PEDV流行株的分离鉴定及其遗传进化分析

为了解中国猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)的流行现状,本研究对上海和江苏地区猪场进行了PEDV流行株的分离鉴定。根据GenBank中PEDV的基因序列,对其M基因设计检测引物。检测临床采集的猪腹泻样品,2份临床样品能扩增出特异性目的条带,测序结果证实为PEDV M基因片段。将检测为PEDV阳性的样品接种Vero细胞,并添加不同浓度的胰酶进行病毒传代培养,在添加适量胰酶的Vero细胞上分离到两株病毒并能稳定传代、增殖。选择第22代病毒饲喂新生仔猪,进行回归试验,结果两株细胞毒均能使1日龄仔猪出现典型腹泻症状,进一步证实成功分离到PEDV,命名为JSLS/PEDV/1/2014和JS/PEDV/2/2014株。遗传进化分析,JS/PEDV/2/2014和JSLS/PEDV/1/2014分离株的M基因分别与中国毒株HLJ-2012、BJ-2012-1亲缘性最近;S基因与I群PEDV流行毒株亲缘性最近;两个毒株的ORF3基因均存在51个碱基缺失,与DR13处于同一大分支,与CV777亲缘性较远。     

Ⅱ型登革病毒D01090株在人胚肺二倍体细胞KMB17上适应株选育及初步鉴定

目的:选育能在人胚肺二倍体细胞KMB17上稳定增殖的Ⅱ型登革病毒适应株,为研发以人源性细胞为基质的登革疫苗候选株奠定基础。方法:将Ⅱ型登革病毒中国株D01090提取病毒基因组,通过RT-PCR法进行登革病毒型别鉴定后,在C6/36和Vero细胞上进行毒种扩增和滴度测定;将D01090毒株以4.0MOI接种KMB17细胞并反复传代至病毒完全适应在细胞内扩增,并连续传代10代,选育出良好的KMB17细胞适应株;病毒培养液经蔗糖梯度离心和超速离心后获得高浓度病毒液,接种KMB17细胞后通过透射电镜超薄切片检测细胞的病理变化;然后经过三轮蚀斑纯化筛选出纯化病毒株,免疫荧光法检测病毒纯化株的抗原性。结果:以Ⅱ型登革病毒中国株D01090基因组为模板,能扩增出511bp的登革病毒特异基因和119bp的Ⅱ型登革病毒型特异性基因。病毒经C6/36细胞扩增后滴度达4.5CCID50/ml,感染KMB17细胞至第三代可产生明显的细胞病变(cytopathic effect,CPE),连续传10代细胞病变速度逐渐增快,至第10代达到增殖高峰,病毒滴度达5.0CCID50/ml;将病毒感染6天后病变达+++的KMB17细胞进行超薄切片后经透射电镜观察细胞的病理变化,镜下可观察到内质网中新组装成的病毒颗粒,细胞周围产生很多分裂的小碎片,伴有游离出胞的病毒;三轮蚀斑纯化后筛选出纯化克隆,免疫荧光法检测病毒的抗原性呈阳性。结论选育出了能稳定传代且病毒扩增量高的Ⅱ型登革病毒KMB17细胞适应株,经蚀斑纯化后仍保持较好的抗原性。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒CH/JL毒株S基因的克隆、序列分析及线性抗原表位区的鉴定

以猪流行性腹泻病毒CH/JL毒株的RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增获得的3个相互重叠的cDNA克隆覆盖了S基因,序列比对结果表明:PEDV CH/JL株S基因与CV777、Brl/87、JS、KPEDV和Chinju99毒株S基因核苷酸序列的同源性分别为96.97%、96.87%、96.41%、94.02%和93.93%,氨基酸序列的同源性分别为96.17%、95.88%、96.10%、92.36%和92.05%;分子进化树分析结果显示,PEDV CH/JL株S基因与JS毒株S基因亲缘关系最近,处于同一群。利用DNAstar Protean程序预测了PEDV CH/JL株S蛋白一个抗原表位区(83~276aa),将其克隆到原核表达载体pGEX-6p-1后转化E.coliBL21(DE3)感受态细胞,在终浓度1.0mmol/L的IPTG诱导下获得了表达,Western blot结果显示,预测的抗原表位区GST融合蛋白能与猪流行性腹泻病毒多克隆抗血清反应,提示该抗原表位区含有线性抗原表位。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒S2截短肽的原核表达及其线性B细胞表位区鉴定

【背景】由猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)引起的猪流行性腹泻给养猪业造成了巨大的经济损失。PEDV S蛋白可以诱导宿主产生中和抗体。【目的】原核表达PEDV CV777疫苗株S2截短肽(aa:961-1 382)并制备其多克隆抗体;鉴定表达的S2截短肽上的线性B细胞表位区。【方法】将经密码子优化的PEDV S2截短肽编码DNA (s2t)克隆至载体p ET-28a中并转化Escherichia coli BL21(DE3),利用IPTG诱导S2截短肽表达。以经SDS-PAGE切胶纯化的重组S2截短肽免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体。在E. coli BL21中GST融合表达覆盖S2截短肽序列全长、彼此重叠8个氨基酸残基的系列16肽。以制备的抗S2截短肽兔血清为一抗,通过Westernblot(WB)筛选系列16肽中的阳性反应性16肽,鉴定S2截短肽上的线性B细胞表位区。【结果】重组PEDV S2截短肽的相对分子质量约为50 kD;诱导4 h表达量最高,且主要形成包涵体。WB结果显示,纯化的S2截短肽能被猪抗PEDV血清识别;以纯化的S2截短肽免疫新西兰大白兔制备多抗血清,ELISA法检测抗体效价位于1:25 600-1:102 400之间。免疫组化和间接免疫荧光分析均表明,制备的多抗血清可以识别Vero细胞培养的PEDV DR13弱毒株。以制备的多抗血清通过WB从52个GST融合表达的16肽中鉴定到11个阳性反应性16肽。WB分析显示,得到的阳性反应性16肽都可以被猪抗PEDV血清识别。鉴定到的阳性16肽在S2截短肽上形成4个线性B细胞表位区(aa:969-984;1 065-1 096;1 225-1 280;1 361-1 382)。【结论】高效价抗PEDV S2截短肽多克隆抗体的制备和S2截短肽上线性B细胞抗原表位区的确定有助于了解S蛋白的结构与功能,为建立有效的PEDV检测方法奠定了基础。     

中国株EIAV S2基因逆向突变感染性克隆的构建及体外感染性评价

以中国株EIAV的驴强毒株EIAVDV115与疫苗株EIAVFDDV15的S2基因变化规律为依据,利用反向遗传技术对EIAV弱毒疫苗株全基因组感染性克隆pFDDV3-8的S2基因区进行逆向突变,构建了含有强毒株EIAVDV115S2基因区内4个稳定点突变的克隆质粒pFDDVS2r1-3-4-5,将该质粒转染FDD后进行体外继代盲传,经RT-PCR、逆转录酶活性、间接免疫荧光等检测后,显示经EIAV克隆质粒pFDDVS2r1-3-4-5转染的FDD盲传3代后,可在转染的FDD细胞培养物的上清液中检测到EIAV逆转录酶活性;该细胞培养物经RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光检测均呈EIAV阳性;在电镜下可观察到典型EIAV粒子。证明已成功拯救经EIAVS2基因逆向突变后的衍生病毒vpFDDVS2r1-3-4-5。比较vpFDDVS2r1-3-4-5衍生病毒与亲本克隆衍生病毒的复制动力学,表明前者的复制比后者略滞后。以上结果提示,对疫苗株S2基因的突变未明显影响EIAV的体外复制。     

猪δ冠状病毒(PDCoV)N蛋白的原核表达及多克隆抗体制备

旨在表达和纯化猪δ冠状病毒(PDCoV)N蛋白并制备该蛋白的多克隆抗体。以RT-PCR扩增PDCoV N基因并与表达载体pET-28a构建重组质粒,转化Transetta(DE3)菌株诱导表达,SDS-PAGE鉴定融合蛋白表达,以纯化的N蛋白免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,Western blot验证兔抗血清特异性,间接ELISA测定抗血清效价。利用间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)、免疫荧光试验(IF)、流式细胞术(FCM)鉴定其诊断应用价值。重组N蛋白为可溶性表达,大小约为44 kD,制备的兔抗N蛋白抗体效价可达1∶204 800。IFA与FCM试验证实该抗体能与PDCoV特异性结合,与PEDV及TGEV无交叉反应,IF试验表明该抗体可用于检测小肠组织中的PDCoV。     

2010～2012年华中地区猪流行性腹泻病毒分子特征和遗传进化分析

2010年底开始,猪流行性腹泻(Porcine epidemic diarrhea,PED)在中国境内出现严重暴发。为探讨该病突然再次暴发的原因,对2010年10月至2012年6月于华中地区11个地市收集的12株猪流行性腹泻病毒(Porcineepidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)S、M和ORF3基因进行RT-PCR扩增、克隆及测序,并对其序列变化、遗传进化关系、抗原位点、糖基化位点和多肽极性进行分析。结果显示,12株PEDV流行毒株S、M和ORF3基因部分核苷酸及氨基酸的改变使其关键序列明显不同于以往毒株,其中有11株流行毒株的S基因比现用疫苗毒株CV777多9个核苷酸,而且在其S1区N′端存在大量的氨基酸突变。遗传进化分析显示,12株PEDV华中地区毒株与2007～2009年韩国毒株、2007～2008年泰国毒株、2009～2010年越南毒株、2011年日本毒株及2010～2012年中国其它地区流行毒株亲缘关系均较密切,而与欧洲株(CV 777、Br1/87)、中国现用疫苗株(CV777)及2003～2007年中国分离株(LJB/03、JS-2004-2、DX、QH、LZC)亲缘关系均较远。与现用疫苗株(CV777)相比,流行毒株S蛋白的抗原位点、糖基化位点和跨膜螺旋均有明显改变,提示PEDV在近年呈现快速变异和进化的趋势,因而可能需要选择更有效的疫苗株来控制PEDV的暴发。     

PEDV S蛋白B细胞抗原表位的筛选和鉴定

以猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)S基因的免疫优势区S1(1～2367bp)为靶基因,利用基于gⅢ表达外源多肽的fd丝状噬菌体展示系统,构建S1基因噬菌体展示肽库,以纯化病毒制备的兔抗PEDV多克隆血清为靶蛋白,对S1基因噬菌体展示肽库进行3轮生物淘选,结果获得3个高亲和力的序列,分别命名为S1P1(248～280位氨基酸)、S1P2(442～499位氨基酸)和S1P3(697～742位氨基酸).ELISA和蛋白质印迹结果显示,S1P1、S1P2和S1P3短肽都能被兔抗PEDV多克隆血清识别,其中S1P3反应性最强.为了进一步揭示S1P1、S1P2和S1P3短肽的抗原性,制备了3个短肽GST融合蛋白和它们串连后GST融合蛋白的单因子血清,间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)结果证实,抗S1P2-GST、S1P3-GST和S1P123-GST融合蛋白的单因子血清能够识别Vero细胞培养物中天然的PEDV.     

猪丁型冠状病毒HB-BD株的分离与鉴定

猪丁型冠状病毒(Porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)是一种新的引起仔猪腹泻的冠状病毒,目前国内对PDCoV分离的研究较少。为从腹泻仔猪粪便及肠道内容物中分离鉴定PDCoV,本研究将RT-PCR检测为PDCoV病原阳性的腹泻样本,接种到ST细胞,进行病毒的分离传代。通过观察其细胞病变,RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光方法检测鉴定,并对分离株的S、M、N基因进行测序鉴定及序列分析。结果成功分离得到了PDCoV HB-BD株。经序列同源性分析发现,HB-BD分离株S、M和N基因与近年来国内外的流行毒株同源性很高,核苷酸同源性分别为95.8%～99.1%、98.6%～99.4%和97.8%～99.4%。进化树分析表明HB-BD分离株与中国毒株亲缘关系比其他国家近,处于同一分支。结果证实从腹泻仔猪的肠道内容物中分离并鉴定得到了一株猪丁型冠状病毒,本研究为后续分离株的致病性及生物学特性研究奠定了基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5蛋白重组腺病毒的构建与免疫原性测定

应用RT-PCR方法扩增出猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒国内分离株S1毒株的GP5基因序列,然后通过KpnI和XhoI酶切位点把该基因克隆入经过同样双酶切的穿梭载体pShuttle-CMV中。重组穿梭载体经过酶切和PCR鉴定后进行测序,证明所克隆入的基因以正确的阅读框插入。获得的重组穿梭载体经线性化后与腺病毒骨架载体共转化大肠杆菌BJ5183菌株。纯化的重组腺病毒质粒经酶切线性化后转染293细胞获得重组腺病毒。重组腺病毒经纯化后进行RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光鉴定,证明了用PRRSVGP5蛋白基因所构建的重组腺病毒成功的表达了GP5蛋白。猪体免疫试验后收集血清进行中和实验证明所构建的重组腺病毒在猪体内能够诱导产生中和抗体,因此我们所构建的重组腺病毒可以作为PRRSV基因工程疫苗研究候选病毒株。     

Studies on Virus Diarrhea and Mucosal Disease of Cattle

Outbreaks of virus diarrhea and mucosal disease were studied and certain clinical and pathological criteria applied in making a diagnosis of one or the other disease. An attempt was made to verify the diagnosis in each case by serological means in field outbreaks and by transmission of the disease experimentally in calves using post-mortem material.Serological studies in field outbreaks produced inconclusive results. Quite consistent results were obtained from transmission trials. Experimental calves developed diphasic temperature rises, leukopenia, and oral hyperemia with or without erosions. Specific antibody induced in experimental calves was capable of neutralizing the standard Oregon C24V strain of virus diarrhea. It was therefore apparent that the viral isolates obtained from nine outbreaks in this study were closely related. It was concluded that there were not two diseases, but one, and that according to priority should be called virus diarrhea.     

麻疹病毒全长cDNA构建及其感染性的研究

为发展新型疫苗和改造目前使用的麻疹病毒疫苗,以麻疹病毒疫苗株为模板,构建了具有感染性的麻疹病毒cDNA克隆.用RT-PCR分6段扩增出麻疹病毒全长基因,通过酶切、拼接构建麻疹病毒疫苗株CC-47的全长正链cDNA序列,并精确地置于T7启动子控制下与丁型肝炎病毒核酶序列之前.克隆麻疹病毒CC-47株蛋白N、P、L编码区质粒并置于T7启动子控制下,用4个质粒共转染哺乳动物细胞,在表达T7 RNA聚合酶的重组痘苗病毒VTF7-3的作用下进行病毒拯救.经免疫荧光、PCR等方法检测证实,获得了具有感染性的麻疹病毒.所拯救的病毒在哺乳动物细胞连续传3代后,仍能检出病毒抗原和核酸.     

Bovine Diarrhea Virus

Five strains of bovine diarrhea virus were isolated from Japanese cattle using bovine tissue cultures. These are the first isolations of this virus from Japanese cattle to be reported. Of importance is the finding that the new isolates, which are non-cytopathogenic, induce an exaltation of Newcastle disease virus in bovine testicular cell culture. This finding has provided a laboratory tool whereby the assay of the virus and its neutralizing antibody can readily be performed.     

一种新香菇病毒基因组部分cDNA序列及病毒RT-PCR检测

本文报道从香菇菌丝体和子实体中分离到一种大小约20nm×(100-200)nm的杆形病毒颗粒,病毒基因组是大小约8.0kb的dsRNA。对病毒基因组部分cDNA序列进行克隆,完成1457bp的核酸序列测定(Accession No:GQ372842),该序列含1个不完整ORF,编码314个氨基酸残基,推测为病毒RNA聚合酶部分序列。病毒基因组部分cDNA序列与GenBank中的已知核酸序列无明显同源性,表明它可能是新发现食用真菌病毒。为了对实验室和野外的香菇病毒进行快速检测,我们根据得到的病毒基因组部分cDNA序列设计特异性引物,建立了一种方便、有效检测香菇病毒的RT-PCR方法,对感染病毒异常菌丝体中的病毒成功地进行了检测。     

Complete Genome Sequence of a Variant Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Strain Isolated in China

Since October 2010, an outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) has been observed in some provinces of China. Here we report the complete genome sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) strain LC, which was recently isolated from sucking piglets that suffered from severe watery diarrhea in Guangdong. It will help in understanding the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of PEDV in China.     

禽流感和新城疫病毒二重荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法的建立

目的：建立二重荧光定量RT-PCR方法,用于禽流感病毒（AIV）和新城疫病毒（NDV）的检测。方法：根据AIV和NDV的基因保守序列,设计了AIV和NDV的2对特异性引物和2条用不同荧光基团标记的TaqMan探针;对反应条件和试剂浓度进行优化,建立了能够同时检测AIV和NDV的Z-重荧光定量RT-PCR方法。结果：所建方法特异性好,对AIV和NDV的检测敏感性均达到2000个模板拷贝数,比常规RT-PCR敏感性高100倍;抗干扰能力强,对AIV和NDV不同模板浓度进行组合,仍可有效地同时检测2种病毒。对保存的AIV或NDV鸡胚尿囊液及临床病料进行二重荧光定量RT-PCR检测,结果尿囊液检测的拷贝数均达到10^10/μL以上,临床病料的拷贝数为2．13x10^8-6．52x10^4／μL。结论：建立了用于检测AIV和NDV的二重荧光定量RT-PCR法,该方法特异、敏感、快速、可定量,对AIV和NDV的防制有重要意义。     

Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus

A large epizootic of an acute respiratory disease of cattle occurred in Japan during the months from October 1968 to May 1969. A virus was recovered in primary cultures of calf kidney and testicle cells from nasal swabs of affected cattle. Neutralization tests revealed the virus to be closely related to the Long strain of human respiratory syncytial virus. The virus induced cytopathic changes including the formation of syncytia and acidophilic-cytoplasmic inclusions in calf kidney and testicle cell cultures. A calf inoculated with the virus by the respiratory route developed an illness resembling the natural disease. Most cattle clinically diagnosed as having the disease showed significant rises of neutralizing antibody titer for the isolated virus, whereas none or only small fractions of those animals showed serological evidence for recent infection with bovine ephemeral fever virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, Ibaraki virus, bovine diarrhea virus, bovine adenovirus Type 7 and parainfluenza virus Type 3. Neutralization tests on paired sera revealed a wide dissemination of the isolated virus among cattle in many areas of the country during the epizootic. All these findings leave no doubt that the epizootic was caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus. This is the first study that ever shows the presence of infection of cattle with this virus in Japan.     

Bovine Diarrhea Virus

Marked cytopathic changes were induced by challenge with Newcastle disease (ND) virus in bovine testicle or kidney cell cultures which were previously infected with non-cytopathogenic strains of bovine diarrhea (BD) virus. No cytopathic changes were induced by ND virus in similar cells not infected with BD virus. The development of cytopathic effect was shown to be associated with enhancement of ND virus replication. This exalting effect of BD virus appears to be dependent on infectivity, since the effect was inhibited when infection of the cells with BD virus was blocked by specific antiserum. Various factors involved in the phenomenon were investigated and an in vitro method (END) for the assay of BD virus and its antibodies was developed. The use of this method eliminates the difficulties in recognizing non-cytopathogenic strains of BD virus which hampered systematic investigations of the nature and behavior of BD virus as well as of the natural history and pathogenesis of the infection in cattle.     

Microtiter Tests for Detecting Antibody in Bovine Serum to Parainfluenza 3 Virus, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus, and Bovine Virus Diarrhea Virus

Microneutralization tests for detection of antibody in bovine serum to three bovine viruses are described. The Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell line was used with parainfluenza 3 virus (PI 3), whereas serially cultivated bovine embryonic kidney cells were used for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and bovine virus diarrhea virus. Comparison of micro-hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) with micro-serum-neutralization (SN) tests for PI 3 showed the SN test to be more sensitive, more specific, and therefore more useful than the HI test for detecting antibody. Although the effect of trypsin-periodate treatment of serum was to reduce the HI titer of numerous sera by a twofold dilution, sufficient evidence could not be found to indicate that nonspecific HI inhibitors to PI 3 are present in bovine sera.