3,4‘,5—三羟基芪对外源性自由基发生致心肌损伤的保护作用

３,４’,４－三羟基芪能明显抑制外源性外源自由基发生素（ＯＦＲＧＳ）所致大鼠心肌肌膜和尼一粒体膜脂质过氧化物的增加。显著抑制ＯＦＲＧＳ引起的大鼠岂线粒体膨胀度增加,整体实验,ＴＳＨ能显著对抗阿毒素所致的心肌损伤。     

大鼠心肌整体缺血及离体再灌注致生物膜的损伤作用

目的和方法：利用整体大鼠异丙肾上腺素损伤（ISO）和离体大鼠全心停灌／再灌（I／R）两种模型,观察了心肌缺血和缺血／再灌注对心肌生物膜－线粒体膜及肌纤维膜损伤的影响。结果：ISO（5mg/kg,皮下注射）和I／R（20min/20min)可导致大鼠心脏生物膜产生严重损伤,表现为心肌线粒体脂质过氧化产物明显增加,线粒体磷脂酶A2（PLA2）激活,从而导致线粒体膜磷脂（PL）含量减少,磷脂分解产物游离脂肪酸（FFA）增加,膜脂流动性（LFU）降低,线粒体Ca^2 -ATPase及肌纤维膜Na^ ,K^ -ATPase活性降低,线粒体呼吸功能降低、呼吸链氧化磷酸化解偶联,高能磷酸化合物生成减少。结论：整体ISO和离体I／R可导致大鼠心肌线粒体、肌纤维膜结构和功能损伤。     

Iuteolin对糖尿病大鼠心脏功能的保护作用及其可能机制

目的：研究Iuteolin对链脲佐菌素诱导的Ⅰ型糖尿病大鼠心功能及心肌线粒体氧化应激的影响。方法：雄性SD大鼠,随机分成正常对照组,Iuteolin对照纽,糖尿病模型组,低剂量Iuteolin（10ms／（kg·d））灌胃治疗组,高剂量Iuteolin（100ms／（kg·d））灌胃治疗组。各组大鼠饲养8周后,测体重、血糖、心功能、左心室重量、心肌胶原含量及活性氧自由基（ROS）水平,分离心肌线粒体检测ROS水平、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及线粒体肿胀程度。结果：Iuteolin处理对糖尿病大鼠血糖无明显影响,但可减少糖尿病引起的体重下降。高剂量Iuteolin可显著减小糖尿病大鼠心室与体重比值,提高左室发展压,降低左室舒张末压。高剂量Iuteolin治疗后,糖尿病大鼠心肌ROS及胶原含量。心肌线粒体ROS水平与肿胀程度均明显下降,心肌线粒体SOD活性明显增加。结论：Iuteolin处理可显著改善糖尿病大鼠心功能．其机制可能与减轻心肌线粒体氧化应激及抑制线粒体肿胀有关。     

运动对大鼠体内锌代谢及H~＋─转运ATP酶的影响

本实验初步观察了运动过程中大鼠体内锌的变化情况以及运动对大鼠心肌线粒体能量转换功能的影响。结果提示：一次力竭运动可使大鼠体内锌代谢发生改变,变化的原因可能与摄入不足、运动机体需要增加等有关。一定强度的运动训练不足以使心肌线粒体功能发生明显改变,但一次力竭性运动可以导致心肌线粒体膜的流动性发生明显变化,Ｈ＋转运ＡＴＰ酶活性明显降低。     

运动性疲劳状态下大鼠心肌线粒体内膜变化的研究

采用递增负荷力竭性运动模型,观察了Ｓｐｒａｇｕｅ－Ｄａｗｌｅｙ大鼠急性运动至力竭后心肌线粒体内膜流动性、ＮＡＤＨ－ＣｏＱ还原酶及ＡＴＰ酶活性的变化。结果表明,大鼠心肌线粒体内膜荧光偏振值较安静时显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）,示膜流动性降低。线粒体内膜ＮＡＤＨ－ＣｏＱ还原酶和肌线粒体内膜功能改变,其膜流动性和呼吸链酶活性变化,可能是运动性疲劳的重要膜分子制之一。     

过度训练状态下心肌损伤线粒体机制的研究

目的：探讨过度训练状态下心肌组织损害的线粒体机制。方法：应用形态学手段和分子生化技术,观察运动后大鼠心肌组织酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、β-葡萄糖醛酸酶（β-GLU）和心肌线粒体膜通透性转换孔（肿）等指标的变化。结果：运动后心肌ACP和β-GLU活性明显增加,PTP开放增加。结论：过度训练后心肌线粒体的结构和功能发生了明显变化,这些变化可能与PTP开放增加密切相关。     

大豆磷脂脂质体对再灌注心肌线粒体的影响

利用Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆｆ离体心脏灌流装置,研究在缺血－再灌注时补充大豆磷脂脂质体对心肌线粒体膜脂质特性和超微结构的影响。结果：在缺血－再灌注时补充大豆磷脂脂质体可提高线粒体膜磷脂含量,抑制胆固醇－磷脂摩尔比和膜脂质微粘度的增加,改善线粒体的超微结构。结果表明,补充大豆磷脂脂质体对再灌注心肌线粒体的脂质特性和超微结构的损伤性变化具有保护作用。     

运动对大鼠休内锌代谢及H^＋—转运ATP酶的影响

本实验初步观察了运动过程中大鼠体内锌的变化情况以及运动对大鼠心肌线粒体能量转换功能的影响。结果提示：一次力褐运动可使大鼠体内锌代谢代发生改变,变化的原因可能与摄入不足、运动机体需要增加等有关。一定强度的运动训练不足以使心肌线粒体功能发生明显改变,但一次力竭性运动可以导致心肌线粒体膜的流动性发生明显变化,Ｈ＾＋转运ＡＴＰ酶活性明显降低。     

热应激大鼠心肌钙代谢的变化及其机理探索

心肌细胞内钙离子对心功能的调节有着极其重要的作用。本研究观察了不同热应激强度下大鼠心肌细胞内质网、线粒体中钙含量,Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力,内质网Ｃａ２＋主动转运速率及心肌ＡＴＰ含量的变化。研究结果表明,热应激大鼠心肌细胞内质网、线粒体钙含量随肛温升高显著下降;大鼠肛温达４２℃时,其钙含量分别较对照下降３２．２％和４６．５％;心肌细胞内质网和线粒体Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力亦明显降低,线粒体Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力下降幅度更为激烈。热应激大鼠心肌内质网Ｃａ２＋主动转运速率和Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力变化趋势相同,且两者呈密切相关关系。热应激大鼠心肌ＡＴＰ含量亦随肛温升高大幅度降低,当动物肛温超过４２℃时,其可降至对照动物的３７．５％;热应激大鼠心肌ＡＴＰ含量的变化与内质网Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力关系密切。实验结果提示：热应激心肌细胞质膜受损所致细胞Ｃａ２＋主动转运功能紊乱及心肌能量代谢障碍是心肌钙稳态失调的主要原因;心肌细胞钙代谢紊乱是诱导心肌细胞严重受损,导致热应激机体心血管功能失调,甚至心功能衰竭的重要机制     

支链氨基酸对心肌缺血大鼠线粒体损伤的保护作用

目的和方法：本文用异丙肾上腺素（Ｉｓｏ） 造成大鼠心肌缺血动物模型,观察支链氨基酸（ＢＣＡＡ）对大鼠心肌缺血时线粒体结构和功能损伤的预防作用。结果：ＢＣＡＡ 能显著降低心肌缺血后心肌线粒体中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ） 水平、维持线粒体模平均微粘度（－η） 、线粒体呼吸链中细胞色素氧化酶及心肌肌球蛋白ＡＴＰａｓｅ活力。结论：给予ＢＣＡＡ对保护大鼠心肌线粒体的结构和功能免受缺血性损伤具有一定效果     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.