组DNA纯度高OD值在1.8左右,适用于AFLP分析.利用AVLP分子标记技术,采用Mse I-EcoRI酶切组合,从64个引物组合中筛选出51个带型分布均匀、多态性高且分辨能力强的引物组合.同时,通过对比实验确定了光皮桦AFLP反应的最佳模板DNA用量为300ng、酶切时间4h和预扩增产物稀释倍数30倍等,优化了相关AFLP反应体系,为今后利用AFLP分子标记技术研究光皮桦野生居群的遗传多样性分析和分子遗传图谱的构建打下坚实的基础.     

南药益智AFLP-PCR体系的建立与优化

[目的]建立适合南药益智的扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)扩增体系来研究不同地理居群益智遗传多样性。[方法]利用植物基因组试剂盒法提取高质量的益智基因组DNA,采用单因素和正交试验对AFLP过程中的酶切和PCR相关影响因素进行优化,并对适合益智AFLP分析的引物组合进行筛选。[结果]实验结果表明最佳酶切反应体系:模板DNA 0.6μg,酶量20 U,酶切时间2 h;最佳AFLP-PCR选择性扩增反应体系(总体积为25μL):10×PCR Buffer(不含Mg2+)2.5μL,d NTPs 2μL,Mg2+(25mmol/L)1.5μL,引物(10 pmol/μL)各2.0μL,Taq酶(5 U/ml)0.5μL,模板稀释25倍2μL。利用建立的最佳扩增体系从64对引物中筛选获得8对选择性引物适合益智AFLP分析。[结论]建立了稳定的AFLP-PCR体系,为研究益智遗传多样性的AFLP分析奠定了基础。     

云斑尖塘鳢AFLP分析技术的建立

以云斑尖塘鳢为对象,对其扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）体系中的连接、预扩增、选择扩增等关键步骤的参数进行了对比实验。结果表明,在采用磷酸化接头,预扩增PCR增加延伸反应及20倍稀释预扩增产物的条件下,可得到清晰稳定的电泳图谱。所筛选的48个引物组合中,14个引物组合的产物带型稳定清晰,分布均匀,扩增片段为50-70条。本研究获得的AFLP优化参数及引物能够运用于云斑尖塘鳢群体遗传分析及分子辅助育种研究。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.