血清同型半胱氨酸及超敏C反应蛋白水平与老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的关系研究

目的:探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度的关系。方法:选择我院于2015年5月至2017年10月收治的141例老年原发性高血压患者作为研究对象。检测所有患者颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT),并根据IMT将其分为正常组(IMT≤1.0 mm,n=28)、增厚组(1.0 mmIMT1.5 mm,n=53)和斑块组(IMT≥1.5 mm,n=60)。比较三组患者血清Hcy、hs-CRP、总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平,采用Pearson相关分析四项指标与IMT的相关性,采用多元线性逐步回归分析IMT增厚的影响因素。结果:增厚组与斑块组血清Hcy、hs-CRP、TC、LDL-C水平均明显高于正常组,且斑块组血清Hcy、hs-CRP、TC、LDL-C水平明显高于增厚组,差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果表明,血清Hcy、hs-CRP、TC、LDL-C水平均与IMT呈正相关关系(r=0.775、0.836、0.492、0.415,均P0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,血清Hcy、hs-CRP均为IMT增厚的独立危险因素(OR=5.689、7.381,均P0.05)。结论:老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉粥样硬化程度与血清Hcy、hs-CRP关系密切,临床上检测其Hcy、hs-CRP水平可在一定程度上评估颈动脉粥样硬化程度。     

Hcy, hs-CRP与急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化关系的研究

目的:探讨急性脑梗死患者血清同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性及临床意义。方法:收集确诊为急性脑梗死患者90例,对患者进行颈动脉超声检查,根据颈动脉狭窄程度将患者分成颈动脉内膜正常组、轻度狭窄组、中-重度狭窄组。比较三组患者斑块检出率、Hcy、hs-CRP水平和IMT厚度,同时对Hcy、hs-CRP与IMT进行相关性分析。结果:中-重度狭窄组斑块检出率为86.4%,显著高于轻度狭窄组和颈动脉内膜正常组(P0.05);颈动脉内膜正常组Hcy、hs-CRP水平以及IMT厚度均显著低于颈动脉轻度狭窄组、中-重度狭窄组(P0.05);hs-CRP与IMT呈正相关(r=0.71,P0.05);Hcy与IMT呈正相关(r=0.79,P0.05)。结论:血清Hcy和hs-CRP水平与颈动脉粥样硬化程度密切相关,Hcy、hs-CRP联合检测对急性脑梗死的早期诊断和预后有着重要临床意义。     

颈动脉粥样硬化及主动脉瓣钙化与动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄的关系

目的:探讨颈动脉粥样硬化、主动脉瓣膜钙化(aortic valve calcification,AVC)与动脉粥样硬化性肾动脉狭窄(atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis,ARAS)的关系。方法:对我院162例行选择性冠脉造影合并肾动脉造影的患者进行颈动脉超声和超声心动图检查,测量颈动脉内中膜厚度(carotid artery intima-media thickness,CIMT)和主动脉瓣钙化的情况,根据患者是否患有ARAS进行分组,比较两组的性别、年龄、吸烟、病史、血脂水平、CIMT、颈动脉粥样硬化发生率和AVC发生率,计算颈动脉粥样硬化和AVC对ARAS的预测价值。结果:ARAS组高血压病史患者的构成比、胆固醇水平、CIMT、颈动脉粥样硬化发生率、AVC发生率均显著高于对照组,有明显的统计学差异(P0.05)。颈动脉粥样硬化预测ARAS的灵敏度较高,特异度偏低;AVC的灵敏度低,而特异度高;二者联合特异度明显增高。结论:颈动脉粥样硬化、AVC对ARAS的诊断有一定的参考价值,可用于排除诊断。     

急性脑出血患者颈动脉斑块与血清hs CRP 及HbAlc的相关性研究

目的:探究急性脑出血患者颈动脉斑块与血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及糖化血红蛋白(Hb Alc)的相关性。方法:随机选取我院2013年5月至2015年1月脑科收治的急性脑出血患者84例,根据颈动脉粥样硬化标准将所有患者分为单纯脑出血组(n=25)、轻度粥样硬化组(n=34)和重度粥样硬化组(n=25)三组,另选取同期我院健康体检者50人(对照组)。对比分析四组颈总动脉膜厚度(IMT)空腹血糖(FPG)、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、hs-CRP与Hb Alc水平,分析急性脑出血患者颈动脉斑块的危险因素。结果:四组的IMT、TC、TG、HDL、LDL、hs-CRP和Hb Alc水平差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05),其中hs-CRP和Hb Alc水平在单纯脑出血组轻度粥样硬化组重度粥样硬化组(P0.05);IMT与hs-CRP和Hb Alc均呈现正相关(r=0.388、0.420,P0.05);IMT、hs-CRP和Hb Alc均为颈动脉粥样硬化的危险因素(OR=3.065、1.978、1.647,P0.05)。结论:急性脑出血患者体内hs-CRP及Hb Alc水平是颈动脉斑块形成的危险因素。     

老年无症状性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化以及血清微量元素水平的改变

目的:研究老年无症状性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化以及血清微量元素水平的改变情况。方法:选取2014年1月至2015年6月在我院体检的无症状脑梗死患者78例为观察组和健康人群78例为对照组,分析两组患者的血清中微量元素、同型半胱氨酸水平(Hcy)和颈动脉粥样硬化状况。结果:经过超声检验发现,观察组患者中发现颈动脉粥样斑块的患者41例,无斑块患者37例,对照组人群78例中发现斑块的患者为21例,无斑块患者57例。根据检测结果显示,观察组的Hcy含量高于对照组,血清中的微量元素含量Zn~(2+),Mg~(2+),Cu~(2+),Pb~(2+)的含量观察组显著低于对照组,Ca~(2+),Fe~(2+),Cr~(2+)含量显著高于对照组。差异具有显著性(P0.05)。结论:人体内锌、铜、铅、镁这几种微量元素的含量与颈动脉粥样硬化与老年无症状性脑梗死的发生率呈负相关,血清内同型半胱氨酸水平(Hcy)的含量、铁、钙、铬元素的含量与颈动脉粥样硬化与老年无症状性脑梗死发生率呈正相关。     

应用多普勒检测糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块并分析其与hs-CRP、HCY的关系

目的:探讨糖尿病患者血C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)蛋白与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系.方法:收集58例糖尿病患者和42例体检正常者血浆,测定血hs-CRP、HCY蛋白水平,应用多普勒超声诊断仪检测颈动脉内膜、中层厚度(MT),观察颈动脉粥样斑块,并分析hs-CRP、HCY蛋白水平与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系.结果:糖尿病患者血hs-CRP、HCY含量、颈动脉MT和粥样斑块数较对照组明显增加(P<0.05);血hs-CRP、HCY水平与颈动脉MT及斑块数分别呈正相关(P<0.01).结论:hs-CRP、HCY可能在促进糖尿病及动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展中发挥了重要作用.可作为判断糖尿病患者病情程度和预后的评价指标.     

不同性别间颈动脉粥样硬化相关危险因素差异的研究

目的:探讨中年人群中不同性别间颈动脉粥样硬化相关危险因素的差异。方法:将104例中年颈动脉粥样硬化患者作为研究对象,其中男53例,女51例,比较两组体质量指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]、空腹血糖(FBG)、血尿酸(UA)、超敏CRP(hs-CRP)的差异。结果:男性组BMI、TG、UA较女性组高,HDL-C、Lp(a)较女性组低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:有些颈动脉粥样硬化相关危险因素在不同性别中年人群中具有差异。     

双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对动脉粥样硬化患者 血脂、颈动脉斑块和肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊辅助治疗颈动脉粥样硬化患者及其对患者血脂、颈动脉斑块和肠道菌群的影响。方法选择2017年1月至2017年10月在我院门诊治疗的颈动脉粥样硬化患者84例,随机分为观察组和对照组各42例。对照组患者均予以瑞舒伐他汀(10mg/次,1次/d)+肠溶阿司匹林片(100mg/次,1次/d)口服治疗,并根据病情酌情给予降压、降糖等治疗。观察组患者在对照组基础上加用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊630mg/次,3次/d,温水口服。两组患者疗程均为6个月。观察两组患者治疗前后血脂指标[总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)]水平、颈动脉斑块指标[颈动脉斑块内-中膜厚度(IMT)及斑块面积)及肠道菌群数量(双歧杆菌、乳杆菌和大肠埃希菌)的变化。结果治疗6个月后,两组患者TC、TG和LDL-C水平较治疗前均明显下降,HDL-C水平较治疗前均有明显上升(P0.05),且观察组变化幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05);两组患者颈动脉IMT及斑块面积较治疗前均明显下降(P0.05),且观察组下降幅度幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05);两组患者肠道双歧杆菌和乳杆菌数量较治疗前明显上升,大肠埃希菌数量较治疗前明显下降(P0.05或P0.01),且观察组变化幅度幅度较对照组更明显(P0.05)。结论双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊对颈动脉粥样硬化患者具有良好的协同降脂作用,并能延缓和逆转颈动脉粥样硬化,降低IMT及斑块面积。其作用机制可能与其能纠正肠道菌群紊乱,增加肠道有益菌数量,减少致病菌数量密切相关。     

原发性高血压患者动态动脉硬化指数与颈动脉粥样硬化及早期肾损害的相关性研究

目的:探讨原发性高血压(EH)患者动态动脉硬化指数(AASI)与颈动脉粥样硬化及早期肾损害的相关性。方法:选取2017年6月～2018年5月期间我院收治的147例EH患者记为EH组,根据患者颈动脉内中膜厚度(IMT)的不同,将IMT≥1.0 mm的患者记为颈动脉硬化组(n=78),IMT1.0 mm的患者记为无颈动脉硬化组(n=69);根据患者尿微量白蛋白(MAU)水平的不同,将MAU水平为0～30 mg/24 h的患者记为MAU正常组(n=86),MAU水平为30～300 mg/24 h的患者记为MAU升高组(n=61)。另选取同期于我院进行体检的健康志愿者60例记为对照组。比较EH组与对照组临床资料,比较EH患者中颈动脉硬化组、无颈动脉硬化组的AASI、颈动脉弹性功能参数,比较MAU正常组、MAU升高组的AASI、肾功能指标,采用Pearson相关性分析分析EH患者AASI与颈动脉粥样硬化及早期肾损害的相关性。结果:EH组吸烟人数、糖尿病人数、收缩压、舒张压、IMT、AASI、MAU显著高于对照组(P0.05)。颈动脉硬化组AASI、血管压力应变弹性系数(Ep)、硬度指数均显著高于无颈动脉硬化组(P0.05),血管顺应性(AC)明显低于无颈动脉硬化组(P0.05)。MAU升高组AASI显著高于MAU正常组(P0.05),PRO显著低于MAU正常组(P0.05);而MAU升高组与MAU正常组肾小球滤过率(GFR)、肌酐清除率(CCr)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。经Pearson相关性分析显示,EH患者中AASI与IMT、MAU、Ep、硬度指数均呈正相关性(P0.05),与PRO、AC呈负相关(P0.05),与GFR、CCr无相关性(P0.05)。结论:EH患者AASI与颈动脉粥样硬化及早期肾损害情况关系密切,临床可通过监测AASI,以尽早了解患者心血管事件发生风险及靶器官损伤程度。     

血清尿酸水平对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响

目的:探讨血清尿酸(UA)水平对急性脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的影响。方法:回顾性分析2011年6月至2016年1月我院收治的251例急性脑梗死患者的临床资料,根据有无颈动脉粥样硬化斑块分为伴颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组(观察组)176例和无颈动脉粥样硬化斑块组(对照组)75例,观察组根据颈动脉粥样硬化程度分为斑块形成组(113例)、内中膜增厚组(63例),根据颈动脉斑块稳定程度分为不稳定组(106例)、稳定组(70例),比较各组血清UA水平,根据UA水平不同分为高UA组(134例)和正常UA组(117例),进行颈动脉斑块发生情况比较。结果:观察组的血清UA水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。(1)斑块形成组和内中膜增厚组血清UA水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),而斑块形成组和内中膜增厚组血清UA水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(2)不稳定组血清UA水平显著高于对照组和稳定组(P0.05),而稳定组和对照组血清UA水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05);(3)正常UA组和高UA组颈动脉斑块的发生情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:血清UA水平可以作为表征急性脑梗死患者伴随出现颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的生物学指标之一,此外,血清UA的水平在颈动脉粥样硬化斑块形成者和不稳定者表达更高,但血清UA水平与颈动脉斑块形成无明显联系。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.