富锌酵母的选育及培养条件研究

对402株不同种属的酵母菌株进行了出筛、复筛、单倍体分离、诱变,从亲株Y-6-16-18（a met）accharomyces cerevisiae）和Y378-4-15（α-leu）（Sacharomyces kluyveri）的杂交菌株中选育到一株富锌酵母菌株（编号为ZGH374）。并初步优化了发酵条件：培养基为80g/L糖浓度的麦芽汁、10g/L蛋白胨、锌添加量400μg/mL,pH 6.0,装液量40mL/250mL三角瓶,接种量10%（V/V）,培养起始添加锌盐,培养时间30h。在优化的条件下,杂交菌株ZGH374的生物量（细胞干重）达到14.3g/L,细胞锌含量可达到9.3mg/g,锌总含量达到了133mg/L。     

甲基对硫磷水解酶的重组表达及其纯化和性质研究

用PCR方法获得甲基对硫磷水解酶编码基因,构建了重组表达质粒pET29a_mpd,将其转化至Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导表达,得到C末端含有6个寡聚组氨酸的甲基对硫磷水解酶,用NiNTA亲和层析纯化得到具有活性的甲基对硫磷水解酶。测定了环境因素对酶活性的影响及酶动力学参数。甲基对硫磷水解酶水解甲基对硫磷时,最适pH86～8.8,最佳反应温度15℃;Mn2+、Zn2+、Cu2+可使酶活性增加15%～20%,Ca2+、Mg2+微弱地促进酶的作用,Ni2+对酶活性几乎无影响;1mmol/L EDTA·Na2+几乎不影响酶的活性,而10mmol/L EDTA·Na2+对甲基对硫磷水解酶有较强的抑制作用。甲基对硫磷水解酶水解乙基对硫磷时,最适pH86。25℃时,该酶对甲基对硫磷的米氏常数Km为（68.6 ± 5.1）μmol/L,kcat为（45 ± 6 ）S-1;对乙基对硫磷的米氏常数Km为（59.5 ± 6.0）μmol/L,kcat为（8 ± 1） S-1。Kcat/Km表明甲基对硫磷水解酶对甲基对硫磷的催化效率更高。     

培养幽门螺旋杆菌的发酵工艺研究

采用摇瓶微需氧培养技术,模拟发酵条件,探讨不同因素（pH、转速、种子菌接种量）对幽门螺旋杆菌（Helicobacter pylori,Hp）生长的影响,优化工艺参数,并级联放大到10L发酵罐发酵,经多次实验,建立了稳定的Hp发酵工艺,24h发酵细菌的最大吸光度A600达3.89,收获菌体湿重达5.2g／L。     

利用微生物混合培养技术生产聚羟基烷酸(PHA)研究

研究了圆褐固氮菌(Azotobacter chroococcum)突变株G3与巨大芽孢杆菌(Bacillus megaterium)G6发酵生产聚羟基烷酸(PHA)的人工可配伍性,确定了它们混合培养的适宜条件,先将G3菌株发酵培养24～28 h后,再以15%(v/v)接种量接入G6菌株并同时补加05%(g/g)蛋白胨(FP)和0.5%(g/g)NH4NO3,继续混合培养42～46h,细胞干重达32 g/L,PHA含量为80%,再结合补料技术最终生物量可达53 g/L,PHA产生量达42.4 g/L。糖对PHA的转化率为0.32。人工混合培养成功地解决了固氮菌发酵生产PHA过程中,发酵液粘度过高,传质较差,补糖总量上不去等技术问题。     

一株高效抗砷喜温硫杆菌工程菌的构建

利用DNA体外重组技术,将大肠杆菌质粒载体pUM3上的抗砷基因簇片段亚克隆到含有强启动子（tac启动子）并具有广泛寄主范围特性的IncQ族质粒pMMB24上,删除调节基因片段,构建了含有强启动子、可在tra基因诱动下转移的组成型表达的抗砷质粒pSDRA4。通过接合转移的方式将其导入专性自养极端嗜酸性喜温硫杆菌Acidithiobacillus caldus中,构建了冶金工程菌Acidithiobacillus caldus (pSDRA4),接合转移频率为（1.444±0.797）×10-4。表明在大肠杆菌和喜温硫杆菌之间成功地建立了一个遗传转移系统。经检测,重组质粒在喜温硫杆菌中具有较好的稳定性,在无选择压力条件下传代50次基本保持稳定（重组质粒保留76% 以上）。经抗砷性能检测,与野生菌相比,构建的喜温硫杆菌工程菌抗砷能力明显提高,从10mmol/L提高到45mmol/L。     

新型球孢白僵菌孢子悬乳剂的高效杀蚜活性及其评价方法

用球孢白僵菌（Beauveria bassiana）SG8702的孢子悬乳剂与未剂型化孢子粉对桃蚜进行了杀蚜活性对比测定。孢子悬乳剂与孢子粉分别用水稀释成5个序列浓度,对甘蓝叶片上蚜虫进行相同时间的弥雾接种,前者孢子附着量分别为1.5～701.1个孢子/mm2 ,后者附着量分别为2.8～1005.9个孢子/mm2。蚜虫接种后置于23℃和12L：12D条件下饲养,定时观察8d。经时间—剂量—死亡率模拟分析,悬乳剂的剂量效应参数明显高于孢子粉,且杀蚜时间效应提前。用模型参数估计悬乳剂和孢子粉的LC50,接种后第4天分别为9.0和634个孢子/mm2,第7天为3.3和5.3个孢子/mm2。悬乳剂和孢子粉的LT50随叶面孢子附着量增大而下降,在100个孢子/mm2下为3.2d和4.5d。这表明孢子悬乳剂的杀蚜活性比未剂型化的孢子粉显著增强。作者讨论了杀虫微生物制剂评价的技术规范问题。     

产磷脂酶C芽孢杆菌Z-13产酶条件优化

以生物量和酶活为主要指标,采用单因素优化方法结合均匀设计试验,对芽孢杆菌Z-13产磷脂酶C(phospholipaseC,PLC)条件进行了优化。结果表明,该菌合适的产酶条件为:魔芋飞粉2.5 g/L、黄豆粉30 g/L、K2HPO4·3H2O 2.8 g/L、Zn2SO4·7H2O 1.3 g/L、接种量0.5%、摇床转速150 r/min、培养温度30℃、初始pH值9.0,在此条件下培养15 h,活菌总数为4.5×109CFU/mL,卵黄琼脂杯碟法测定磷脂酶C产生的沉淀圈(乳白色晕圈)直径可达30 mm。     

假丝酵母发酵玉米芯半纤维素水解液生产木糖醇

采用一株驯化过的假丝酵母(Candida sp.)直接发酵经过简单脱毒处理的玉米芯半纤维素水解液生产木糖醇。确定了水解液的最适浓缩倍数在3.0～3.72的范围内。利用正交实验,确定了摇瓶分批发酵工艺条件的最适组合为：摇床转速180r/min,起始C/N为50,起始pH 5.5,接种量5% (体积比)。在此基础上,重点研究了在发酵罐中通气量对酵母发酵玉米芯水解液生产木糖醇的影响。结果表明采用先高后低的分段通气发酵在木糖醇得率方面明显优于恒定通气发酵;其中,在0～24h,3.75 L/min;24～108h,1.25 L/min的分段通气条件下(装液量为2.5L),木糖醇得率(木糖醇/木糖,g/g) 达到0.75 g/g。该结果将有助于建立一种高效的、大规模的利用玉米芯半纤维素水解液发酵生产木糖醇的工艺。     

培养条件对赭曲霉菌球形成和坎利酮11α羟基化的影响

菌丝粗壮、分布均匀的菌球可提高赭曲霉11α羟基化的效率.控制赭曲霉菌球直径的平均大小可以通过选择不同的培养温度、装液量、以及转速等因素而达到.通过正交分析,确定培养温度为30 ℃,按孢子悬液浓度为108个/mL接种,装液量为50 mL/250 mL三角瓶,摇床转速为200 r/min时,菌球达到最佳直径2～3 mm之间...     

球孢白僵菌液体培养条件下淀粉酶的产生及活性影响因子

球孢白僵菌(Beauveria bassiana)是一种经典的昆虫病原真菌。利用自蚜虫分离的菌株SG8702对该菌产淀粉酶的条件及理化特性进行了研究。从二次旋转组合设计的13种液体培养基中,筛选出适合该菌产淀粉酶的培养基配方,其成份为可溶性淀粉0.3%,葡萄糖、蛋白胨和酵母粉各0.5%。含10.6个分生孢子/mL的此培养液恒温(25±1)℃振荡(120r/min)培养3.5d,菌丝生物量为16.7mg/mL,产淀粉酶量达527.1u/mg菌丝的最大值;培养液初始pH4～6最有利淀粉酶的产生,产酶量为1315.8～1439.2u/mg菌丝。淀粉酶活性在40℃、pH 4.0条件下最高,在pH 3～8范围内20℃下处理20min或在pH4～6范围内37℃下处理1 h酶活较为稳定;40℃下处理20min酶活保持90%以上,50℃和60℃下处理相同时间则酶活分别丧失52%和91%。一定浓度的Ca²⁺有利于酶活提高,但Cu²⁺、Mn²⁺、Na+、Hg²⁺、Fe²⁺和Mg²⁺等常见金属离子则不同程度地抑制酶活。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细