tPAcDNA在兔乳腺中的表达

组织型纤维原激活剂（tPA）的作用是激活血纤维蛋白酶原,从而溶解血栓。生物体内tPA的含量很低,远远不能满足临床需要。为了利用转基因动物生产tPA,需要对所用tPA乳腺表达载体pSVL－WAP－tPA2（Fig．1）进行予证。将三种特研究载体用脂质体包埋,注入中后期怀孕母兔乳腺。对乳汁、乳腺组织的mRNA和DNA分别进行检测。实验兔分娩后,每4天取乳汁冻存,ELISA检测其中tPA含量（Fig.2),泌乳期第4天最高可达600ng/ml。又,于乳腺注射第3天,手术切取部分乳腺组织,制备总RNA,以β－Casein启动子下游序列（TAC TAG…）为引物I,tPA上游序列（TTC CCA…）为引物II,做RT－PCR检测,表明：此时已有tPAmRNA转录（Fig.3)。再,于停乳后30天左右,切取部分乳腺制备DNA,以tPAcDNA为探针,做Southern杂交检测。表明：无tPA整合,仅是以附合体形式存在（Fig.4)。上述质粒直接注射技术是予证转基因用载体表达水平的快捷、简便方法。     

直接注射质粒DNA表达人G—CSF的研究

转基因动物研究发展至今,对于所构建煌表达载体有效性如何,一直缺乏一个验证体系。由于转基因动物的建立较为繁琐复杂,投资大,因而直接用转基因动物去验证所用元件是不明智的。为此,我们采用小鼠乳清酸蛋白（WAP）基因（2．6Kb)为调控序列,人G－CSF基因组基因为目的的自然,将WAP第一内含子置于G－CSF基因5’端,构建成转基因动物乳腺表达载体pINGG（Fig.1）。将表达质粒直接注射到怀孕小鼠乳腺。于分婉第8天取乳汗进行ELISA检测。在泌乳期小鼠乳汁中检测出人G－CSF,表达量达15－32ng/mL(Table1)。具有一定应用前景。实验中发现：增加注射次数可以提供转染效率,但最佳注射次数仍需摸索。另外,如果换用复制型载体,整合与表达效率有可能大大提高。     

牛β-乳球蛋白基因调控序列指导组织型纤溶酶原激活剂在小鼠乳腺中的表达

用全长8.4kb的牛β－乳球蛋白基因（BLG）作为调控序列,用1.6kb的鸡溶菌酶MAR序列作为对抗转基因中位点效应的工龄,构建了组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（tPA）乳腺表达载体。对2300枚卵进行显微注射,以PCR和Southern-Blot检测,在170只出生小鼠中获得9只整合有牛BLG－tPA融合基因的转基因小鼠,并在转基因小鼠乳汗中检测到tPA r itd ntg ,tPA的表达水平最高达到12μg/mL。整合的小鼠基因组中的牛BLG－tPA融合基因能稳定地遗传给子代。     

ＢＬＧ—ＬＡtPA和鼠ＷＡＰ共注射提高ＬＡtPA在转基因小鼠乳腺中的表达水平

为了提高长效组织纤溶酶原活剂（ＬＡtPA）在转基因小鼠乳腺中的表达水平,将受控于羊β－乳球蛋白（ＢＬＧ）的ＬＡtPA表达载体ＢＬＧ－ＬＡtPA与小鼠乳清酸蛋白（ＷＡＰ）基因片段进行共注射,采用此方法建立的转基因小鼠,经ＰＣＲ筛选和Ｓouthern印迹鉴定,获得３只ＬＡtPA和ＷＡＰ共整合阳性鼠,并在阳性母鼠乳汁中检测到有溶纤活性的ＬＡtPA表达,表达水平达到１０μg/mL。     

牛β-乳球蛋白基因调控序列指导组织型纤溶酶原激活剂在小鼠乳腺中的表达

用全长8.4kb的牛β-乳球蛋白基因(BLG)作为调控序列,用1.6kb的鸡溶菌酶MAR序列作为对抗转基因中位点效应的工具,构建了组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(tPA)乳腺表达载体。对2300枚卵进行显微注射,经PCR和Southern\|Blot检测,在170只出生小鼠中获得9只整合有牛BLG-tPA融合基因的转基因小鼠,并在转基因小鼠乳汁中检测到tPA的活性,tPA的表达水平最高达到12μg/mL。整合在小鼠基因组中的牛BLGtPA融合基因能稳定地遗传给子代。     

直接注射质粒DNA表达人G-CSF的研究(英文)

转基因动物研究发展至今,对于所构建的表达载体有效性如何,一直缺乏一个验证体系。由于转基因动物的建立较为繁琐复杂,投资大,因而直接用转基因动物去验证所用元件是不明智的。为此,我们采用小鼠乳清酸蛋白（ＷＡＰ）基因（２．６Ｋｂ）为调控序列,人ＧＣＳＦ基因组基因为目的片段,将ＷＡＰ笫一内含子置于ＧＣＳＦ基因５’端,构建成转基因动物乳腺表达载体ｐＩＮＧＧ（Ｆｉｇ．１）。将表达质粒直接注射到怀孕小鼠乳腺。于分婉第８天取乳汁进行ＥＬＩＳＡ检测。在泌乳期小鼠乳汁中检测出人ＧＣＳＦ,表达量达１５３２ｎｇ／ｍＬ（Ｔａｂｌｅ１）。具有一定应用前景。实验中发现：增加注射次数可以提供转染效率,但最佳注射次数仍需摸索。另外,如果换用复制型载体,整合与表达效率有可能大大提高。     

乳腺注射法表达人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂的研究

目的 :构建tPA乳腺定位表达载体 ,使其在牛乳汁中高效表达 ,观察目的基因表达的规律及其影响因素 ,为建立新型牛乳腺生物反应器提供理论基础。方法 :RT-PCR法克隆目的基因 ,通过酶切、连接、分离、纯化等方法构建含tPA-cDNA的乳腺定位表达载体 ;采用乳腺注射法将融合基因转入小鼠及牛的乳腺组织中。结果 :乳腺注射外源基因后 ,tPA可在小鼠和牛的乳汁中表达。结论 :乳腺注射法可使目的基因在乳腺组织中稳定地表达较长的时间 ,其表达量与显微注射法没有明显的差异 ,表明外源基因的表达不受转基因方法的影响。但tPA在牛乳汁中的表达量明显高于小鼠的表达量 ,提示不同动物的乳蛋白调控系统有一定的差异 ,可能受着不同的因素或调控系统的影响。     

牛乳铁蛋白肽转基因小鼠的构建

目的:探讨牛乳铁蛋白肽在转基因鼠乳汁中的表达及其抑菌活性。方法:将实验室构建并保存的包含山羊β-酪蛋白基因启动子和牛乳铁蛋白肽基因的乳腺特异表达载体PI-bcp-LfcinB,用Xho I和Nru I双酶切,得到含有全部表达盒的显微注射DNA片段,采用常规显微注射技术获得转基因小鼠。并通过对泌乳期转基因雌鼠乳腺组织的RT-PCR检测,确定了牛乳铁蛋白肽在mRNA水平的表达,同时利用琼脂板扩散法检测了转基因鼠乳汁中表达产物的抑菌活性。结果:获得了牛乳铁蛋白肽转基因小鼠,且转基因小鼠乳汁中能够表达具有抑菌活性的牛乳铁蛋白肽。结论:通过转基因动物乳腺可以获得具有生物活性的牛乳铁蛋白肽,为进一步研究抗菌肽转基因牛、培育抗乳房炎奶牛新品种以及通过建立转基因动物生物反应器进行抗菌肽的大量生产奠定了基础。     

组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体(La-tPA)转基因鼠的建立

用羊β－乳球蛋白基因（ＢＬＧ）５区５×１０３ｂ（１０３ｂ,旧称ｋｂ）为调控序列,构建了乳腺表达组织纤溶酶原激活剂突变体（Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ）载体．对５４０枚小鼠受精卵进行显微注射,经ＰＣＲ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ检测,获得６只整合有人Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ的转基因小鼠,整合率为３２％．这为未来利用转基因动物生产Ｌａ－ｔＰＡ提供依据     

表达人尿激酶原突变体的重组山羊乳腺特异性表达慢病毒载体的构建

目的：构建山羊乳腺特异性表达尿激酶原突变体的重组慢病毒载体,证明其表达的有效性。方法：将劳氏肉瘤病毒增强子／启动子、复制缺陷型人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）的5′端长重复序列（LTR）、HIV-1ψ包装信号、HIVRev反应元件、山羊β-酪蛋白调控序列、尿激酶原M13cDNA、AU3／3′LTR、牛生长激素（BGH）基因poly（A）依次连接,构建乳腺特异性表达的慢病毒载体,通过体外转染人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7、中国仓鼠卵巢细胞及泌乳山羊乳腺注射证明其表达有效性。结果：酶切鉴定证实山羊乳腺特异性表达载体构建正确;将该载体转染细胞,采用溶圈法和Western印迹检测证实了其表达的有效性;慢病毒载体注射到泌乳山羊的乳腺,在乳汁中也检测到了尿激酶原的表达。结论：为在转基因动物乳腺中表达尿激酶原突变体奠定了基础。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.