动情周期中大鼠输卵管与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白的表达

目的初步鉴定大鼠输卵管中存在与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白,并研究其在输卵管中的定位和不同动情周期中糖蛋白的表达变化.方法根据阴道涂片检查将大鼠分为:间情期(DE)组、动情前期(PE)组、动情期(E)组和动情后期(ME)组.用冰冻切片法、荧光组化技术和共聚焦显微镜技术观察大鼠输卵管中与BS-1结合糖蛋白的分布及表达变化.结果大鼠输卵管中存在与BS-1结合的糖蛋白,并呈节段性分布,即峡部＞壶腹部.动情周期中大鼠输卵管糖蛋白的表达:动情期＞动情前期＞动情后期＞间情期.结论大鼠输卵管与植物凝集素BS-1结合的糖蛋白在动情期(E)峡部上皮表达最明显,具有雌激素依赖性.     

沙眼衣原体感染后大鼠输卵管糖蛋白的变化

目的：研究沙眼衣原体（chlamydial trachomatis,CT）感染后,输卵管粘膜的结构及糖蛋白的变化。方法：60只成年Wistar雌性大鼠随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组单侧卵巢囊接种沙眼衣原体E型株,对照组接种2SP代替沙眼衣原体,分别于接种后第0.5、7、14天取材,在光镜下观察输卵管的结构变化,并采用PAS-Alcian blue染色显示输卵管内糖蛋白组分的变化。结果：对照组输卵管粘膜结构和糖蛋白组分无明显变化;实验组输卵管受损部位主要局限于粘膜层,PAS-Alcian blue染色显示沙眼衣原体感染可导致中性糖蛋白分泌减少。结论：沙眼衣原体的感染可使输卵管糖蛋白组分发生改变,这可能与反复感染的宫外孕、输卵管性不孕的发生有关。     

大鼠输卵管沙眼衣原体感染后体内树突状细胞的变化

目的观察大鼠输卵管沙眼衣原体(CT)感染后体内树突状细胞(DC)的变化.方法选择成年雌性Wistar大鼠,从卵巢囊接种沙眼衣原体E型株.于感染后第1/2d、7d、14d、21d、28d和第35d处死动物取材,显示输卵管和脾内DC的变化.结果 1. 实验1/2d组输卵管未出现S-100 DC,在实验第7d、14d、21d、28d和第35d组输卵管均有S-100 DC出现;2.感染后脾淋巴小结数量增多,体积较大,淋巴小结内S-100 DC密集,动脉周围淋巴鞘内S-100 DC增多.结论输卵管CT感染后,输卵管和脾内S-100 DC增加,提示在体内DC对CT具有抗原提呈和启动机体免疫应答的作用,DC具有作为CT治疗性疫苗基础构建的潜力.     

添加N-乙酰-D-半乳糖胺消除大豆凝集素抗营养活性的可行性研究

在以玉米淀粉和生大豆为主的日粮中添加糖配体(N-乙酰-D-半乳糖胺),通过观察肉鸡生长性能和大豆凝集素与肠道细胞结合率的变化,研究添加糖配体消除大豆凝集素(SBA)抗营养活性的可行性,并进一步探讨该糖配体对抑制SBA引起的肉鸡生长性能下降的机理.试验选取40只健康的1日龄AA肉鸡,随机分为两组,每组4个重复,两组动物分别饲喂半纯合对照日粮和添加了500 mg/kg N-乙酰-D-半乳糖胺的试验日粮,自由采食和饮水,试验期25 d.结果显示:试验组肉鸡的平均日增重提高了31.1%,料肉比降低了11.2%;十二指肠和空肠上皮细胞的SBA结合率分别降低了56.5%和51.9%,说明添加N-乙酰-D-半乳糖胺能降低SBA与小肠上皮细胞结合,减少肠道损伤,可起到消除其抗营养活性的作用.     

大鼠输卵管感染沙眼衣原体后IL-18mRNA的表达及介质效应

目的通过大鼠沙眼衣原体(chlamydial trachomatis,CT)感染模型来研究白介素-18(IL-18)在初次感染后不同阶段的表达及其与干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)之间的介质效应.方法选择成年雌性SD大鼠24只,通过手术从一侧卵巢囊接种沙眼衣原体D型株,分别于感染后3d、7d、14d将大鼠处死,取手术侧输卵管以RT-PCR检测感染前后不同时间输卵管局部IL-18 mRNA及IFN-γ mRNA的表达量;用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法测定输卵管组织IFN-γ蛋白含量.结果在接种24h后即可检测到IFN-γ mRNA和IL-18 mRNA的表达,并持续升高.在感染后的3 d至7 d内,两种细胞因子的mRNA表达量一直处于高水平状态,大约两周后它们的mRNA表达已明显下降.感染组织内IFN-γ水平与基因表达趋势基本一致.相关分析表明,输卵管组织IL-18 mRNA表达与IFN-γ mRNA、IFN-γ水平均呈显著正相关.结论输卵管组织IL-18 mRNA表达在初次感染后早期即显著增多,并呈逐渐升高的趋势;感染后IL-18 mRNA基因表达对IFN-γ的生成具有重要影响.     

肥大细胞在大鼠输卵管急性沙眼衣原体感染中的作用

目的　为研究肥大细胞在大鼠输卵管急性沙眼衣原体 (Chlamydialtrachomatis,CT)感染中的作用。方法　选择成年雌性SD大鼠 6 0只 ,通过手术从一侧卵巢囊接种沙眼衣原体D型株 ,对照组接种 2 -SPA缓冲液。分别于感染后第 1/ 2d、第 7d、第 14d将大鼠处死 ,取手术侧的输卵管常规固定、脱水、包埋。结果　S -P法显示 :输卵管局部的CD4 + T细胞和血管内皮细胞粘附分子 (VCAM - 1)的表达均较对照组明显增强 (P <0 0 1)。改良的甲苯胺蓝染色法显示 :感染组肥大细胞较对照组数量有显著性增高 (P <0 0 5 ) ,并且其变化趋势与CD4 + T细胞和VCAM - 1表达的变化趋势一致。结论　可以推测 ,沙眼衣原体感染引起急性输卵管炎时 ,肥大细胞通过促进炎症局部小静脉内皮细胞上VCAM -1的表达 ,诱导CD4 + T细胞的浸润 ;然后分泌IL - 4等细胞因子促进CD4 + T细胞向TH2 细胞方向转化 ,不利于机体清除沙眼衣原体 ,从而使发生局部输卵管病理损伤的可能性增加。     

去唾液酸糖蛋白受体及其在药物肝靶向递送中的应用

去唾液酸糖蛋白受体(ASGPR)是肝细胞特异性表达的受体,且是一种高效的内吞型受体,去唾液酸糖蛋白、半乳糖、半乳糖胺、N-乙酰半乳糖胺等糖分子对其有高亲和性.该综述回顾了ASGPR的发现历程、结构特征、生物学功能、表达模式、胞吞特点.总结了影响ASGPR与其配体亲和、介导胞吞的影响因素(包括配体类型、触角数量、空间距离与颗粒粒径).概述了早期ASGPR与其特异性配体在药物递送中的应用.最后介绍了最近利用N-乙酰半乳糖胺的缀合或修饰来实现肝靶向核酸药物递送的研究进展.     

沙眼衣原体感染对大鼠着床期间子宫内膜E-cadherin的影响

目的 研究沙眼衣原体（Chlamydia trachomatis,CT）感染后大鼠着床期间子宫内膜上皮钙粘蛋白（E-cad-herin,E-cad）的变化。方法 大鼠雌雄合笼建立早孕模型,取正常和CT感染后妊娠4-7d的子宫组织,免疫组化SP法检测E-cad的表达。结果 正常和感染后妊娠组E-cad的表达均存在先上升后下降的趋势,表达峰值均在妊娠第6d,CT感染组低于正常组,且存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）;其表达部位在子宫内膜上皮细胞的胞膜或/和胞浆,蜕膜细胞无或少量表达。结论 沙眼衣原体感染后可能通过影响子宫内膜黏附分子E-cad的表达,破坏子宫内膜微环境,进而干扰早期妊娠。     

沙眼衣原体感染后妊娠大鼠子宫组织C3 和Crry mRNA的表达变化

目的通过大鼠生殖道沙眼衣原体(Chlamydia trachomatis,CT)感染模型研究CT初次感染后妊娠大鼠在胚胎着床期子宫局部补体C3和补体调节蛋白Crry的mRNA表达量的变化。方法选择成年雌性SD大鼠36只,随机均分为正常组和感染组,感染组通过阴道接种CT D型株。而后在妊娠大鼠的胚胎植入期(即妊娠第5、6、7d)分别处死大鼠,取子宫组织计数胚胎植入数,通过逆转录扩增(RT-PCR)方法半定量检测在胚胎植入期C3和Crry的mRNA的表达量的变化,并通过SPSS软件对数据差异显著性进行分析。结果1.感染组在植入期C3的mRNA比正常组高表达,差异有显著性(P<0.001);2.Crry的mRNA虽比正常组表达有所增加,但两组数据无显著性差异(P>0.05);3.感染组较正常组平均胚胎植入数下降(P<0.01),并且感染组C3mRNA的表达量与对应的胚胎植入数存在显著的负相关(r=(0.638,P<0.05)。结论大鼠生殖道感染CT后,妊娠大鼠胚胎植入数降低,而这种变化很可能与子宫局部补体C3的高表达及过量的补体活化有关。     

沙眼衣原体感染诱导小鼠生殖道局部促炎性细胞因子的表达情况

建立小鼠生殖道沙眼衣原体感染模型,观察小鼠生殖道局部促炎性细胞因子的表达。将小鼠生物型沙眼衣原体C. muridarum 1＆#215;104 IFU阴道接种于C57B6背景雌性小鼠,取感染后阴道拭子做沙眼衣原体培养,计算IFU,监测小鼠感染和病原体清除情况;80 d后处死小鼠,检测子宫输卵管病理改变;ELISA检测感染过程中小鼠生殖道促炎性细胞因子IL-1α、IL-6、MIP-2和TNF-α产生情况。小鼠感染在第3至第15天维持较高水平,然后病原体被逐渐清除,整个病程约3~5周;病理检测显示子宫输卵有严重炎症、管腔扩张积水,狭窄等;于感染后第3天检测到局部IL-1α、IL-6、MIP-2分泌,第7天达高峰,然后逐渐下降至正常水平（ IL-6于11 d恢复正常,IL-1α和 MIP-2于15 d恢复正常）。 TNF-α仅在第7天检测到高水平表达。相对于TNF-α和IL-6,IL-1α和MIP-2维持时间较长。成功建立沙眼衣原体感染小鼠生殖道模型,沙眼衣原体急性感染可诱导小鼠生殖道局部分泌IL-1α、IL-6、MIP-2和TNF-α。     

Immuno-biochemical studies of a non-histone chromosomal protein in embryonic and mature chick oviduct.

A non-histone chromosomal 95K protein (of mol.wt. 95 000) from hen oviduct was isolated and purified for antibody induction in the rabbit. Immuno-micro-complement-fixation and biochemical techniques were used to probe the presence of 95K protein in the oviduct chromatin of the embryonic and immature chick and the hen. The antiserum against 95K protein did not react with high-mobility-group proteins 1 and 2 obtained from oviduct, brain and liver, nor with histones. After limited digestion of chromatin with nucleases, until 10% DNA was hydrolysed, a small amount of 95K protein was released. Thus the 95K protein is probably not located in the region of chromatin that is sensitive to nuclease digestion. The amount of 95K protein in immature chick oviduct chromatin is less than that in the mature hen oviduct. However, the amount of 95K protein in the immature chick oviduct was increased after oestrogen administration. The presence of 95K protein in embryonic oviduct was detected in the 10-, 12-, 15- and 18- day chick embryo. The quantity of this protein increased with the age of the embryo and reached its highest value in the chromatin of the hen oviduct.     

Probable influence of ova and embryo prostaglandins in the differential ovum transport in pregnant and cycling rats.

In this study we explored the possible underlying mechanism(s) of the differential transport of unfertilized and fertilized ova in cycling and pregnant rats. The number of ova recovered from rat oviducts and uterus was not significantly different in estrus, metestrus and diestrus but dropped sharply at proestrus. When estrus rats were injected with indomethacin (10(-6)), a well known inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, delivered into both ovarian bursae, and sacrificed next day at metestrus, the number of ova in the oviduct was significantly smaller (p less than 0.025) than in controls at metestrus. On the other hand, when diestrus rats were injected with PGE1 (10(-6)) delivered into both ovarian bursae, and sacrificed next day at proestrus, no ova were found in the oviducts, and only a few of them were in the uterus. When fertilized ova were recovered from oviducts and uteri at day 4 of pregnancy (corresponding to proestrus of cycling rats) an average of 4 embryos were still found in the oviducts, proving a differential ovum transport between cycling and pregnant rats. In order to establish if there exists any ova or embryo releasing factor responsible for this difference, the prostaglandins released to the incubation medium by ovum or 3-day embryo were measured. Unfertilized ova produced significantly more PGE1 (p less than 0.05) than PGE2 or PGF2 alpha. The same pattern of PG production was observed with incubated embryos, but in this case the amount of PGE1 released was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) that the PGE1 released by unfertilized ova.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

A mannose-binding glycoprotein found in the 4 day post coital rat uterus is involved in pregnancy

Experiments were conducted to study the functional implication of a mannose-binding glycoprotein found in the day 4 post coital (p.c.) rat uterus, using a mono-specific polyclonal antibody raised against the glycoprotein. Western Blot and immunohistochemical techniques were employed to study the distribution of the glycoprotein, and the results suggest that this glycoprotein is present only in the day 4 p.c. uterus and is specifically localized in the stromal cells. Administration of anti-UA (Uterine Agglutinin) antiserum against the glycoprotein into the day 4 p.c. uterine lumen inhibits carrying of embryo to term. The antiserum is not embryo toxic. After in vivo in utero intra-luminal administration of anti-UA antiserum in day 4 p.c. rat the antiserum has been specifically localized in the uterine stroma by immunohistochemistry. After intravenous injection, the glycoprotein is cleared mainly through the kidney and liver. The possible role of this glycoprotein in the implantation process in rats has been discussed. From the data it is evident that UA may not be directly involved in sugar-sugar interactions with embryo since it is not present in any significant amount in pregnant uterus from day 5 onwards. Since other experiments show that UA does have some role to play in early pregnancy, UA probably acts through some other factor, and preliminary studies suggest that this factor maybe TGF-3.     

Presence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) proviral DNA in genital tract tissues of superovulated dairy goat does

Transmission of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) is not completely understood and the vertical route of infection from the goat to the embryo or to the fetus needs to be investigated. This route of infection involves the presence of CAEV in the genital tract tissues. Prior studies have detected CAEV-infected cells in genital secretions and in flushing media recovered during embryo collection from infected goats. To specify the origin of these cells, we conducted a double-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test on embryo flushing media and on mammary gland, mammary lymph node, synovial membrane, pelvic lymph node, uterus and oviduct tissues from 25 CAEV-infected (blood PCR positive) embryo donor goats for the presence of CAEV proviral DNA.The presence of proviral DNA was found in 22 of 25 mammary gland samples, 14 of 25 uterus samples, and in 16 of 25 oviduct samples. Nineteen of 25 goats had at least one positive genital tract sample. Flushing media from 11 goats were PCR positive. All goats with positive-flushing media were oviduct positive. Of this group of does, except for 1 of the 11, infection of flushing media correlated with infection of almost all the other tissues examined. The frequency of positive tissues for flushing media-positive goats (61/66; 92%) was significantly higher than that for flushing media-negative goats (50/84; 60%) (P<0.01).This study demonstrated the presence of CAEV-infected cells in the goat genital tract. The presence of CAEV-infected cells in the uterus and oviducts suggests potential for vertical transmission of CAEV from doe to embryo or fetus.