见血封喉内生真菌Rhizoctonia sp．J5化学成分研究

应用多种柱色谱技术,从见血封喉内生真菌Rhizoctonia sp.J5发酵液中分离纯化了7个化合物,根据理化性质和波谱数据分别鉴定为对羟基苯乙醇(1),对羟基苯甲醛(2),5-羟甲基-2-糠醛(3),甘草索(4),24-亚甲基-24(25)-二氢羊毛甾醇(5),(3α,5α,8α,22E,24R)-5,8-桥二氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3-醇(6),(3β,5α,8α,22E,24R)-5,8-桥二氧麦角甾-6,9(11),22-三烯-3-醇(7).以上化合物均为首次从见血封喉内生真菌中分离得到.抗菌活性测试结果表明化合物4具有抗金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌活性.     

三种毒菌的化学成分研究

本文对三种毒菌的化学成分进行了研究。从光盖伞(Psilocybe spp)分离鉴定了4个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定为:(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-十八烷酸酯(1)、β-胡萝卜苷(2)、(22E,24R)-5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8,22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(3)、色氨酸(4);从假褐云斑鹅膏(Amanita pseudoporphyria)分离鉴定了4个化合物:(22E,24R)-3β-羟基-5α,8α-过氧化麦角甾-6,22-二烯(5)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(6)、1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(2S,3R,4E,8E,2′R)-2-N-(2′-羟基棕榈酰)-9-甲基-4,8-脱氢鞘氨醇(7)、1-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(2S,3R,4E,8E,2′R)-2-N-(2′-羟基十八烷酰)-9-甲基-4,8-脱氢鞘氨醇(8);大青褶伞(Chlorophyllum molybdites)发酵菌丝体分离鉴定了4个化合物:5、6、(22E,24R)-5α,6α-环氧麦角甾-8(14),22-二烯-3β,7α-二醇(9)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(10)。除化合物9外其它化合物均为首次从以上相应毒菌中分离得到。     

茶褐牛肝菌化学成分研究

为了解茶褐牛肝菌(Neoboletus brunneissimus)的化学成分,共分离鉴定了18个化合物,经理化性质和波谱分析,分别鉴定为5α,8α-环二氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(1)、5α,8α-环二氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,9(11),22-三烯-3β-醇(2)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(3)、(24S)-麦角甾-7-烯-3β-醇(4)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(5)、(24S)-乙基胆甾烯-7-烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(6),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β,9α-四烯(7)、(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,7,2-三烯-3β-醇(8)、3β-O-吡喃葡萄糖基-5α,8α-环二氧-(22E,24R)-麦角-6,22-二烯(9)、富马酸单甲酯(10)、富马酸(11)、琥珀酸(12)、反-2-癸烯二酸(13)、烟酸(14)、烟酰胺(15)、莽草酸(16)、亚油酸-α-甘油酯(17)和1-O-吡喃葡萄糖基-(2S,3R,4E,8E,2′R)-2-N-(2′-羟基棕榈酰)-9-甲基-4,8-鞘氨醇(18)。以上化合物均为首次从茶褐牛肝菌中分离得到,其中化合物6、9、13和17为首次从牛肝菌科高等真菌中分离得到。     

草果果实的化学成分及其对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性研究

本研究通过系统分离探索了中药草果果实的化学成分。采用多种柱色谱手段对其乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过波谱法鉴定化合物的结构并通过PNPG法测定化合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。从中药草果果实的乙醇提取物乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离鉴定出11个化合物,分别为(R)-1-(1-ethoxypropyl)-3,5-dimethoxyphenol(1)、(R)-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)propan-1-ol(2)、3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯丙酮(3)、香草乙酮(4)、2,6二甲氧基-4甲基苯酚(5)、香兰素(6)、4-萜烯醇(7)、methyl (9S,10R,11E,13R,15Z)-9,10,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-11,15-dienoate(8)、methyl (9S,10R,11E,13R)-9,10,13-trihydroxyoctadec-11-enoate(9)、amomutsaoko A(10)以及renealtin A(11)。其中化合物1为酚类化合物,是作为天然产物首次报道,化合物10和11具有强于阿卡波糖的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。     

南海软海绵Halichondria sp.化学成分研究

利用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20、ODS柱色谱和HPLC等手段对南海软海绵Halichondria sp.化学成分进行分离纯化,从中分离得到了7个化合物。通过通过理化性质、波谱分析方法结合文献对照,鉴定了化合物的结构分别为:4α-Isocyanogorgon-11-Ene(1),homoverrucosanol(2),neoverrucosanol(3),5α,6α-环氧-(22E)-麦角甾-8,14,22-三烯-3β,7α-二醇(4),5α,8α-过氧-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(5),(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6α,9α-四醇(6),3β,5α,9α,14β-四羟基-(22E)-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-6-酮(7)。以上7个化合物都是首次从该属海绵中分离得到。对7个化合物进行了体外毒性实验,化合物1和3对HeLa肿瘤细胞株显示较弱的细胞毒性,其IC50值为33.7μM和43.8μM.     

土壤真菌 Aspergillus fumigatus固体发酵产物的化学成分及抗氧化活性研究

为研究来源于哀牢山国家级自然保护区河谷的土壤真菌Aspergillus fumigatus固体发酵产物的化学成分及抗氧化活性研究,采用正相硅胶柱层析、反相硅胶柱层析和Sephadex LH-20分离纯化,借助核磁共振波谱等方法鉴定化合物结构,从中共得到13个化合物,分别鉴定为rubrofusarin B(1)、rubrofusarin A(2)、carbonarone A(3)、aspernigrin A(4)、flavasperone(5)、(22 E,24 R)-5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(6)、(22 E,24 R)-5α,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,9(11),22-三烯-3β-醇(7)、ourosperone A(8)、(22 E,24 R)-麦角甾-5,7,22-三烯-3β-醇(9)、stigmast-1,5-dien-3β-ol(10)、fonsecinones A(11)、asperpyrone C(12)、asperpyrones B(13)。其中,化合物1~5和7~13为从该菌种中首次分离。抗氧化活性结果显示,化合物8对DPPH(IC₅₀=3.453 mg/mL)、ABTS+(IC₅₀=0.155 mg/mL)、OH(IC₅₀=0.019 mg/mL)自由基都有一定的清除效果。     

亚洲兰茂牛肝菌的化学成分及其活性

对亚洲兰茂牛肝菌Lanmaoa asiatica(“见手青”)的化学成分和生物活性进行研究。采用多种柱色谱技术以及重结晶等方式对其95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物进行分离纯化,共得到17个单体化合物。根据波谱数据及文献比对鉴定了化合物的结构,其中9个为甾体类化合物：citreoanthrasteroid(1)、1(10→6)abeo-麦角甾-5,7,9,22-四烯-11β-甲氧基-3α-醇(2)、3β,5α,9α-trihydroxy-6β-methoxyergosta-7,22-dien(3)、过氧化麦角甾醇(4)、9(11)-去氢过氧化麦角甾醇(5)、3β-羟基-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-5,8(9),22-烯-7-酮(6)、(24S)-麦角甾-7-烯-3β-醇(7)、22E,24R-麦角甾-7,22-二烯-3β-醇(8)和麦角甾醇(9);其余化合物分别为：腺嘌呤核苷(10)、5’-deoxy-5’-methylamino-adenosine(11)、5’-deoxy-5’-methylamino-9-(α-L-lyxofuranosyl)adenine(12)、(R)-4-me...     

滑桃树茎皮的化学成分

从大戟科植物滑桃树的茎皮中分离得到七个化合物,通过波谱分析或与已知化合物进行薄层层析对比,分别鉴定为β-谷甾醇(1)、胡萝卜甙(2)、蒲公英赛酮(3)、苔色酸乙酯(4)、苔色酸乙酯和甲酯混合物(4和5)、麦角甾-5α,8α-二环氧-22E,24R-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(6)和(2S,3S,4R,12E,2’R)-2-(2’-羟基-二十二碳酰胺基)二十碳-1,3,4-三羟基-12-烯(7)。其中化合物4、5、6和7为首次从该种植物中分离得到。     

烟管头草的化学成分及其细胞毒活性CSCD

为研究烟管头草(Carpesium cernuum)的化学成分及其细胞毒活性,采用多种色谱分离技术从烟管头草的95%乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取物中分离得到10个化合物。通过现代波谱技术鉴定了它们的结构,分别为(5 Z)-6-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-2-oxo-2,10,14-trimethylhexadeca-5,13-diene-11α-ol(1)、(2 E,10 E)-1,12-dihydroxy-18-acetoxy-3,7,15-trimethylhexadeca-2,10,14-triene(2)、(2 E,6 Z,10 E,12 R)-7-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-3,11,15-trimethylhexadeca-2,6,10,14-tetraene-1,12-diol(3)、(2 E,6 Z,11 S,12 R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadeca-2,6,14-triene-7-[(acetyloxy)methyl]-1,12,19-triol(4)、plaunotol(5)、S-(+)-dehydrovomifoliol(6)、pubinernoid A(7)、豆甾醇(8)、aurantiamide acetate(9)、反式对羟基肉桂酸(10),其中化合物1为新化合物。采用MTT法对人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231进行细胞毒活性,结果表明,化合物2有较强的细胞毒活性,其IC_(50)值为6.80μmol/L,化合物1、3和4有中等细胞毒活性。     

糙叶五加果实乙酸乙酯萃取部位化学成分及抗炎活性研究

基于脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小胶质细胞BV2为生物活性导向模型首次研究糙叶五加Acanthopanax henryi(Oliv.) Harms果实的化学成分。采用正反相硅胶柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、制备薄层、制备液相及重结晶等方法进行分离纯化,利用波谱分析结合理化性质鉴定化合物的结构。从糙叶五加果实甲醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位中分离得到18个化合物,分别鉴定为5-羟甲基-2-糠醛(1)、5-羟基麦芽酚(2)、原儿茶酸(3)、6-甲氧基-7-羟基香豆素(4)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、山奈酚-3-芸香苷(6)、(-)-松脂醇4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7)、(+)-simplexoside(8)、(-)-芝麻素(9)、松香(10)、苯甲基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷-6′-O-乙酸酯(11)、3,4-二羟基-p-薄荷-1-烯(12)、(4R)-p-薄荷-1-烯-4,7-二醇(13)、(2E,6R)-2,6-二甲基-2,7-辛二烯-1,6-二醇(14)、(+)-(3S,4S,6R)-3,6-二羟基-1-薄荷烯(15)、齐墩果酸-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷(16)、styraxlignolide E(17)、styraxlignolide D(18)。化合物2、8、10～15、17、18为首次从五加科植物中分离得到;化合物1和7为首次从五加属植物中分离得到;除化合物4～6、9、16外,其他化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。抗炎活性筛选结果表明,被测试化合物均表现出了一定的NO抑制活性,其中,化合物1、4、7、9、12、13、18表现出了适度的抑制NO生成的活性。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细